3953 changed files with 237341 additions and 198753 deletions
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/beta-issue.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/beta-issue.yml
@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+name: Beta (v6) Bug
+description: Open an issue for a bug in the v6 beta
+title: "Title Here"
+labels: ["v6-beta"]
+assignees:
+  - ricmoo
+body:
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        This form is **only** for issues in the **v6 beta**, which you can access using either the `v6-beta` tag in the repository or install using `ethers@beta` with `npm`.
+
+        The v6 branch will be very lively, undergoing a lot of changes, including backwards compatible changes between beta versions.
+
+        Before opening an issue, please make sure you have **fully updated to the latest version** by removing the `node_modules/` and `package-lock.json` and then running a fresh `npm install`. Otherwise you may end up with incompatible versions which may conflict with each other.
+
+        Thanks for trying out the v6 beta! Cheers!
+  - type: input
+    id: version
+    attributes:
+      label: Ethers Beta Version
+      description: What version of ethers are you using? Before opening an issue, please make sure you are using the latest beta.
+      placeholder: x.y.z-beta.N
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: about-the-bug
+    attributes:
+      label: Describe the Problem
+      description: Please describe what you expected to happen vs what did happen?
+      placeholder: What happened?
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: code-snippet
+    attributes:
+      label: Code Snippet
+      description: If possible, please include a **short and concise** code snippets that can reproduce this issue. Ideally code that can be pasted into the [Ethers Playground](https://playground.ethers.org).
+      placeholder: e.g. provider.getBlockNumber()
+      render: shell
+  - type: textarea
+    id: errors
+    attributes:
+      label: Errors
+      description: If there is an error, please include the **entire error** (redacting any sensitive information).
+      placeholder: "e.g. Error: invalid name (code='INVALID_ARGUMENT, ...)"
+      render: shell
+  - type: dropdown
+    id: environment
+    attributes:
+      label: Environment
+      description: What environment, platforms or frameworks are you using? Select all that apply.
+      multiple: true
+      options:
+        - node.js
+        - Browser (Chrome, Safari, etc)
+        - React Native/Expo/JavaScriptCore
+        - Hardhat
+        - Geth
+        - Parity
+        - Ganache
+        - Other (please specify)
+  - type: input
+    id: other-envrionment
+    attributes:
+      label: Environment (Other)
+      placeholder: anything else?
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug-report-legacy.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug-report-legacy.yml
@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
-name: "Bug Report v5 (legacy)"
-description: "Open an issue for a bug in Ethers v5 (legacy)"
-title: "Add Bug Title Here"
-labels: [ "investigate", "v5" ]
-assignees:
-  - ricmoo
-body:
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        **READ THIS FIRST** and follow all instructions, please. `:)`
-
-        Thank you for taking the time to report an issue. This form is for reporting **bugs within ethers**, specifically for the legacy v5 branch.
-
-        If you are **new to ethers** or *uncertain* whether this is a bug in ethers, a bug in another framework or a bug in your own code, please [start a discussion](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/discussions) first.
-  - type: input
-    id: version
-    attributes:
-      label: Ethers Version
-      description: What version of ethers are you using? Before opening an issue, please make sure you are up to date.
-      placeholder: 5.y.z
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: input
-    id: search-terms
-    attributes:
-      label: Search Terms
-      description: Have you searched for answers [in the documentation](https://docs.ethers.org), through [the issues](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues) and [on the discusions](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/discussions)? Please include the search terms you have tried. This helps us add more keywords where needed.
-      placeholder: e.g. abi, network, utf8
-  - type: textarea
-    id: about-the-bug
-    attributes:
-      label: Describe the Problem
-      description: Please describe what you expected to happen vs what did happen?
-      placeholder: What happened?
-    validations:
-      required: true    
-  - type: textarea
-    id: code-snippet
-    attributes:
-      label: Code Snippet
-      description: If possible, please include a **short and concise** code snippets that can reproduce this issue. Ideally code that can be pasted into the [Ethers Playground](https://playground.ethers.org).
-      placeholder: e.g. provider.getBlockNumber()
-      render: shell
-  - type: textarea
-    id: contract-abi
-    attributes:
-      label: Contract ABI
-      description: If this involves a contract, please include any **concise and relevant** ABI fragments.
-      placeholder: e.g. [ 'function balanceOf(address owner) view returns (uint)' ]
-      render: shell
-  - type: textarea
-    id: errors
-    attributes:
-      label: Errors
-      description: If there is an error, please include the **entire error** (redacting any sensitive information).
-      placeholder: "e.g. Error: invalid name (code='INVALID_ARGUMENT, ...)"
-      render: shell
-  - type: dropdown
-    id: environment
-    attributes:
-      label: Environment
-      description: What environment, platforms or frameworks are you using? Select all that apply.
-      multiple: true
-      options:
-        - Ethereum (mainnet/ropsten/rinkeby/goerli)
-        - Altcoin - Please specify (e.g. Polygon)
-        - node.js (v12 or newer)
-        - node.js (older than v12)
-        - Browser (Chrome, Safari, etc)
-        - React Native/Expo/JavaScriptCore
-        - Hardhat
-        - Geth
-        - Parity
-        - Ganache
-        - Other (please specify)
-  - type: input
-    id: other-envrionment
-    attributes:
-      label: Environment (Other)
-      placeholder: anything else?
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug-report.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug-report.yml
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-name: "Bug Report v6 (latest)"
-description: "Open an issue for a bug in Ethers v6 (latest)"
-title: "Add Bug Title Here"
-labels: [ "investigate", "v6" ]
+name: Bug Report
+description: Open an issue for a bug in Ethers
+title: "Bug Report Title"
+labels: ["investigate"]
 assignees:
  - ricmoo
 body:
@ -18,14 +18,14 @@ body:
    attributes:
      label: Ethers Version
      description: What version of ethers are you using? Before opening an issue, please make sure you are up to date.
-      placeholder: 6.y.z
+      placeholder: x.y.z
    validations:
      required: true
  - type: input
    id: search-terms
    attributes:
      label: Search Terms
-      description: Have you searched for answers [in the documentation](https://docs.ethers.org), through [the issues](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues) and [on the discusions](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/discussions)? Please include the search terms you have tried. This helps us add more keywords where needed.
+      description: Have you searched for answers [in the documentation](https://docs.ethers.io), through [the issues](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues) and [on the discusions](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/discussions)? Please include the search terms you have tried. This helps us add more keywords where needed.
      placeholder: e.g. abi, network, utf8
  - type: textarea
    id: about-the-bug
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/documentation.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/documentation.yml
@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ body:
  - type: markdown
    attributes:
      value: |
-        Please include anything about the [documentation](https://docs.ethers.org) you would like to see improved.
+        Please include anything about the [documentation](https://docs.ethers.io) you would like to see improved.

          - Missing information or details?
          - Spelling or Grammar mistakes?
--- a/.github/workflows/generate-docs.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/generate-docs.yml
@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-name: Generate Documentation
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - main
-    paths:
-      - "src.ts/**"
-      - "docs.wrm/**"
-
-jobs:
-  docs:
-    name: Generate Documentation
-
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-
-    environment: ethers-tests
-    env:
-      FAUCET_PRIVATEKEY: ${{ secrets.FAUCET_PRIVATEKEY }}
-
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/setup-node@v1
-        with:
-          node-version: 20.x
-
-      - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: "0"
-
-      - name: Install dependencies
-        run: npm ci
-
-      - name: Install Flatworm
-        run: npm install --no-save 'https://github.com/ricmoo/flatworm.git#tsdocs'
-
-      - name: Build Documentation
-        run: node node_modules/flatworm/lib/cli-test ./docs.wrm/config.mjs
-
-      - name: Upload documentation to to docs.ethers.org
-        uses: ethers-io/sync-s3-action@main
-        with:
-          aws_access_key_id: ${{ secrets.DOCS_AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
-          aws_secret_access_key: ${{ secrets.DOCS_AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY}}
-          aws_s3_bucket: ethers.org
-          source_folder: 'output/docs/'
-          destination_prefix: 'docs/'
-          aws_cloudfront_id: ${{ secrets.DOCS_AWS_CLOUDFRONT_ID }}
--- a/.github/workflows/nodejs.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/nodejs.yml
@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+name: Node.js CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - v5
+
+jobs:
+
+  test-node:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    environment: ethers-tests
+    env:
+      FAUCET_PRIVATEKEY: ${{ secrets.FAUCET_PRIVATEKEY }}
+
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        node-version: [ 18.x, 20.x ]
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Use Node.js ${{ matrix.node-version }}
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v1
+        with:
+          node-version: ${{ matrix.node-version }}
+
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        with:
+          ref: 'v5'
+
+      - name: Install dependencies (and link per package)
+        run: npm ci
+
+      - name: Build CommonJS and ESM (from TypeScript)
+        run: npm run build-all
+
+      - name: Run tests
+        run: npm run test-node
+
+
+  test-browser:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    environment: ethers-tests
+    env:
+      FAUCET_PRIVATEKEY: ${{ secrets.FAUCET_PRIVATEKEY }}
+
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        module: [ 'esm', 'umd' ]
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@v1
+        with:
+          node-version: 20.x
+
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        with:
+          ref: 'v5'
+
+      - name: Install dependencies (and link per package)
+        run: npm ci
+
+      - name: Build CommonJS and ESM (from TypeScript)
+        run: npm run build-all
+
+      - name: Run tests
+        run: npm run test-browser-${{ matrix.module }}
+
+#  test-react-native:
+#
+#    runs-on: macos-latest
+#
+#    # Temporary for testing CI
+#    continue-on-error: true
+#
+#    strategy:
+#      fail-fast: false
+#
+#    steps:
+#      - name: Use Node.js 12.x
+#        uses: actions/setup-node@v1
+#        with:
+#          node-version: 12.x
+#
+#      - name: Checkout repository
+#        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+#
+#      - name: Install dependencies (and link per package)
+#        run: npm ci
+#
+#      - name: Build CommonJS and ESM (from TypeScript)
+#        run: npm run build-all
+#
+#      - name: Run tests
+#        run: npm run test-react
+
+
+  coverage:
+
+    name: Coverage
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    environment: ethers-tests
+    env:
+      FAUCET_PRIVATEKEY: ${{ secrets.FAUCET_PRIVATEKEY }}
+
+    continue-on-error: true
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@v1
+        with:
+          node-version: 20.x
+
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        with:
+          ref: "v5"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies (and link per package)
+        run: npm ci
+
+      - name: Build CommonJS and ESM (from TypeScript)
+        run: npm run build-all
+
+      - name: Run tests
+        run: npm run test-coverage
+
+      - name: Upload coverage summary
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+        with:
+          name: coverage-summary
+          path: ./output/summary.txt
+
+      - name: Tar files
+        run: tar -cvf ./output/coverage.tar ./output/lcov-report/
+
+      - name: Upload coverage
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+        with:
+          name: coverage-complete
+          path: ./output/coverage.tar
--- a/.github/workflows/test-browser.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-browser.yml
@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-name: Browser Tests
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - main
-    paths:
-      - "src.ts/**"
-      - "lib.esm/**"
-      - "lib.commonjs/**"
-      - "misc/test-browser/**"
-
-jobs:
-  test-browser:
-    name: Run Browser Tests
-
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-
-    environment: ethers-tests
-
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-
-    steps:
-      - name: Install Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v1
-        with:
-          node-version: 20.x
-
-      - name: Install and run Geth
-        uses: ethers-io/run-geth-action@main
-
-      - name: Insall Chrome
-        run: wget -q 'https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb' && sudo dpkg --install google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
-
-      - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
-
-      - name: Install dependencies
-        run: npm ci
-
-      - name: Build browser bundles (from TypeScript)
-        run: npm run build-dist
-        
-      - name: Run tests
-        run: npm run test-browser
--- a/.github/workflows/test-ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-ci.yml
@ -1,109 +0,0 @@
-name: CI Tests
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - main
-    paths:
-      - "src.ts/**"
-      - "lib.esm/**"
-      - "lib.commonjs/**"
-
-jobs:
-
-  test-node:
-    #if: ${{ false }}  # disable for now
-
-    name: Run Node.js Tests
-
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-
-    environment: ethers-tests
-    env:
-      FAUCET_PRIVATEKEY: ${{ secrets.FAUCET_PRIVATEKEY }}
-
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        node-version: [ 18.x, 20.x ]
-        test-type: [ esm, commonjs ]
-
-    steps:
-      - name: Use Node.js ${{ matrix.node-version }}
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v1
-        with:
-          node-version: ${{ matrix.node-version }}
-
-      - name: Install and run Geth
-        uses: ethers-io/run-geth-action@main
-
-      - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
-
-      - name: Install dependencies
-        run: npm ci
-
-      - name: Build ESM and CommonJS (from TypeScript)
-        run: npm run build-all
-
-      - name: Run tests (${{ matrix.test-type }})
-        run: npm run test-${{ matrix.test-type }}
-
-
-  coverage:
-    #if: ${{ false }}  # disable for now
-
-    name: Generate Coverage Report
-
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-
-    environment: ethers-tests
-    env:
-      FAUCET_PRIVATEKEY: ${{ secrets.FAUCET_PRIVATEKEY }}
-
-    continue-on-error: true
-
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/setup-node@v1
-        with:
-          node-version: 20.x
-
-      - name: Install and run Geth
-        uses: ethers-io/run-geth-action@main
-        
-      - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
-
-      - name: Install dependencies
-        run: npm ci
-
-      - name: Build ESM (from TypeScript)
-        run: npm run build
-
-      - name: Run coverage tests
-        run: npm run test-coverage
-
-      - name: Store coverage summary artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
-        with:
-          name: coverage-summary
-          path: ./output/summary.txt
-
-      - name: Tar coverage files
-        run: tar -cvf ./output/coverage.tar ./output/lcov-report/
-
-      - name: Store full coverage artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
-        with:
-          name: coverage-complete
-          path: ./output/coverage.tar
-
-      - name: Upload coverage to build.ethers.org
-        uses: ethers-io/sync-s3-action@main
-        with:
-          aws_access_key_id: ${{ secrets.BUILD_AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
-          aws_secret_access_key: ${{ secrets.BUILD_AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY}}
-          aws_s3_bucket: ethers.org
-          source_folder: 'output/'
-          destination_prefix: 'build/output/'
-          aws_cloudfront_id: ${{ secrets.BUILD_AWS_CLOUDFRONT_ID }}
--- a/.github/workflows/test-env.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-env.yml
@ -1,86 +0,0 @@
-name: Environment Tests
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - main
-
-jobs:
-
-  test-tsc-env:
-    name: Test TypeScript Environments
-
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-
-    env:
-      npm_config_registry: http://localhost:8043
-
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        tsModuleResolution: [ "node", "node16", "nodenext" ]
-        tsModule: [ "commonjs", "es2020" ]
-
-    steps:
-      - name: Use Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v1
-        with:
-          node-version: 20.x
-
-      - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
-        with:
-          path: "faux_modules/ethers"
-
-      - name: Copy tests to working directory
-        run: cp -r faux_modules/ethers/testcases/test-env/test-tsc/* .
-
-      - name: Prepare setup moduleResolution=${{ matrix.tsModuleResolution }} module=${{ matrix.tsModule }}
-        run: node prepare.cjs ${{ matrix.tsModuleResolution }} ${{ matrix.tsModule }}
-
-      - name: Dump Config
-        run: cat package.json tsconfig.json
-
-      - name: Install and run Faux Registry
-        uses: ethers-io/hijack-npm-action@main
-
-      - name: Install packages
-        run: npm install
-
-      - name: Dump Faux Logs
-        run: cat .fauxNpm.log
-
-      - name: Run tests
-        run: npm test
-
-  test-angular:
-    name: Test Angular Environment
-
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-
-    env:
-      npm_config_registry: http://localhost:8043
-
-    steps:
-      - name: Use Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v1
-        with:
-          node-version: 20.x
-
-      - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
-        with:
-          path: "faux_modules/ethers"
-
-      - name: Copy tests to working directory
-        run: cp -r faux_modules/ethers/testcases/test-env/angular/* .
-
-      - name: Install and run Faux Registry
-        uses: ethers-io/hijack-npm-action@main
-
-      - name: Install packages
-        run: npm install
-
-      - name: Build project
-        run: npm run build
-
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@ -1,7 +1,29 @@
-node_modules/**
+node_modules/
+packages/*/node_modules
+packages/*/lib._esm
+.package_node_modules/
+obsolete/
+.DS_Store
+.tmp/
+dist/types/shims/
+shims/*.d.ts
+**/*.swp
+*~
+
+# Weird intermediate files tsc generates for references
+**/src.ts/*.js
+
+# Weird file Browserify sometimes leaves lying around.
+**/*.tmp-browserify-*
+
+lerna-debug.log
+
+packages/*/tsconfig.tsbuildinfo
+
+packages/testcases/input/nameprep/**
+
+.nyc_output/**
+
 output/**

-**/*.save
-**/*.swp
-**/*.tgz
-dist/*.gz
+misc/testing/**
--- a/.npmignore
+++ b/.npmignore
@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-
-# Ignore TypeScript config and caches
-tsconfig.*.json
-tsconfig.tsbuildinfo
-rollup.config.js
-output/**
-docs.wrm/**
-.github/**
-
-# Ignore admin scripts and files
-src.ts/_admin/**
-lib.commonjs/_admin/**
-lib.esm/_admin/**
-types/_admin/**
-reporter.cjs
-package-commonjs.json
-.github/workflows/test-ci.yml
-
-# Ignore test cases
-src.ts/_tests/**
-lib.commonjs/_tests/**
-lib.esm/_tests/**
-types/_tests/**
-testcases/**
-
-# Ignore random junk
-.DS_Store
-node_modules/**
-misc/**
-**/*.tgz
-dist/*.gz
--- a/.npmrc
+++ b/.npmrc
@ -1 +0,0 @@
-@tornado:registry=https://git.tornado.ws/api/packages/tornado-packages/npm/
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@ -1,339 +1,577 @@
-Change Log
-==========
+Changelog
+=========

-This change log is maintained by `src.ts/_admin/update-changelog.ts` but may also be manually updated.
+This change log is managed by `admin/cmds/update-versions` but may be manually updated.

-ethers/v6.12.0 (2024-04-17 01:09)
+
+ethers/v5.8.0 (2024-02-23 19:11)
+--------------------------------
+
+  - Added modern networks, updated third-party backend URLs and added QuickNode. ([#3935](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3935), [#4010](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4010); [f7c813d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/f7c813d3130f4790be4381c06ee5e56c8d513c79))
+  - Updated tests for goerli. ([706d3ca](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/706d3ca27c233385944877eb64c099c74109b6c2))
+
+ethers/v5.7.2 (2022-10-19 04:19)
+--------------------------------
+
+  - Updated tests to use goerli instead of ropsten. ([1392803](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/139280390c32b80c533e6a74c84595e6bea706b9), [706d3ca](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/706d3ca27c233385944877eb64c099c74109b6c2))
+  - Added new error strings Pocket returns. ([9f990c5](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/9f990c57f0486728902d4b8e049536f2bb3487ee))
+  - Fixed Alchemy goerli URL. ([#3320](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3320), [#3323](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3323), [#3340](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3340), [#3358](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3358), [#3423](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3423); [74e3d98](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/74e3d98d1df2bd97be258202a63517d4aa1ba8fd))
+  - Update testnets for third-party providers. ([#3320](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3320), [#3323](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3323), [#3340](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3340), [#3358](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3358), [#3423](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3423); [2a3a2e1](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/2a3a2e1feda7b18c8e234c84e4de32d4246f18ed))
+
+ethers/v5.7.1 (2022-09-13 21:28)
+--------------------------------
+
+  - Fixed message signing errors that clobbered critical Error properties. ([#3356](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3356); [b14cb0f](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/b14cb0fa2c31c09bfc4c668e5b9dbbc52e9b5dce))
+  - Add support for all data URL formats. ([#3341](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3341); [4c86dc9](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/4c86dc9ed41fcf889daaaca41686a218a0c68e90))
+  - Added Sepolia network. ([#3325](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3325); [d083522](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/d083522374b8e48e02688d2f8e29cd86f99e5fc4))
+
+ethers/v5.7.0 (2022-08-18 16:17)
+--------------------------------
+
+  - Update PocketProvider to newer URL format. ([#2980](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2980); [10d07ca](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/10d07ca6ec0622fb5a58b7e61b089166ebe8ea15))
+  - Add new ENS normalization specification for wider UTF-8 support. ([#42](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/42), [#2376](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2376), [#2754](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2754); [14bf407](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/14bf407bd948bb1bc91161032c93a67d81fb5a02), [fce9aaa](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/fce9aaa7345a001a4a56bce66298ee23948d120c), [f274104](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/f274104865794f7f24db4244d591c39ad16f6688))
+  - Added ACTION_REJECTED error for UI-based Signers. ([d9897e0](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/d9897e0fdb5f9ca34822929c95a478634cc2a460))
+  - Include current baseFee in feeData for easier custom fee calculation. ([8314236](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/8314236143a300ae81c1dcc27a7a36640df22061))
+  - Add restrictions for new UTF-8 specification ENS names. ([#42](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/42), [#2376](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2376), [#2754](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2754); [e52fbfb](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/e52fbfbe70014e8033d3beed9c0dff2809eeef7f))
+  - Expand the definition of a WebSocketLike. ([#2843](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2843); [00114d7](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/00114d7b2f6e65a1cc974ea5b03abad568db4827))
+  - Expanded type for queryFitler to allow string. ([#2882](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2882); [60da870](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/60da870cf2f8b71a4ec0c4bec67e28a11463038d))
+  - Added finalized and safe blockTags. ([#3091](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3091); [549168c](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/549168cc4d0d3d18b12caa70bf5c58f4bcdc0175))
+  - Added arbitrum-goerli to Networks and AlchemyProvider. ([#3246](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3246); [e72d13e](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/e72d13e651c236c0222265931285a466f1441134))
+  - Add EIP-712 type exports. ([#221](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/221); [7ce41cd](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/7ce41cdec706def0cd41f7f294c4d31bcb99a4ec))
+  - Added optimism-goerli to AlchemyProvider. ([#3246](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3246); [f1cb0d2](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/f1cb0d2dd654890836810e5c8d221e2664b2ae4a))
+  - Updated EtherscanProvider for new CommunityResource API throttling. ([6bd13c3](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/6bd13c312fd53eaa78269d2c10e6bc373d67a2a9))
+  - Fix old events from being emitted at the beginning of a filter. ([#3069](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3069), [#3094](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3094); [ea2d245](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/ea2d2453a535a319ad55e7ca739ab1bcdb1432b7))
+  - Fixed Interface signautres missing strings as eventFragments. ([#3157](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3157); [c004ae5](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/c004ae50f3df833380ca1540ef5024965ac8ef48))
+  - Fix bug in EIP1193Bridge forwarding to the wrong method. ([#3166](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3166); [17676e9](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/17676e9597ef7610443e3a7d7bb2967e7b509c26))
+  - Use updated Web3 Secret Storage format for JSON wallets. ([#3075](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3075); [6f57e8b](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/6f57e8b1564a0b5c80b742775d02b9fad710c8e6))
+  - Relaxed nameprep length requirement dropping RFC-5891 section 4.2.4. ([#3161](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3161); [abdf2e3](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/abdf2e30a5169d6ddd368f2bc3cdcd5feed25ae5))
+  - Switch to hash.js for ripemd160 on node as it was removed from the default crypto provider in node 17. ([#3082](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3082); [450694e](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/450694e25760d383f3fe3b299d181ebe5fd6ab06))
+  - Add optimism-kovan to EtherscanProvider. ([#3135](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3135); [4d3e586](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/4d3e586701ca9ecd0ab63133d90185809d4f3811))
+  - Forward any blockTag along in the FallbackProvider during call. ([#3168](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3168); [ab43e7d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/ab43e7d171b6191abc47318e76ddec4ee7156cdd))
+  - Allow browser fetch option overrides. ([#3096](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3096); [c309df8](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/c309df8a3e988b00b4bc636622be78e246379f73))
+
+ethers/v5.6.9 (2022-06-17 14:44)
+--------------------------------
+
+  - Removed Ankr for Ropsten default provider; the merge seems to have broke it. ([3790671](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/3790671b424bfcfaaf27bab9f964c3ca407e8fea))
+  - Fix NonceManager for increment 0 and provided nonce. ([#3062](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3062), [#3085](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3085); [0a28679](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/0a28679994c844cef514f9e800c6cd8e1a21aa30))
+  - Fixed topic filters for numeric types with string values. ([#3013](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3013); [0078e02](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/0078e026f1b438dd0976200ee16c38ec5a7788f6))
+
+ethers/v5.6.8 (2022-05-24 11:50)
+--------------------------------
+
+  - Update BN.js for hexstring bug fix. ([#3017](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3017); [30b716b](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/30b716bf2cfd67ca38f76e344a26c0c2d5b75935), [a27ef82](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/a27ef825772f72071439c51e51180b6fcc64f03c))
+
+ethers/v5.6.7 (2022-05-20 19:11)
+--------------------------------
+
+  - Add Skynet support. ([#2853](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2853), [#2866](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2866); [13dd42c](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/13dd42c6c38d6977645555cdf7ab60354b0e2725))
+  - Fix WebWorker support in rollup files. ([#2976](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2976); [d06aa26](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/d06aa26d74eecd06149f908ce25dbaf867754c0e))
+  - Remove superfluous logging. ([#2995](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2995); [ed7e6a5](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/ed7e6a500e6087efcace8a5ff98997fbce2c6d6d))
+  - Add matic and optimism support to default provider. ([a301297](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/a3012977b1b10110ea15625754e8fc117e1ea147))
+  - Use case-insensitive schemes for getDefaultProvider. ([#2320](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2320); [8b62aef](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/8b62aeff9cce44cbd16ff41f8fc01ebb101f8265))
+  - Pad position in JSON-RPC getStorageAt calls. ([#2982](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2982); [d5815cc](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/d5815cc4f1c13e5265c748d8afc4c085a97b1945))
+
+ethers/v5.6.6 (2022-05-12 17:29)
+--------------------------------
+
+  - Ensure gas estimate errors are not call exceptions in disguise. ([#2954](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2954); [2c3dae0](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/2c3dae08745530b8c3ea3ab6c8f03e8fa8ac1e5c))
+  - Added optimism to EtherscanProvider. ([#2968](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2968); [c6eebf9](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/c6eebf9928597cab305b663fa409d30e3122e7d0))
+  - Remove pedantic check for new keyword which broke some platforms for inheritance. ([#2860](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2860), [#2861](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2861); [32b7373](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/32b7373456972e0fbd47e7edaf056ed130adf1da))
+
+ethers/v5.6.5 (2022-05-01 02:10)
+--------------------------------
+
+  - Added testnets for AnkrProvider. ([#2949](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2949), [#2950](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2950); [d9f45b3](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/d9f45b3b9db92c72f9c606bab8315d0eb02fec70))
+  - Better error coalescing for OpenEthereum nodes. ([#2846](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2846); [bebd669](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/bebd6698c6c3193f0bdb96b54c5daa5ee5d0692c))
+  - Enforce 32-byte private key length (2926). ([7b299dd](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/7b299dd9c97571b12916e3ae529540f3f2e5a367))
+  - Fixed decimal strings as value-type properties for JsonRpcSigner. ([#2948](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2948); [9bf17fa](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/9bf17fa07c6149a02ef217f2b89f1bfd990b1a6c))
+
+ethers/v5.6.4 (2022-04-13 16:56)
+--------------------------------
+
+  - Support new OpenEthereum NONCE_EXPIRED string. ([#2845](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2845), [#2846](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2846); [0855d6e](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/0855d6e9f593515b639c10a3f65bad712c68221c))
+
+ethers/v5.6.3 (2022-04-13 00:23)
+--------------------------------
+
+  - Mimic Hardhard error strings in CALL_EXCEPTION for popular matchers. ([#2849](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2849), [#2862](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2862); [dab6ede](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/dab6ede226e572706655e2865d4c953e37741a5c))
+  - Fix pocket API key not being passed in for default provider. ([#2890](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2890); [056d7c8](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/056d7c8bfc5896759c383d7cfae8ed0ec5c5eefb))
+
+ethers/v5.6.2 (2022-03-25 17:56)
+--------------------------------
+
+  - Fixed left-padding in arrayify. ([#2833](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2833); [e192903](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/e19290305080ebdfa2cb2ab2719cb53fee5a6cc7))
+  - More robust JSON-RPC error handling for reverted executions. ([#2603](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2603); [9d9b14b](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/9d9b14b95299b793c1a0f4cb8f42e4e0252fed1c))
+  - Added IPNS support for ENS contenthash. ([e70f3fe](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/e70f3fe26f3b0dfd44fdbc163e2cc6c8eb9433f8))
+  - Added initial AnkrProvider ([96de581](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/96de58122af57be761e431e9268958eeaa352480))
+
+ethers/v5.6.1 (2022-03-16 01:25)
+--------------------------------
+
+  - Fix issue with CCIP Read using wrong sender. ([#2478](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2478); [5998fea](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/5998fea53d5ea26358c2f10939dfdf0bc679936d), [905e98a](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/905e98aa392e2a52d6b0339b21bfce5237fd8662))
+
+ethers/v5.6.0 (2022-03-09 14:57)
+--------------------------------
+
+  - Tweaked test case to re-order transaction after event listeners added. ([fa4a290](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/fa4a29028d97d598b43b2f5ff98077e8cadf56a4))
+  - Ignore errors when resolving ENS resolver properties. ([d160bac](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/d160bac273775f928a9441b0275dbdb6032368fa))
+  - Enable CCIP Read for ENS resolvers. ([#2478](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2478); [be518c3](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/be518c32ec7db9dd4769b57cdf130eb333aebb72))
+  - Fix missing events on certain network conditions. ([#1798](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1798), [#1814](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1814), [#1830](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1830), [#2274](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2274), [#2652](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2652); [f67a9a8](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/f67a9a8569cdfd0ef9ce5fbf09866aab6e4814d4), [f46aa75](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/f46aa75ef1f3428e640cd046db3f080d264b32f3))
+  - Added defaultProvider option to omit specific Providers. ([bae215e](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/bae215eb7fb3efea8473a544579abac1bebb7ef0))
+  - Add support for pending blocks. ([#2225](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2225); [54e6e57](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/54e6e57fcece4c1718a577ecbeb1af97998e8bdc))
+  - Help URLs for errors. ([#2489](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2489); [38e825c](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/38e825cee624ff935ec6b70023cf288126a6bb85), [c562150](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/c562150d2678710f50e5ee3ffa88d0e62d6f696f))
+  - Added CCIP support to provider.call. ([#2478](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2478); [ae23bb7](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/ae23bb76a937924bf57baf679e6efd8cdf59bc47))
+  - Adjust default maxPriorityFeePerGas to 1.5 gwei. ([33a029e](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/33a029e457320a226c68a01f4cfa2d110125a8b8))
+  - Fix contracts when name resolution fails without any checks. ([#2737](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2737); [c2a6a01](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/c2a6a012bf1d8fcd5805e45754cebdfe211c6933))
+  - Preserve explicit chainId in JsonRpcProvider during transaction serialization. ([#2691](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2691); [6807a76](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/6807a76b8ddfdd121f98b21e269de3b195a7673e))
+  - Fixed eth_chainId response for Eip1193Bridge. ([#2711](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2711); [5f26fd5](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/5f26fd55c9d010c00f830a4c83a480a54773858d))
+  - Remove spurious console.log from Interface. ([#2714](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2714); [4e8f004](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/4e8f004e9e42892840663311cafe042c0b24c61e))
+  - Allow raw WebSocket to be passed into WebSocketProvider. ([#2562](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2562), [#2644](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2644); [9aac785](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/9aac785395e9b47655477a3ba7baf05df3274de9))
+  - Added Cloudflare Worker support. ([#1886](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1886); [2d98b4f](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/2d98b4fca1eb2544fec728f7c1c7b0d450e0dbee), [1651389](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/1651389571b5dd16c1c056dcd94729b48a4bdd85))
+  - Add support for EIP-2098 compact signatures. ([#2246](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2246); [f26074b](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/f26074b92b0fc8efd3d85c68e84cc6ff8897e4a8))
+  - Add EIP-2544 Wildcard support. ([#2477](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2477), [#2582](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2582), [#2583](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2583); [83891f9](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/83891f9258492f9801aa579ac50764b6491b6180))
+
+ethers/v5.5.4 (2022-01-24 16:45)
+--------------------------------
+
+  - Support invalid but popular IPFS URI format. ([#2271](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2271), [#2527](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2527), [#2590](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2590); [03545aa](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/03545aa78b0e7bd177e22432e4842b0580a11d7d))
+
+ethers/v5.5.3 (2022-01-06 03:52)
+--------------------------------
+
+  - Fixed case-folding in schemes for ENS avatars. ([#2500](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2500); [3f5bc6d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/3f5bc6ddc1013f0a5974f2ee6f542d6c91480c13))
+  - Added Kintsugi network. ([#2434](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2434); [ab13887](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/ab13887cda3939703dc1f7e27d139ef6001b7dd2))
+  - Fix browser random in WebWorkers. ([#2405](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2405); [4ba63ac](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/4ba63acc107fdd0a6d6ef3e27349e65edb007447))
+  - Add support for IPFS metadata imageUrl in getAvatar. ([#2426](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2426); [3d6a7ec](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/3d6a7ec020eacd993b4b0fd3274574de3ddcc257))
+  - Do not swallow ENS not supported errors. ([#2387](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2387); [2f57c6a](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/2f57c6a4ab44083b2c03f5e57b2702ab7078d286))
+
+ethers/v5.5.2 (2021-11-30 19:16)
+--------------------------------
+
+  - Fixed test case for getAvatar; url has moved ([617714d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/617714d19632c7b4789f042ef8357f858421fbae))
+  - Added basic redirect support. ([42784b8](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/42784b8d38a96170d19ea8adcbc42ebf7415804c))
+  - Added arbitrum and optimism to networks and providers. ([#2335](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2335); [0844de4](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/0844de4eb45eb4170fafb6f2a239b53b6be22f1c))
+  - Added support for data URLs for avatar metadata. ([b8391b0](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/b8391b0e61bf3627702668920c4fd6506f9bdc60))
+  - Fixed getAvatar for unconfigured ENS names. ([1e1c93e](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/1e1c93effa083765be52f3dee10400a9b3eeb003))
+
+ethers/v5.5.1 (2021-10-20 03:59)
+--------------------------------
+
+  - Fixed abstract Provider signature issue. ([#2190](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2190); [1bd9161](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/1bd91615eedcb34a24fca04aa93a9aac394968ed))
+
+ethers/v5.5.0 (2021-10-19 00:01)
+--------------------------------
+
+  - Added ENS avatar support to provider. ([#2185](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2185); [ecce861](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/ecce86125d87ef5258406bde2fff5bc8c9ff3141))
+  - Fixed splitSignature logic for verifying EIP-2930 and EIP-1559 v. ([#2084](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2084); [3de1b81](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/3de1b815014b10d223a42e524fe9c25f9087293b))
+  - Include events on ContractFactory deployment transactions. ([#1334](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1334); [ab319f2](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/ab319f2f4c365d4cd1b1e17e577ecd18a7a89276))
+  - admin: fixed alias script. ([#1494](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1494); [8f3d71d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/8f3d71dc5fd0e91407737a4b82c58c31269ed2be))
+  - Better errors when non-string address or ENS name is passed into Contracts or provider methods. ([#1051](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1051); [a5c6a46](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/a5c6a468f4a7ad29fb5277e08c6b8b208383a575))
+  - Use personal_sign instead of eth_sign for message signing with JsonRpcSigner; added _legacySignMessage for legacy support. ([#1542](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1542), [#1840](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1840); [8947fd4](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/8947fd405e3aea07f6db958d89a3ad39abe3a25a))
+  - Removed extra wordlists from the dist files. ([#2058](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2058), [#2077](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2077); [cb43a99](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/cb43a99405cdc5bdcc875efc1821e00e55447791))
+  - Fix issue when Solidity method collises with JavaScript prototype. ([#1432](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1432), [#2054](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2054), [#2120](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2120); [0a8be37](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/0a8be37b087470d9354f387d7c439cb0166eaf4d))
+  - Add support for Cloudflare Workers. ([#1886](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1886); [6582ede](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/6582ede1ce46be0b3abafb120e052b95a2d172b3))
+  - Added more information to some invalid argument errors. ([#1130](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1130); [f3c6d81](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/f3c6d819f34b6d93f53d98b9f337ade5aa37a594))
+  - Fix compile-time error in new TypeScript version. ([bee76a4](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/bee76a49b2e5f95ea2eab49aabf5e44cb4ca794b))
+  - Adding customData support to transactions to assist L2 chains. ([#1761](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1761); [68095a4](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/68095a48ae19ed06cbcf2f415f1fcbda90d4b2ae))
+  - Added some explicit null results to previously implicit null results for ENS. ([#1850](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1850); [0e5419e](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/0e5419ec79cb18d82bab8c47bfa3ab4a21cfd293))
+  - Added BigNumber _difficulty to Block results. ([#2001](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2001), [#2036](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2036); [a48552a](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/a48552a4fb85a08178d07437a3934db98b7d0736))
+  - Removed redundant call to normalizing blockTag (#1838). ([d5b41ce](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/d5b41ce210c0f22dd795749810f6ce798f71a00f))
+  - Fixed isBytes check for invalid length or elements. ([#1964](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1964); [7a404fb](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/7a404fb8ed95a99baab8f3b384f438b697fa5d76))
+  - Fixed randomBytes not rejecting NaN as a length. ([#1977](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1977); [f8adf82](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/f8adf82e16aaad1a7c1750e7f2e3a9f8073b73e1))
+  - Allow any Networkish for getDefaultProvider. ([#2031](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2031); [cc250b2](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/cc250b2060451e0ee6b1cf3edb6b005f9eee9c61))
+  - Stop allowing commas in fixed numbers; left over from legacy comma support. ([#2083](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2083); [45f3675](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/45f367512d1d5dccfd06fad9cc8688e4d0cccdb8))
+  - Export FallbackProviderConfig. ([#2121](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2121); [48c9e0b](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/48c9e0bf39eec9b5b30ab7cd5685effdccaa1b1a))
+
+ethers/v5.4.7 (2021-09-16 13:17)
+--------------------------------
+
+  - Fix parseUints with excess zeros and fix ReDoS issue. ([#2016](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2016), [#1975](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1975), [#1976](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1976); [32a6b2a](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/32a6b2a362815eb85ce3f3abad5adf92f2b80e10))
+
+ethers/v5.4.6 (2021-08-27 15:34)
+--------------------------------
+
+  - Temporarily remove the block miner for clique-based networks from CI testing. ([#1967](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1967); [8320d53](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/8320d534d78173dfa8ecb4def634a00483a6aa9c))
+  - More readable errors involving Uint8Arrays. ([b6a061e](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/b6a061e7bfd14c1f2df1418df37f704275908e8b))
+  - Added Deferred Error support to Description objects to extent Interface parse methods. ([#1894](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1894); [a662490](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/a662490e82a9b71b5f6dee0a8242e6fa78409d79))
+  - Fix address coder to prepare non-hexdatastring addresses as hexdatastring. ([#1906](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1906); [017b1fe](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/017b1feba2c9dea88f078b299d211cbd58d43b49))
+  - Removed temporary code for better errors needed until Alchemy added EIP-1559 support. ([#1893](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1893); [accb852](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/accb85268c92fa894e769ec1dca322e117d33e5f))
+
+ethers/v5.4.5 (2021-08-18 03:05)
+--------------------------------
+
+  - Fxied getBlockWithTransactions results (#1858). ([78e4273](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/78e4273a327d12da9a1ec008d3f2146d97385921))
+
+ethers/v5.4.4 (2021-08-04 01:37)
+--------------------------------
+
+  - Fixed Etherscan API key in default provider. ([#1807](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1807); [1d27d95](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/1d27d95670ee3a51879393fed44297128c4a42a3))
+  - Adjust default masPriorityFeePerGas to account for MEV-heavy blocks. ([#1817](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1817); [7175e2e](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/7175e2e99c2747e8d2314feb407bf0a0f9371ece))
+
+ethers/v5.4.3 (2021-07-29 23:26)
+--------------------------------
+
+  - Fixed JsonRpcProvider for pre-EIP-2930 chains. ([#1766](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1766); [7274cd0](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/7274cd06cf3f6f31c6df3fd6636706d8536b7ee2))
+  - Forward some missing EIP-1559 fields to call and estimateGas. ([#1766](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1766); [be3854e](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/be3854e648fdef0478db8a64c26be6d9e90cf453))
+  - Fixed possible UnhandledPromiseException for bad ENS names. ([63f8b28](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/63f8b2822318d1e0fcc41f4662feb6e5ae338f3d))
+  - Prevent overriding value for non-payble constructors. ([#1785](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1785); [593b488](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/593b4886ff607d00d656b8131b843933eb48838e))
+
+ethers/v5.4.2 (2021-07-23 17:22)
+--------------------------------
+
+  - Fix test case for new transactions responses. ([0aafca7](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/0aafca71dbc019beb398e1b5a0f24936a4fd215a))
+  - Added matic support to INFURA and Alchemy. ([#1546](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1546); [576e9b5](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/576e9b54abc3ff048113f93f765aa3177bf3b819))
+  - Added string change to coalesce errors on some clients. ([bc5cc2e](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/bc5cc2e7e34f6cc69c43c1665be9c18854fb26b8))
+  - Added wait to transactions returned by getBlockWithTransactions. ([#971](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/971); [660e69d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/660e69db71d42084b1fe791d864d13f0111f84fb))
+  - Fixed floor, ceiling and round for FixedNumber for non-default Formats. ([#1749](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1749); [551cfa0](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/551cfa0062ec1645c9310335e0e6cbd250bb3788))
+  - Fixed null confirmations in Wallet transaction. ([#1706](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1706); [0f0d0c0](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/0f0d0c00d3fc14e5454169d42a9286b1d8b0abef))
+  - Fixed Etherscan string change and enabled all tests. ([a1f8d18](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/a1f8d188a7bc0b0d11426b7ef0d018cc1b7b399d))
+
+ethers/v5.4.1 (2021-07-02 01:47)
+--------------------------------
+
+  - Added Pocket back into Homestead defaultProvider and skip certain EtherscanProvider tests affected by outage. ([6e8a39e](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/6e8a39ec35123e681e47807f54ef9b9122635ea0))
+  - Fixed EtherscanProvider NONCE_EXPIRED matching string update. ([ecae793](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/ecae793edff172a885e5ee014a8ad0b28b68c1e5))
+  - Fixed explicit EIP-1559 keys for JsonRpcSigner. ([72feee8](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/72feee8f5841febdab0d15f09baa69539d95e199))
+
+ethers/v5.4.0 (2021-06-26 01:50)
+--------------------------------
+
+  - Added EIP-1559 support. ([#1610](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1610); [319987e](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/319987ec3e1d0e8787f98f525e5fc07875bf5570), [91fff14](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/91fff1449df5e337fd3b4681b5a04b151d92f5a1), [c5bca77](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/c5bca7767e3f3d43e3d0bd3c9e9420321ee9907a), [5456c35](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/5456c359245d9eef5d2abdc05ccedb5269576c94), [7a12216](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/7a12216cfbd3f86b917451924957471b8be21a8b), [e95708e](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/e95708eedc130aeb92820a2234398970a987c507))
+  - Added effectiveGasPrice to receipt. ([ba6854b](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/ba6854bdd5a912fe873d5da494cb5c62c190adde))
+  - Fixed ENS names for JsonRpcSigner. ([1e31b34](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/1e31b34a5a3a269867a45b519662db85f0c86654))
+  - Added EIP-2930 and EIP-1559 transaction tests. ([7deb4c1](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/7deb4c174a30b75f8419b8661829add4e5cb69d6))
+  - Added ConstructorFragment to exports. ([7efc36d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/7efc36df294ddd333e37793cad712cbd587bc686))
+  - Added error utilities to Interface. ([720bde7](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/720bde7719d9a2fbc7e859f8952b7918e7164b87), [f053a7a](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/f053a7ad58866c8192a64e1e335a2613358385be))
+  - merged master including transaction type 0 legacy constant. ([#1610](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1610); [2a7ce0e](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/2a7ce0e72a1e0c9469e10392b0329e75e341cf18))
+  - Added type to TransactionResponse and TrnsactionReceipt. ([#1687](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1687); [d001901](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/d001901c8c0541c823eb9638b9b309a316b00757))
+  - Trap CALL_EXCEPTION errors when resolving ENS entries. ([#1690](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1690); [91951dc](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/91951dc825af42d4440d2d3b43cfa7a601b20342))
+  - Fixed transaction serialization with explicit null type. ([#1628](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1628); [8277f5a](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/8277f5a62a6739a05ae6682da6956fb490b81e4a))
+  - Fix issue with loading JSON ABI with internalType property. ([#728](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/728); [e8a0144](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/e8a0144b7aa95add967578d9629d70bf01fc55cf))
+
+ethers/v5.3.1 (2021-06-10 18:28)
+--------------------------------
+
+  - Fixed replacement transaction detection for JsonRpcSigner. ([#1658](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1658); [ee82e86](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/ee82e86ccc439825259d20825a00050217890ad3))
+  - Added Matic testnet info to networks. ([#1546](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1546); [376cf3c](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/376cf3cdbf6d2281331d36c5742414a425927318))
+  - Match Solidity identifier regex. ([#1657](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1657); [a6e128f](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/a6e128f5cc566d291b722cca1734ba41aae6c548))
+
+ethers/v5.3.0 (2021-05-31 18:41)
+--------------------------------
+
+  - Added MinInt256 and MaxInt256 constants. ([#1576](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1576); [bfcd05f](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/bfcd05fcbb132d456d6f22f70c8ac9cf5b1826f7))
+  - Version bumps for bn.js and hash.js to match elliptic and fix some build tools. ([#1478](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1478); [819b1ac](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/819b1ace5c9b16e29dc354ad80e0e5b71ac63c52))
+  - Removed Hangul checks in shims which crashes Android. ([#1519](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1519); [4b33114](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/4b331148d980e3056ceaabdcd6e50a2aa1beb40d))
+  - Fixed ENS namehash with leading and trailing dots. ([#1605](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1605); [7adcf3b](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/7adcf3b154669d9d1a0a66d5e15dabfbf6618180))
+  - Fixed broken variable in template string. ([#1624](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1624), [#1626](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1626); [630656e](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/630656e949a8ffd940e4b66ec93ec07cd6ec2634))
+  - Fixed FixedNumber rounding for non-default formats. ([#1629](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1629); [8681cd5](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/8681cd59698d02d040871aa889fc6ccc8550df98))
+  - Update ws dependency version to fix security. ([#1633](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1633), [#1634](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1634); [470551e](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/470551e4ee3f1e343a26fc0775f9d9f7489129f8))
+
+ethers/v5.2.0 (2021-05-17 16:18)
+--------------------------------
+
+  - More aggresively check for mempool transactions sent from JsonRpcSigner. ([3316468](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/3316468e3e0a5925cbecad85d894cc7d622394e7))
+  - Added initial support for detecting replacement transactions. ([#1477](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1477); [987bec8](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/987bec87afaa365f291290a0136cedbc2b1992f2), [5144acf](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/5144acf456b51c95bbe3950bd37609abecc7ebc7))
+  - Added convenience method for HD path derivation. ([aadc5cd](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/aadc5cd3d65421e13ebd4e4d7c293ac3ece5e178))
+  - Added mnemonicPath option to cli. ([6e08809](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/6e088099adabd7c5d2e6710062ebc62b316ba0f1))
+  - Added some popular Ethereum-compatible chains to networks. ([b6370f1](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/b6370f13600a0c444342cbf16a83f010a929976b))
+  - Added debug event to Web3Provider. ([26464c5](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/26464c54258f98c321638475d6cf11595186e76d))
+  - Abstracted EtherscanProivder to more easily fascilitate other Etherscan-supported chains. ([#1204](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1204), [#1473](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1473); [37a9c77](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/37a9c77ab2acb7f75e1fc4cc918810d2fe59dd76))
+  - Added Custom Contract Errors. ([#1498](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1498); [6519609](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/65196097f6626401638d85cf19e3d628a6223d5d), [483d67f](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/483d67f55c15a76bcd853e889a0e35815d9850f7))
+  - More flexible FixedNumber input and output for strings with no decimals. ([#1019](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1019), [#1291](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1291), [#1463](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1463); [a9cdbe1](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/a9cdbe1238c149a7167c6bb1a78f314805b52755))
+  - Added hex support for bigint. ([#1472](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1472); [4e9abfd](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/4e9abfdee478a8423da4d55feea8c1aae78a8eb4))
+  - Added support for null entries in EventFilter. ([#1499](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1499); [3bb5fbf](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/3bb5fbf533107e880377ecc14f30f314a5028e56))
+  - Add bigint to allowed BigNumberish types. ([#1472](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1472); [cadccc3](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/cadccc3060b88ab2ca64aeb302717d2d1c95a897))
+  - Minor version bump. ([8e22e02](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/8e22e0260eb70713c943c9e99ee8d66d71ebe56d))
+
+ethers/v5.1.4 (2021-04-22 06:33)
+--------------------------------
+
+  - Do not throw on ABI "error" type. ([#1493](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1493), [#1497](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1497); [bd05aed](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/bd05aed070ac9e1421a3e2bff2ceea150bedf9b7))
+
+ethers/v5.1.3 (2021-04-19 21:01)
+--------------------------------
+
+  - Fixed JsonRpcProvider event-loop caching when using any network. ([#1484](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1484); [58488e7](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/58488e78f9ef79715693e19b42663335aad88c03))
+  - Updated experimental Eip1193Bridge to support final EIP-1193 API. ([2911659](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/29116593ba6c9c0fa491b13787cca8b233d4218c))
+  - Fail early for ABI decoding that will obviously run out of data. ([#1486](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1486); [51f0e1a](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/51f0e1a52fb885e6f146f7b3b70ed487fd1c8f5a))
+  - Fixed BigNumber toBigInt return type. ([#1485](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1485); [c086962](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/c0869623024bbf3671938dad03b131ff2ac54345))
+
+ethers/v5.1.2 (2021-04-18 19:31)
+--------------------------------
+
+  - Increase provider tests gas price for sending a transaction. ([8eaeba3](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/8eaeba35f550c3d9aa1ae62eb8d8e0c912818f7f))
+  - Fixed run-checking non-filter Contract events. ([#1458](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1458); [4a44865](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/4a44865a8c22adb9c55d5c37a81ee46ebc68228c))
+
+ethers/v5.1.1 (2021-04-18 02:47)
+--------------------------------
+
+  - Increased sendTransaction timeout to 15 minutes and pull Pocket from tx tests. ([08adc18](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/08adc18a68bdc730633bdaaf2329014a84c12b2b))
+  - Export Eip1193Bridge in experimental package. ([1fcf4b6](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/1fcf4b6ce6922d2bcb245375c967da3072f113ed))
+  - Prevent non-typed transactions from unsafely ignoring specified access lists. ([#1364](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1364); [4577444](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/4577444c448f41114263077c5b54fbe6af749fd4))
+  - Update tests for current EIP-2930 support across backends. ([#1364](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1364); [1cb3199](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/1cb3199e5cb01f5a55eb00ab6c7904606d7ea1dd))
+  - Removed underscore from the JsonRpcBatchProvider name. ([#62](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/62), [#656](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/656), [#892](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/892); [ae0d5eb](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/ae0d5eb7c2e37a003d893671db59c2d5719aea0f))
+  - Added better error detection when pre-EIP-155 transactions are disabled. ([b8df000](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/b8df000c8f0ccd252b6049ac5a32a986d5a8e08d))
+  - Fix Android React Native environment shims which crash on normalizing Korean test. ([#1298](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1298); [eb1ec2f](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/eb1ec2f2318e2851073ea1634e5003cdb53f1c1b))
+  - Fixed EIP-2930 transactions for EtherscanProvider. ([#1364](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1364); [b655089](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/b65508995ce7d02f109a970ebeb625819beb915a))
+  - Re-enable AlchemyProvider Berlin tests. ([bec066b](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/bec066bcb5ab8b95a7e7ce4848d7b76d7f248ccc))
+  - Added experimental _JsonRpcBatchProvider. ([#62](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/62), [#656](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/656), [#892](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/892); [d55ab6d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/d55ab6d4e6025c484cc7e64486d927bd54a0772b))
+  - Cache JsonRpcProvider requests for certain methods per event loop. ([#1371](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1371); [1a7c4e8](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/1a7c4e89efecc2b8afc8bea4c1f8f75fdaac08c5))
+
+ethers/v5.1.0 (2021-03-30 14:44)
+--------------------------------
+
+  - Added BigNumber.toBigInt method. ([#1415](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1415); [81fd628](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/81fd628292b7dde90fe5115074fa68476a872dbf))
+  - Abstracted Contract with BaseContract without meta-class properties for easier extensions. ([#1384](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1384); [87ceaed](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/87ceaed4be21283619da74678cf371c228c918b7))
+  - Fixed Contract properties that collide with null member properties. ([#1393](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1393); [0e1721b](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/0e1721b13084dacf63089e47116f7d5331be4f36))
+  - Added EIP-2930 support. ([#1364](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1364); [c47d2eb](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/c47d2eba4dc741eb5cb754c3ef5064b8ea7ac7cc))
+  - Added abstraction for EIP-2718 support. ([1db4ce1](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/1db4ce12d49e235a7155de24ee153f409e7e7370))
+
+ethers/v5.0.32 (2021-03-07 18:17)
 ---------------------------------

-  - Added Linea Sepolia network and Infura endpoint ([#4655](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4655); [b4aaab8](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/b4aaab8d39fe47f8a1a296fa442f0856f84faf03)).
-  - Do not send unsubscribe messages to destroyed Providers ([#4678](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4678); [c45935e](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/c45935e29ca0dd1ecdf1277fa1107246041be580)).
-  - Get definitive network from InfuraProvider when using InfuraWebSocketProvider ([38e32d8](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/38e32d82145eb289e5179f9b6b11f4a9225a7022)).
-  - Better error messages for transaction field mismatch ([#4659](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4659); [9230aa0](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/9230aa0b9a88b5241915a8d6afa8a522d35abd5d)).
-  - Added prevRandao to block ([#3372](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3372); [ec6a754](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/ec6a754f0c8647dae59c73b2589225cb200d83dd)).
-  - Added Polygon Amoy testnet ([#4645](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4645); [1717abb](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/1717abbf29a14a6f6b106e479fe9a5b1f8768dc4)).
-  - Added Chainstack provider ([#2741](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2741); [014004d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/014004d9402d7fd8c15553792cfb7a8a84ed327a)).
-  - Added deep convertion to Result for toObject and toArray ([#4681](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4681); [03bfe2a](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/03bfe2a4f7b29b15cd90127974b7fc1d8b03edf9)).
-  - Added EIP-4844 broadcast support ([92bad88](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/92bad88261a5d8a538535a7d5528162fe5010527)).
-  - Fix ignored throttle parameters ([#4663](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4663); [12772e9](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/12772e9498b70f8538838f30e16f3792ea90e173)).
+  - Bumped TypeScript to 4.2.2. ([#1288](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1288); [b2ecffb](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/b2ecffb0c8d44c8ee65199e7866dc744abae4e6e))
+  - Fixed shims from not displaying debug information. ([a953f71](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/a953f717523a844a3a45810a5acc6630383884d3))
+  - Force TypedData numbers to be in decimal. ([#1193](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1193); [c5a53d6](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/c5a53d6911d7c41dd03a290b550e80f2919e9379))

-ethers/v6.11.1 (2024-02-14 13:13)
+ethers/v5.0.31 (2021-02-12 19:04)
 ---------------------------------

-  - Throw an error when attempting to derive from a master path from a non-master node ([#4551](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4551); [556fdd9](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/556fdd91d9b6bf7db4041bb099e66b2080e1a985)).
-  - Allow ENS wildcards with labels up to 255 bytes wide; discussed with ENS and deemed safe ([#4543](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4543); [7f14bde](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/7f14bdebf1aef6760462a1c2437c31f002b984fe)).
-  - Enforce string is passed to toUtf8Bytes ([#4583](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4583); [f45bb87](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/f45bb87aefaf2c6c3a4991f6e30a81c227ae83c0)).
-  - Fix transaction.index not being populated on some backends ([#4591](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4591); [7f0e140](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/7f0e140d5e3925a42e8bb2ac9eb1ba3fbd939864)).
+  - Prevent unhandled rejections when passing nullish into Contract constructor. ([#1234](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1234); [d937668](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/d937668dc1d39cc293f64bbd30b99b29614d1607))
+  - Better error messaging when provider backends give bogus responses. ([#1243](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1243); [8279120](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/8279120e0ad1cbb7aeabd32c08e168a4228abbec))
+  - Prevent unconfigured ENS names from making an init tx. ([#1290](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1290); [243beff](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/243beffa4f83c910f5f1c5e0554531e5dcf3ab93))

-ethers/v6.11.0 (2024-02-08 20:26)
+ethers/v5.0.30 (2021-02-08 15:22)
 ---------------------------------

-  - Allow transaction encoding for inferred type transactions ([f02211d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/f02211d055567b51373b5faa2c3dc6efe0523618)).
-  - Added EIP-4788, receipts root and state root fields to Block ([#4570](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4570); [c5f126f](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/c5f126faf7d826b6a99df0ee578ff3d0ef409381)).
-  - Added EIP-4844 fields to Provider classes and formatter ([#4570](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4570); [7b4f2c1](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/7b4f2c1a74db411829b5e8ef758bfa2ee21e5890)).
-  - Assert BrowserProvider receives an EIP-1193 provider to fail early when passing undefined ethereum object ([b69f43b](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/b69f43bc6f35da881ca7a0c8ccc5fda92edd076d)).
-  - Add timeout to ContractTransactionResponse wait ([#4497](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4497); [095de51](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/095de51e605a9b88576e5e34fd55a6e32befa4eb)).
-  - Allow override keyword in human-readable ABI and improve error messages ([#4514](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4514), [#4548](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4548); [be5ec2d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/be5ec2d327a503b2e5fc0f37c47eee9e828f8e23)).
-  - Expand Contract sub-class to accept BaseContract super-class constructor arguments ([#4538](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4538); [98496bc](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/98496bc48ec23ce0d9c21d3c6c87e5b1b796a610)).
-  - Allow network for default provider to be null to select mainnet ([#4501](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4501); [b6bf7ab](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/b6bf7aba62fb38839cd01858432b801cc5c28a11)).
-  - Allow long dnsEncode names with optional length parameter ([#4543](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4543); [a136348](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/a1363483a56b0dee342595c8f44ed8fcce7ecca9)).
-  - Fix parseLog signature when receiving read-only array for topics ([#4029](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4029), [#4459](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4459); [20cd8a2](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/20cd8a23eaf8e8a14e2b51f7f64da4cb3e32fccb)).
-  - Use Secure endpoints for BNB on Etherscan ([#4525](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4525); [1f6e188](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/1f6e1882515195bd67f0bce9fe347ec05107324b)).
-  - Added holesky network and related end-points for supporting providers ([c6e6c43](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/c6e6c432574a0b7e55c300ab3e470aafdace28b3)).
-  - Added EIP-4844 BLOb transactions ([#4554](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4554); [9c1e82e](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/9c1e82e1230526ebcd62902890c4f24b1f7f7d79)).
-  - Normalize EIP-712 types before computing the payload ([#4541](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4541); [56c1361](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/56c1361ee83db8b68859caf0850c95ff70e7e306)).
-  - Updated thrid-part provider URLs for QuickNode ([2b4891d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/2b4891d86e72e849079cb1dc98b18e158b0c0620)).
-  - Fixed normalization and abstracted EIP-712 Array parsing ([#4541](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4541); [8f99601](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/8f99601df1f26a8ba4d6d9dea5e033e7f688107e)).
-  - Updated third-party provider network URLs ([#4542](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4542); [84ca14f](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/84ca14f1ffc5afbdd7f4c26a9b734ec5951eee3c)).
-  - Added additional sepolia testnets ([4efef76](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/4efef76e8cab0acaf1b2ba231a0148f9381bb1ee)).
-  - Fix EIP-712 type aliases for uint and int ([#4541](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4541); [43fb9c2](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/43fb9c233696aeaa80b1c2b0e5fafce90e0ad508)).
-  - Fixed typo in Error string ([#4539](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4539); [7882905](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/78829050853093bc5291ae78fc5a904044759aa0)).
-  - Better debugging output on fetch errors ([bee07a0](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/bee07a0750b448a9d13c2d57014bcf27f43e2ed7)).
+  - When in Status trigger personal_sign instead of eth_sign. ([#1285](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1285); [73e9434](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/73e94349de94d2969ccb21c834119525ddfcb961))
+  - Bump elliptic version for CVE-2020-28498. ([#1284](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1284); [796954f](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/796954f8807b0c464c7baa8f7ff299e22685e192))

-ethers/v6.10.0 (2024-01-12 19:46)
+ethers/v5.0.29 (2021-02-03 14:36)
 ---------------------------------

-  - Limit decoded result imflation ratio from ABI-encoded data ([#4537](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4537); [1b4debd](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/1b4debd4a9e61d171bfc60590116facb8bdbd2da)).
+  - Fixed typos in JSON ABI formatting. ([#1275](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1275); [73b31b3](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/73b31b371fa47bacc4f5f6bed01d0d1e5d66fa2c))

-ethers/v6.9.2 (2024-01-02 19:12)
+ethers/v5.0.28 (2021-02-02 17:12)
+---------------------------------
+
+  - Added load balancer support to PocketProvider. ([#1052](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1052); [27a981c](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/27a981c84b578feb762fdb37dd5325d9c335bd59))
+
+ethers/v5.0.27 (2021-02-01 15:55)
+---------------------------------
+
+  - Added support for networks with slightly incorrect EIP-658 implementations. ([#952](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/952), [#1251](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1251); [e727efc](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/e727efc33eaa31c3af6adbb64a893caf354d0ba7))
+  - Added Pocket network to the default provider. ([#1030](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1030), [#1052](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1052); [4af2c19](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/4af2c19f455bb43406d3cc5421c3b3fdda75f78f))
+  - Added TypeScript declaration maps. ([#401](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/401); [3396846](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/3396846a30a4be0ed58fe449589e7e4e54f3d32e))
+
+ethers/v5.0.26 (2021-01-13 14:47)
+---------------------------------
+
+  - Fixed abundant UnhandledRejectErrors in provider polling. ([#1084](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1084), [#1208](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1208), [#1221](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1221), [#1235](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1235); [74470de](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/74470defda5170338735bbbe676c207cdd5cc1cf), [20f6e16](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/20f6e16394909a43498c1ac6c73152957bd121bd))
+  - Fixed non-checksum address comparisons in abstract Signer. ([#1236](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1236); [8175c83](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/8175c83026436b6335800780ca12b7257e1b490f))
+
+ethers/v5.0.25 (2021-01-08 03:31)
+---------------------------------
+
+  - Safety check on digest length for signing. ([20335e9](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/20335e96c2429e851081b72031ea3fd4cd677904))
+  - Fixed listenerCount for contract when requesting for all events. ([#1205](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1205); [a56a0a3](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/a56a0a33366ea9276fba5bc45f1e4678dd723fa6))
+  - Lock package versions for the ESM builds. ([#1009](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1009); [0e6cc9a](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/0e6cc9a9a8ebceae4529ccbb7c107618eb54490a))
+
+ethers/v5.0.24 (2020-12-08 01:43)
+---------------------------------
+
+  - Fixed EIP-712 getPayload dropping EIP712Domain from types for JSON-RPC calls. ([#687](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/687); [d3b1ac0](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/d3b1ac046aaf2a46f6c3efbd93c55adb0cb8f16d))
+  - Remvoed dead files. ([70c2b1b](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/70c2b1b3002f44c39f4fd87fc2cfc3f5dc6555ed))
+
+ethers/v5.0.23 (2020-11-25 15:25)
+---------------------------------
+
+  - Fix BigNumber when passed something with a length property. ([#1172](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1172); [45a2902](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/45a2902874e828a16396a253548bcb00bceccf95))
+
+ethers/v5.0.22 (2020-11-23 19:16)
+---------------------------------
+
+  - Added directory to repo field for each package. ([799896a](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/799896ac13cce857ce0124d2fb480f5d1eed114c))
+  - Add ABI coder function to compute default values. ([#1101](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1101); [a8e3380](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/a8e3380ed547b6368be5fe40b48be6e31b5cdd93))
+  - Fix for new versions of Geth which return formatted data on revert rather than standard data. ([#949](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/949); [4a8d579](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/4a8d579dcaf026d0c232e20176605d34cba4767d))
+  - Addd missing sideEffects flag to some packages. ([20defec](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/20defec9f1683487b6ea9c8730d2ab7b3745bfa5))
+  - Allow base-10 to be passed into BigNumbner.toString and improve errors for other radices. ([#1164](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1164); [c8bb77d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/c8bb77d8af85d2f9f9df82f1afbe7516ab296e98), [fbbe4ad](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/fbbe4ad638e06089cdd976a7f4ffd51b85a31558))
+  - Allow private keys to Wallet to omit the 0x prefix. ([#1166](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1166); [29f6c34](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/29f6c34343d75fa42023bdcd07632f49a450570c))
+
+ethers/v5.0.21 (2020-11-19 18:52)
+---------------------------------
+
+  - Force address to use bignumber package with base36 private functions. ([#1163](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1163); [c9e5480](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/c9e548071e9ed03e3b12f40f0be779c16422a73f))
+  - Remove stray console.log in hardware wallets. ([#1136](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1136); [cc63e61](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/cc63e61f73d530c28655f9421506a25fc0a49df0))
+  - Added some funding links for the sponsor button. ([2816850](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/2816850716d4bf2b458f1db4e0c7a5dc09fb14f7))
+  - Remove invalid pkg.module reference. ([#1133](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1133); [cddc258](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/cddc258c963ab63de426b89ef190b83aefe6f6cd))
+
+ethers/v5.0.20 (2020-11-17 20:32)
+---------------------------------
+
+  - Fix browser ws alias for WebSockets. ([02546b9](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/02546b9401d8066135b4453da917f7ef49c95ad8))
+  - Fixing React Native tests. ([f10977a](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/f10977ab35f953c3148d99b61799788f47d2a5a2), [fff72ef](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/fff72ef369f5420bf8283b0808e8fec71f26dd2b))
+  - Refactoring dist build process. ([4809325](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/4809325bee9cbdd269b099d7b12b218f441ac840), [22bd0c7](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/22bd0c76dddef7134618ec70ac1b084a054e616e), [8933467](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/8933467c01b64ead547d7c136f22f3c05c85ca1f))
+
+ethers/v5.0.19 (2020-10-22 21:55)
+---------------------------------
+
+  - Allow 0x as a numeric value for 0 in Provider formatter. ([#1104](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1104); [fe17a29](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/fe17a295816214d063f3d6bd4f3273e0ce0c3eac))
+  - Use POST for long requests in EtherscanProvider. ([#1093](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1093); [28f60d5](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/28f60d5ef83665541c8c1b432f8e173d73cb8227))
+  - Added verifyTypedData for EIP-712 typed data. ([#687](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/687); [550ecf2](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/550ecf2f25b90f6d8996583489a218dbf2306ebc), [a21202c](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/a21202c66b392ec6f91296d66551dffca742cf0a))
+
+ethers/v5.0.18 (2020-10-19 01:26)
+---------------------------------
+
+  - Fix signTypedData call for JsonRpcSigner. ([#687](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/687); [15a90af](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/15a90af5be75806e26f589f0a3f3687c0fb1c672))
+  - Added EIP-712 test cases. ([#687](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/687); [1589353](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/15893537c3d9c92fe8748a3e9617d133d1d5d6a7))
+  - Initial Signer support for EIP-712 signed typed data. ([#687](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/687); [be4e216](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/be4e2164e64dfa0697561763e8079120a485a566))
+  - Split hash library files up. ([3e676f2](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/3e676f21b00931ed966f4561e4f28792a1f8f154))
+  - Added EIP-712 multi-dimensional array support. ([#687](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/687); [5a4dd5a](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/5a4dd5a70377d3e86823d279d6ff466d03767644))
+  - Consolidated TypedDataEncoder methods. ([#687](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/687); [345a830](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/345a830dc4bc869d5f3edfdc27465797e7663055))
+  - Initial EIP-712 utilities. ([#687](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/687); [cfa6dec](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/cfa6dec29314fe485df283974612d40550bc4179))
+  - Added initial PocketProvider. ([#1052](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1052); [a62d20d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/a62d20d86f2d545b9a7bcda5418993790b7db91c))
+
+ethers/v5.0.17 (2020-10-07 20:08)
+---------------------------------
+
+  - Better error message for parseUnits of non-strings. ([#981](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/981); [5abc2f3](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/5abc2f36e20eef79a935961f3dd8133b5528d9e5))
+  - Add gzip support to AlchemyProivder and InfuraProvider fetching. ([#1085](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1085); [38a068b](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/38a068bcea3f251c8f3a349a90fcb077a39d23ad))
+  - Add gzip support to getUrl in node. ([#1085](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1085); [65772a8](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/65772a8e1a55d663bdb67e3a2b160fecc9f986ef))
+  - Added CommunityResourcable to mark Providers as highly throttled. ([a022093](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/a022093ce03f55db7ba2cac36e365d1af39ac45b))
+  - Added debug event info to WebSocketProvider. ([#1018](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1018); [8e682cc](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/8e682cc8481c6051a6f8115b29d78f4996120ccd))
+
+ethers/v5.0.16 (2020-10-05 15:44)
+---------------------------------
+
+  - ABI encoding performance additions. ([#1012](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1012); [f3e5b0d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/f3e5b0ded1b227a377fd4799507653c95c76e353))
+  - Export hexConcat in utils. ([#1079](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1079); [3d051e4](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/3d051e454db978f58c7b38ff4484096c3eb85b94))
+  - Cache chain ID for WebSocketProvider. ([#1054](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1054); [40264ff](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/40264ff9006156ba8441e6101e5a7149a5cf03f6))
+
+ethers/v5.0.15 (2020-09-26 03:22)
+---------------------------------
+
+  - Add more accurate intrinsic gas cost to ABI calls with specified gas property. ([#1058](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1058); [f0a5869](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/f0a5869c53475e55a5f47d8651f609fff45dc9a7))
+  - Better errors for unconfigured ENS names. ([#1066](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1066); [5cd1668](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/5cd1668e0d29099c5b7ce1fdc1d0e8a41af1a249))
+  - Updated CLI solc to versin 0.7.1. ([4306b35](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/4306b3563a171baa9d7bf4872475a13c3434f834))
+
+ethers/v5.0.14 (2020-09-16 02:39)
+---------------------------------
+
+  - More robust blockchain error detection ([#1047](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1047); [49f7157](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/49f71574f4799d685a5ae8fd24fe1134f752d70a))
+  - Forward blockchain errors from Signer during gas estimation. ([#1047](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1047); [9ee685d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/9ee685df46753c46cbbde12d05d6ea04f2b5ea3f))
+  - Improve fetch errors with looser mime-type detection. ([#1047](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1047); [263bfe5](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/263bfe5ce632790e0399d06a0ab660a501997998))
+
+ethers/v5.0.13 (2020-09-11 02:10)
+---------------------------------
+
+  - Force content-length in web fetching. ([be92339](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/be923396962ea76bf0fb566dcf8801e58ccf0e7e))
+  - Better error forwarding from FallbackProvider. ([#1021](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1021); [bc3eeec](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/bc3eeeca39adb734f24019d0e942eff2eac6ad4d))
+  - Add clamping functions to FixedNumber. ([#1037](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1037); [042b74e](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/042b74e6ee648d4fa37bf674194273d8f4483bfb))
+
+ethers/v5.0.12 (2020-09-07 19:54)
+---------------------------------
+
+  - Allow events to use compact bytes ABI coded data for Solidity 0.4 external events. ([#891](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/891), [#992](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/992); [4e394fc](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/4e394fc68019445ae4b4e201e41f95d6793dbe92))
+
+ethers/v5.0.11 (2020-09-05 23:51)
+---------------------------------
+
+  - Synced unorm in shims to most recent version. ([bdccf7b](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/bdccf7b8d352ba400317266a0a37e6e290633e3c))
+  - Fixed LedgerSigner sendTransaction. ([#936](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/936); [cadb28d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/cadb28d6b364e68e43a06f7a9b8a31797afbd920))
+  - Added BrainWallet to experimental exports. ([72385c2](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/72385c228783a3158511b3cddc5cb4f9ce1dddae))
+  - More readable server errors. ([201e5ce](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/201e5ced9c38da2de1dd7518ffbf24284d477e80))
+
+ethers/v5.0.10 (2020-09-05 01:21)
+---------------------------------
+
+  - Added retry logic to provider tests. ([0558bba](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/0558bba8eb1b783ef50bb37bcf4c9bae1f86f1e1), [35b64b9](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/35b64b9a65e2c09ecb63b0eca712b45a3092c204), [681f2a5](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/681f2a50b26d7954795dba5aec55bede4740e494))
+  - Fixed link in docs. ([#1028](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1028); [2359a98](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/2359a98641d99b26cf88ec892e3601a8a2c81c9c))
+  - Added memory-like support and new opcodes to asm. ([6fd3bb6](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/6fd3bb62d10eab1563dc4ddbd88732b4f484ec7a))
+  - Added basic ENS resolver functions for contenthash, text and multi-coin addresses. ([#1003](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1003); [83db8a6](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/83db8a6bd1364458dcfeea544de707df41890b4e))
+  - Added support for changing Reporter logging function. ([d01d0c8](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/d01d0c8448df40de52253f9e92889ab7e75c6a97))
+  - Initial React Native test harness. ([#993](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/993); [57eb5b7](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/57eb5b777e2c67f1f8d74e41d3413e9f0564528d), [d3b473e](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/d3b473e7c738fdfc65b6f1c8f80bcdacf9827d8a))
+  - Updating shims for constrained environments. ([#944](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/944), [#993](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/993); [8abdbbb](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/8abdbbbf633f96fde2346c4ae70e538895fd7829), [240aac5](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/240aac568303deff14cbb2366b94c8c89cacefc1))
+
+ethers/v5.0.9 (2020-08-25 01:45)
 --------------------------------

-  - Fix Base58 padding for string representation of binary data ([#4527](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4527); [ccac24a](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/ccac24a5b0a4d07a4b639c1c4d0a44703e32d418)).
+  - Updated docs for all packages on npm pages. ([#1013](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1013); [cb8f4a3](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/cb8f4a3a4e378a749c6bbbddf46d8d79d35722cc))
+  - Added JSON support to BigNumber. ([#1010](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1010); [8facc1a](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/8facc1a5305b1f699aa3afc5a0a692abe7927652))
+  - Updated packages for security audit. ([5b5904e](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/5b5904ea9977ecf8c079a57593b627553f0126a0))
+  - Fix emitted error for ABI code array count mismatch. ([#1004](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1004); [b0c082d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/b0c082d728dc66b0f2a5ec315da44d6295716284))

-ethers/v6.9.1 (2023-12-19 04:53)
+ethers/v5.0.8 (2020-08-04 20:55)
 --------------------------------

-  - Fix uncatchable issue when sending transactions over JSON-RPC and provide some retry-recovery for missing v ([#4513](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4513); [1802215](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/180221574c5d2af9ad85404af4fab8752d3d5029)).
+  - Abstract fetchJson for data. ([e2d6f28](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/e2d6f281d5a2bd749bc72549a4e55f2c752a7bd8), [2c49a52](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/2c49a52a41a30ae844376561de95f0c851d19f73), [e1bbb06](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/e1bbb064a10d0b4bf5563e0a79396665d83935a1))

-ethers/v6.9.0 (2023-11-27 06:15)
+ethers/v5.0.7 (2020-07-20 02:22)
 --------------------------------

-  - Use provider-specified suggested priority fee when available, otherwise fallback onto existing logic of 1 gwei ([#4463](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4463); [f8f11c7](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/f8f11c754aa2c9b541db73d3bde66a8ffa5146f0)).
-  - Add auto-detected static network support to providers and allow customizing socket provider options ([#4199](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4199), [#4418](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4418), [#4441](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4441); [4681b83](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/4681b83d516ab2eb41ddb68b5021c97e14c6f2cf)).
-  - Added Base network to AlchemyProvider ([#4384](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4384); [9e74d14](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/9e74d14432e6efebdff21b9a7d2e6143af55e143)).
-  - Fixed ParamType formatting causing bad tuple full and minimal ABI output ([#4329](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4329), [#4479](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4479); [2b67488](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/2b6748815169abf2c99a647131875c13b8b6a787)).
-  - Adjust for provider config weight when kicking off a request in FallbackProvider ([#4298](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4298); [da34e35](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/da34e3569e95357d9469209d926cb645f0750bfa)).
-  - More robust FallbackProvider broadcast ([#4186](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4186), [#4297](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4297), [#4442](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4442); [e2485b8](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/e2485b8ef927d18c7a15d2d29b3b0feffec9991a)).
-  - Added safe and finalized provider events ([#3921](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3921); [a92766e](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/a92766e56ad04185625037d84fc28adaac7fae8c)).
+  - Fix Logger setLogLevel with enum case mismatch. ([#947](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/947); [5443363](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/5443363de43e92de712e72d55165c3f4d7f652e9), [af10705](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/af10705632bc1f8203ea50ea7ed3120b01c67122))
+  - Removed UUID dependency from json-wallets. ([#966](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/966); [e3f7426](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/e3f7426af4d6d7e43db322700d768216b06433e0))
+  - Removed unnecessary dependency from BigNumber. ([#951](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/951); [78b350b](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/78b350bbc5ea73561bf47038743b9e51049496f7))

-ethers/v6.8.1 (2023-11-01 16:08)
+ethers/v5.0.6 (2020-07-16 05:54)
 --------------------------------

-  - Fixed typo in error description when converting values to arrays ([#4427](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4427), [#4446](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4446); [8fed2f8](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/8fed2f84768ace4bf3e5742c931a74841da7c637)).
-  - Fix invalid token nonpayable being included in formatted constructor ([#4412](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4412); [2e0bd90](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/2e0bd90744b8e76fcf03f75a66cb0061d50f7bd9)).
-  - Add ENS support for Sepolia ([#4422](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4422); [1da50ae](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/1da50ae286da01e58a70bb8df8aa5cc5d260e33e)).
+  - Removed unnecessary dependency from BigNumber. ([#951](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/951); [78b350b](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/78b350bbc5ea73561bf47038743b9e51049496f7))
+  - Longer Etherscan throttle slot interval. ([9f20258](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/9f20258d5d39cd901d2078275323071eb0f3505b))
+  - Fixed ENS overrides for the default provider. ([#959](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/959); [63dd3d4](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/63dd3d4682b564445948988243fa9139c598587b))
+  - Added Retry-After support and adjustable slot interval to fetchJson. ([7d43545](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/7d435453039f009b339d835ddee47e35a843711b))
+  - Added initial throttling support. ([#139](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/139), [#904](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/904), [#926](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/926); [88c7eae](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/88c7eaed061ae9a6798733a97e4e87011d36b8e7))
+  - Use status code 1000 on WebSocket hangup for compatibility. ([588f64c](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/588f64c760ee49bfb5109bfbaafb4beafe41c52a))
+  - Updated WebSocketProvider to use web-style event listener API. ([57fd6f0](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/57fd6f06047a1a2a3a46fe8b23ff585293a40062))
+  - Normalize formatUnits to simplified decimals. ([79b1da1](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/79b1da130be50df80c7e5aeb221edc5669fc211e))
+  - Prevent zero-padding on Solidity type lengths. ([e128bfc](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/e128bfcd10e006c920532151598700ca33a2127e))
+  - Set sensible defaults for INFURA and AlchemyAPI getWebSocketProvider methods. ([e3d3e60](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/e3d3e604f299edbafe7d0721c0a3eff5f67c83f4))
+  - Added logger assert methods. ([619a888](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/619a8888ebe08de9956f60c16703fb3543aeacc4))
+  - Added initial code coverage testing. ([0c1d55b](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/0c1d55b6dc9c725c86e849d13b911c8bace9821d))
+  - Added destroy to WebSocketProvider. ([d0a79c6](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/d0a79c6a1362e12f6f102e4af99adfef930092db))
+  - Updated packages (security updates). ([c660176](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/c6601769ada64832b1ce392680a30cb145c3cab9))

-ethers/v6.8.0 (2023-10-10 22:42)
+ethers/v5.0.5 (2020-07-07 23:18)
 --------------------------------

-  - Replicated former ENS normalize behaviour for empty strings and update namehash testcases ([125ff11](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/125ff1189b9cefb8abfd7da9c104c75e382a50cc)).
-  - Initial shortMessage support for errors ([#4241](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4241); [d6a8c14](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/d6a8c14d907cf8b90347444c0186b83a5db2e293)).
-  - Fixed resolving ENS addresses used as from parameters ([#3961](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3961); [2616f4c](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/2616f4c30c82bd45449b73fa37ef269d60a07d80)).
-  - Merge: 9a4b7534 0c9c23b0     Merge branch 'v5.8-progress' ([cd5f0fe](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/cd5f0fe03f2137fbc47e295f8db38a5151111e72)).
-  - Allow more loose input format for RLP encoder ([#4402](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4402); [9a4b753](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/9a4b7534458fc79a0654b0eb57fc956bffa02a2f)).
-  - Update to latest noble crypto libraries ([#3975](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3975); [b27faa0](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/b27faa02ac8f90e2e54b188e8139c59d98c469e3)).
-  - More robust configuration options for FetchRequest getUrl functions ([#4353](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4353); [9541f2f](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/9541f2f70cd7f5c6f3caf93f5a3d5e34eae5281a)).
-  - Ignore blockTag when calling Etherscan if it is the default block tag ([dcea9b3](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/dcea9b353619d85878ad2ba340ae17e5c285d558)).
+  - Fixed splitSignature when recoveryParam is encoded directly. ([#893](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/893), [#933](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/933); [bf65ddb](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/bf65ddbff0036f6eb8e99c145f30edff157687f5))
+  - Fixed BigNumber string validation. ([#935](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/935); [7e56f3d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/7e56f3d392e52815c5c859772b99660e0fc38ef5))

-ethers/v6.7.1 (2023-08-15 03:08)
+ethers/v5.0.4 (2020-07-04 23:46)
 --------------------------------

-  - Prevent destroyed providers from emitting network detection errors ([7d41730](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/7d4173049edc3b4ff2de1971c3ecca3b08588651)).
-  - Fix VSCode reported lint issues ([#4153](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4153), [#4156](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4156), [#4158](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4158), [#4159](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4159); [4eb84da](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/4eb84da865a82a27c5113c38102b6b710096958e), [203dfc3](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/203dfc33b9c8e72c9cdfe0a349ac763ef17a4484)).
-  - Add gasPrice to Polygon feeData for type 0 and type 1 legacy transactions ([#4315](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4315); [0df3ab9](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/0df3ab93137039de1e1986bbfe9a5b32ceffa8a4)).
+  - Prevent negative exponents in BigNumber. ([#925](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/925); [84e253f](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/84e253f3f9674b52fa2a17b097644e91e6474021))
+  - Fixed StaticJsonRpcProvider when auto-detecting network. ([#901](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/901); [0fd9aa5](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/0fd9aa5cb6f4a3f9c1bea9b4eeee389700db01fa))
+  - Added WebSocket static method to Alchemy provider and updated Alchemy URLs. ([4838874](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/48388741272df8569315637f21df7c6519f79e2e))

-ethers/v6.7.0 (2023-08-02 23:52)
+ethers/v5.0.3 (2020-06-29 00:50)
 --------------------------------

-  - Fixed receipt wait not throwing on reverted transactions ([25fef4f](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/25fef4f8d756f5bbf5a2a05e38233248a8eb43ac)).
-  - Added custom priority fee to Optimism chain (via telegram) ([ff80b04](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/ff80b04f31da21496e72d3687cecd1c01efaecc5)).
-  - Add context to Logs that fail decoding due to ABI issues to help debugging ([f3c46f2](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/f3c46f22994d194ff78b3b176407b2ecb7af1c77)).
-  - Added new exports for FallbackProviderOptions and FetchUrlFeeDataNetworkPlugin ([#2828](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2828), [#4160](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4160); [b1dbbb0](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/b1dbbb0de3f10a3d9e12d6a84ad5c52bea25c7f6)).
-  - Allow overriding pollingInterval in JsonRpcProvider constructor (via discord) ([f42f258](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/f42f258beb305a06e563ad16522f095a72da32eb)).
-  - Fixed FallbackProvider priority sorting ([#4150](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4150); [78538eb](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/78538eb100addd135d29e60c9fa4fed3946278fa)).
-  - Added linea network to InfuraProvider and Network ([#4184](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4184), [#4190](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4190); [d3e5e2c](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/d3e5e2c45b28c377f306091acfc024e30c49ef20)).
-  - Added whitelist support to getDefaultProvider ([82bb936](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/82bb936542e29c6441ac8dc2d3ebbdd4edb708ee)).
-  - Add Polygon RPC endpoints to the default provider ([#3689](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3689); [23704a9](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/23704a9c44d5857817e138fb19d44ce2103ca005)).
-  - Added customizable quorum to FallbackProvider ([#4160](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4160); [8f0a509](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/8f0a50921a12a866addcf5b0fabc576bfc287689)).
-  - Added basic Gas Station support via a NetworkPlugin ([#2828](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2828); [229145d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/229145ddf566a962517588eaeed155734c7d4598)).
-  - Add BNB URLs to EtherscanProvider networks ([ec39abe](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/ec39abe067259fad4ea8607a6c5aece61890eb41)).
-  - Added tests for JSON format ([#4248](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4248); [ba36079](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/ba36079a285706694532ce726568c4c447acad47)).
-  - Use empty string for unnamed parameters in JSON output instead of undefined ([#4248](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4248); [8c2652c](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/8c2652c8cb4d054207d89688d30930869d9d3f8b)).
-  - Return undefined for Contract properties that do not exist instead of throwing an error ([#4266](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4266); [5bf7b34](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/5bf7b3494ed62952fc387b4368a0bdc86dfe163e)).
+  - Fixed typo in error string. ([7fe702d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/7fe702d59b0b81d2812e407b99a1e98e0e18ba03))
+  - Updated elliptic package to address possible malleability issue; which should not affect Ethereum. ([9e14345](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/9e1434503e2a0280e9918c4eadb4d972b062b3b0))
+  - Fixed FixedNumber unguarded constructor and added isZero. ([#898](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/898); [08c74e9](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/08c74e9a132f37ab8cc3fb5dab3bd1fd708ee702))
+  - Added StaticJsonRpcProvider for reducing calls to chainId in certain cases. ([#901](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/901); [c53864d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/c53864de0af55dd8ec8ca5681e78da380d85250a))
+  - Allow getDefaultProvider to accept a URL as a network. ([8c1ff4c](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/8c1ff4c862b8cecb04c98d71910870e0b73867a0))
+  - Make network an optional parameter to WebSocketProvider. ([987b535](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/987b5354cc18ed41620c43910ac163f358d91b5d))
+  - Removed deprecated errors package. ([f9e9347](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/f9e9347e69133354c3d65c1f47475ddac8a793cf))
+  - Updated badges in docs. ([d00362e](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/d00362eb706cfbf9911611e8d934260061cfbbd2))
+  - Create security policy. Create security policy. ([88e6849](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/88e68495b67d9268ee66362b08c9b691d03ab58a))

-ethers/v6.6.7 (2023-07-28 14:50)
+ethers/v5.0.2 (2020-06-13 21:36)
 --------------------------------

-  - Prevent malformed logs from preventing other logs being decoded ([#4275](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4275); [0dca645](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/0dca645632d73488bf6ad460e0d779361a537bbe)).
-  - Allow visibility on human-readable constructors ([#4278](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4278); [3a52201](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/3a52201fe2ba68a00105cca2c0901da5ffa18d6b)).
+  - Allow provider.ready to stall until the network is available. ([#882](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/882); [bbb4f40](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/bbb4f407b34782c36ff93fa528e3b9f793987d4a))
+  - Reduce dependencies to squash security issues. ([738d349](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/738d34969d7c2184242b92f78228ba6a8aed1f3a))
+  - Updated admin scripts for publishing prod releases. ([e0e0dbe](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/e0e0dbef1830572c465670b826a7aa2b403ad2e8))

-ethers/v6.6.6 (2023-07-28 01:14)
+ethers/v5.0.1 (2020-06-12 23:09)
 --------------------------------

-  - Better error message when passing invalid overrides object into a contract deployment ([#4182](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4182); [aa2ea3d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/aa2ea3d5296956fd0d40b83888e1ca053bb250ee)).
+  - Fixed embedded package version strings. ([5a69e9c](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/5a69e9caa882aa5f1b44c4453d67cde43254eafe))

-ethers/v6.6.5 (2023-07-24 00:04)
+ethers/v5.0.0 (2020-06-12 19:58)
 --------------------------------

-  - Reflect symbols in the Contract Proxy to target ([#4084](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4048); [ac2f5e5](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/ac2f5e563b8ec0e91a931470eb6ea58b0c01fb3d)).
-  - Allow arrays of address for indexed filter topics ([#4259](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4259); [93af87c](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/93af87c447eeb77090e29bd940612603b3f74026)).
-  - Fixed filter encoding for bytesX ([#4244](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4244); [fa3a883](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/fa3a883ff7c88611ce766f58bdd4b8ac90814470)).
-  - Fix JSON formatting for tuple arrays ([#4237](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4237); [a8bc49b](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/a8bc49bdcf07a51b35f38cf209db27e116cc1a59)).
-  - Better error messages when parsing fragment strings ([#4246](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4246); [e36b6c3](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/e36b6c35b7bc777c9adbe0055b32b31a13185240)).
-  - Include the missing fragment key and args when no matching Contract method or event is present ([#3809](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3809); [450a176](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/450a176ee25f88a2ddb9ff23b153ef70bf1dc546)).
-  - Prevent a single malformed event from preventing other Contract logs; reported on Discord ([b1375f4](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/b1375f4e4463b856855ebc684b45945455ac082e)).
-
-ethers/v6.6.4 (2023-07-16 00:35)
--------------------------------
-
-  - More robust support for Signatures with less standard parameter values ([#3835](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3835), [#4228](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4228); [a7e4048](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/a7e4048fe3b75a743cec8c8ef2a5fad4bdc8b14c)).
-  - Fixed CCIP-read in the EnsResolver ([#4221](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4221); [57f1e1c](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/57f1e1c47148921148e35c10c83539531942923e)).
-  - Skip checking confirmation count if confirms is 0 ([#4229](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4229), [#4242](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4242); [492919d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/492919d14f646c630f29e1596e5564df1e51f309)).
-  - Fixed waiting for confirmations in deployment transactions ([#4212](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4212), [#4230](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4230); [43c253a](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/43c253a402f52a08353c424f6c4e236836cfaf36)).
-
-ethers/v6.6.3 (2023-07-11 20:55)
--------------------------------
-
-  - Throw more desscriptive error for unconfigured ENS name contract targets ([#4213](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4213); [80f62ef](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/80f62efc41c3a29e690af40a1976928b7f886a0e)).
-  - Fixed contract once not running stop callback ([7d061b7](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/7d061b786f72cbfc461bf80d139d10aeff533a6e)).
-
-ethers/v6.6.2 (2023-06-27 23:30)
--------------------------------
-
-  - Wider error detection for call exceptions on certain backends ([#4154](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4154), [#4155](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4155); [9197f9f](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/9197f9f938b5f3b5f97c043f2dab06854656c932)).
-  - Added wider error deetection for JSON-RPC unsupported operation ([#4162](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4162); [1dc8986](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/1dc8986a33be9dce536b24189326cbfaabf1342e)).
-  - Fixed formatUnits and parseUnits for values over 128 bits ([#4037](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4037), [#4133](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4133); [3d141b4](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/3d141b44b528f52b3c9205125b64ce342f91643c)).
-
-ethers/v6.6.1 (2023-06-23 00:35)
--------------------------------
-
-  - Fixed CCIP read in contract calls ([#4043](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4043); [d51e3fb](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/d51e3fbff43c31d88353ac71151626312d22c0b9), [857aa8c](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/857aa8ccc30f25eda8e83dcac3e0ad2c1a5ce2b3)).
-
-ethers/v6.6.0 (2023-06-13 21:42)
--------------------------------
-
-  - Add exports for AbstractProviderOptions and for MulticoinProviderPlugin ([203a759](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/203a759efc65bf6901d3e574a601525ea3936238)).
-  - Add option to adjust perform cache timeout in AbstractProvider ([de0f518](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/de0f5189f695c181a5fa09100af96a691a338e2b)).
-  - Add full support for MultiCoin plugins and automatic detection for EVM-compatible coin types ([#3888](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3888), [#4081](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4081); [84375be](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/84375be92d32a2939cf4a2f713e4c554b5b54a32)).
-  - Allow Interface instances where InterfaceAbi are allowed ([#4142](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4142); [2318005](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/2318005dfd996c8a7c51603d0264ceabe9bb6141)).
-  - Allow Numeric type for decimals in FixedNumber ([#4141](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4141); [9055ef6](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/9055ef6c69291f1a44ea23a2e7b5aaf3140a5577)).
-
-ethers/v6.5.1 (2023-06-07 20:19)
--------------------------------
-
-  - Fix lost promise fulfillment when a batch has an error response ([#4126](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4126); [8dd21f0](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/8dd21f03334ffd3cdb7ac532376d51fd4130c7ab)).
-
-ethers/v6.5.0 (2023-06-06 22:41)
--------------------------------
-
-  - Fix CJS browser bundling ([#4033](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4033); [38ee319](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/38ee3195b0192d8180899fd61308e03fa3a0eb32)).
-  - Fixed type guard for non-Typed instances ([#4087](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4087); [20c3d1b](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/20c3d1b109743e33ab60a75d69bf7ede73b15ce2)).
-  - Add confirmations to TransactionResponse ([#4094](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4094); [bb8685b](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/bb8685b112ce1c689c740d4dbcb358c16fb9b22d)).
-  - Fix stray promises when a node returns invalid results ([#4118](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4118); [3c1bad2](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/3c1bad2fb7ad4a6ff90ff11f3e382fd18e41c800)).
-  - Added support to detect and stop providers spinning on intitial network detection ([#4015](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4015); [f37a52d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/f37a52da28ac130b7f4de52901618320994ea87a)).
-
-ethers/v6.4.2 (2023-06-05 22:41)
--------------------------------
-
-  - Bump ens-normalize version ([#4071](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4071), [#4077](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4077), [#4080](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4080), [#4102](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4102); [c135784](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/c1357847dcdec93d72f28d890f9271d0289ccefd)).
-  - Fix for networks with polling with non-consistent block and filter events ([#4119](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4119); [9b0e992](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/9b0e9920c09577296ec0e2abb3acc3f3299d96c7)).
-
-ethers/v6.4.1 (2023-06-01 17:52)
--------------------------------
-
-  - Fixed AbstractProvider lookupAddress bug ([#4086](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4086); [15ed2f5](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/15ed2f5b32084527961332481c9442a313036a01)).
-  - Fix FixedNumber comparison bug ([#4112](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4112); [d8e9586](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/d8e9586044e888e424b5ead0f6e01f88140dba8a)).
-
-ethers/v6.4.0 (2023-05-18 17:28)
--------------------------------
-
-  - Coerce value into BigInt when checking for value ([83d7f43](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/83d7f43b9ca4b9868a3952510e56b41ea8610baa)).
-  - Better errors when junk passed as Contract target ([#3947](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3947), [#4053](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4053); [219b16d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/219b16dc284b0c6a532c8c49e824d8234f94222b)).
-  - More robust message checking in socket providers ([#4051](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4051); [f58990b](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/f58990b80cfd83579014339315e58663c0aa6ae3)).
-  - More robust defaultProvider start-up when a backend fails on bootstrap ([#3979](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3979); [984f6fa](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/984f6fa155fca08ebec2353c75ee0a0b974e8568)).
-  - Fix Result.map when Array contains zero elements ([#4036](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4036), [#4048](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4048); [2e5935b](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/2e5935b91cff462165a054b33c8b8413f51e3f39)).
-  - Fixed error handling for contracts with receive and non-payable fallback ([6db7458](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/6db7458cf0a09e8e8a2abb712239972ab81dc9df)).
-  - Remove superfluous logging in defaultProvider ([f87f6ef](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/f87f6ef9a01ca399664f9fe106b0a677dba0c8e8)).
-  - Removed superfluous logging ([1bc8b55](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/1bc8b55d502a95c4ae58352bdcfce9e5f9ea72d3)).
-  - Fix receipt gas price when effectiveGasPrice is 0 on testnets ([#4014](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4014); [2b0fe61](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/2b0fe611335432aee334d777a64d8c7827881618)).
-  - Added error event to provider ([#3970](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3970), [#3982](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3982); [af0291c](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/af0291c01639674658f5049343da88a84da763a1)).
-  - Removed superfluous parameters for internal transaction functions ([e848978](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/e8489787585c2e69a23f6cdec6901f22b096aebe)).
-  - More aggresive tree-shaking ([076edad](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/076edad81ef62474f48f2b4c8af0edc6e4fd64f2)).
-  - More flexible static network checking ([#3834](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3834); [7c0465c](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/7c0465c5fb834eba18d4e5535072685bdc1029f0)).
-  - Support transitive dependants that use non-node16 moduleResolution ([#3920](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3920); [df685b1](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/df685b1bd9ad346ee7863beb6c3ca3f4e94932a2)).
-  - Populate any missing log.removed with false ([#3959](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3959); [4e478e6](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/4e478e625d5648f2172631eef5fda5776ee776b0)).
-
-ethers/v6.3.0 (2023-04-06 04:35)
--------------------------------
-
-  - Added support for legacy ABI JSON fragments ([#3932](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3932); [8c5973e](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/8c5973e3a9b8d4d4ed80bdf209d8a0b6cc6b8d6d)).
-  - Add _in_ operator support for contract and contract.filters ([#3901](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3901); [c58ab3a](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/c58ab3a97687e15a3ffe30b038089c5f4b570bb9)).
-  - Fixed TypedData unsigned value range ([#3873](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3873); [a851b24](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/a851b24d0af009ecf277766d2a5f81f9b3e7f9f8)).
-  - Added missing export for getIndexedAccountPath ([#3875](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3875); [356ff2b](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/356ff2becb4f4d3622b281d3825770af5caf71ca)).
-  - Fixed TypedData payloads for JSON-restricted chainId field ([#3836](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3836); [50b74b8](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/50b74b8806ef2064f2764b09f89c7ac75fda3a3c)).
-
-ethers/v6.2.3 (2023-03-27 21:22)
--------------------------------
-
-  - Fixed events when emitted in WebSocketProvider ([#3767](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3767), [#3922](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3922); [ffaafc0](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/ffaafc0ce1cf40d1d76d8d814c9c445057bf6989)).
-
-ethers/v6.2.2 (2023-03-24 00:49)
--------------------------------
-
-  - Fixed FetchRequest when using credentials ([#3897](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3897); [88e8124](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/88e8124c37d377628f9b8abdf140fc07ad06259f)).
-
-ethers/v6.2.1 (2023-03-23 17:33)
--------------------------------
-
-  - Stall block polling bootstrap when the network is down ([#3924](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3924); [603d474](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/603d47496e2b667c15b72f315261d6e299381848)).
-
-ethers/v6.2.0 (2023-03-20 15:53)
--------------------------------
-
-  - Added extra details in the error info field for RPC errors ([30ffa78](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/30ffa78d1441fa033677fa09237fc135a314f373)).
-  - Remove Ankr as a deafult for now as the provided API key is failing ([6e01e54](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/6e01e5448f4a3e2d30288d4c8447db295c3a2e7a)).
-  - Fixed deferred filters after unsafe-eval changes ([#3749](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3749), [#3763](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3763); [2e3802a](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/2e3802a83b8ad2f5a6269d79fbd1c83c9f2d1047)).
-  - Remove use of Function sub-class to address unsafe-eval issues ([#3749](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3749), [#3763](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3763); [7d3af51](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/7d3af512c75b4c24027ec2daef1e9f4c1064194a)).
-  - Added verifyTypedData utility (reported on Farcaster) ([f06a445](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/f06a445247f3b294f9fc805cc8fe0752accb8edc)).
-  - Removed stray logging in IpcProvider ([#3908](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3908), [#3909](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3909); [e11d4c1](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/e11d4c1c20cc5b6fd5803cf9636c4f5bc082dab7)).
-  - Fixed legacy serialization for implicit chainId transactions ([#3898](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3898), [#3899](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3899); [fcf6c8f](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/fcf6c8fcee95ec412aaafba8ec84d5049b077a4e)).
-  - Fix Webpack issue (reported on discord) ([3ad4273](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/3ad4273b8b714bff344ccbfb1eb71ed8a8b7cfa4)).
-  - Fix some bundlers which cannot handle recursive pkg.exports ([#3848](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3848); [6315e78](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/6315e78ea32147653b72ca06f6800f3e2df6ffbf)).
-  - Fixed typo in signature.s error ([#3891](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3891); [47ef3eb](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/47ef3ebde37bfa0c015c258c3d8a6800d751e147)).
-  - Fixed stray unreachable code ([#3890](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3890); [c220fe2](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/c220fe2ea747ccc80cd3c4020e0278e3daf3c4fc)).
-  - Move all wrapping to proper _wrap functions ([#3818](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3818); [02a0aad](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/02a0aad61212c35e8d2723a8ae589989b97dae3e)).
-
-ethers/v6.1.0 (2023-03-07 02:10)
--------------------------------
-
-  - Fixed ethers imported in web workers ([#3856](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3856); [5f2678f](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/5f2678fb059d643638b9cc1dc59cbfc61ce7a7b8)).
-  - Added Sepolia support ([#3863](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3863); [abeaa74](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/abeaa74da04fbe25e837a2ffa7d1e9c1257a5da5)).
-  - Added missing exports ([#3734](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3734); [06aa303](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/06aa30363f88144db672376d39012d7fe3f86c33)).
-  - Allow null values for TypedData domain ([#3623](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3623); [a32af3a](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/a32af3adc104c4b07a45097a4a3725a4ce9e0be6)).
-  - Added listAccounts to JsonRpcProvider ([#3778](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3778); [287d94f](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/287d94fc454d03f1b3086ea98745131cdf40129a)).
-  - Allow BigInt for blockTag ([#3780](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3780); [fe1f04c](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/fe1f04c6e5fb4254a100f492d7dcbdc3cf19a446)).
-  - Fixed typo in error messages ([#3822](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3822), [#3824](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3824); [f1a810d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/f1a810dcb56df54b1e1567f2a59c73500619472f)).
-  - Re-adding definition files to require exports ([#3703](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3703); [76fab92](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/76fab923da33e71e6bb751bb0b5e3ba3faa27ab2)).
-
-ethers/v6.0.8 (2023-02-23 06:30)
--------------------------------
-
-  - Fix matic-mumbai network and include aliases to legacy names ([#3811](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3811); [20bbd12](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/20bbd1281911d31b360f6f5032251c9257943541)).
-  - Fixed getSigner bug ([#3821](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3821); [388edf6](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/388edf6abc168f89f1ca609e9e5b025dc9205add)).
-
-ethers/v6.0.7 (2023-02-23 01:41)
--------------------------------
-
-  - Fixed getContentHash ([#3819](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3819); [b993f7c](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/b993f7c3b6c0e135c460c8b8dc5943215628231a)).
-
-ethers/v6.0.6 (2023-02-22 21:53)
--------------------------------
-
-  - Added chain parameters for Arbitrum and Optimism ([#3811](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3811); [77a7323](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/77a7323119923e596f4def4f1bc90beae5447320)).
-  - Fix NonceManager race condition ([#3812](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3812), [#3813](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3813); [5a3c10a](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/5a3c10a29c047609a50828adb620d88aa8cf0014)).
-  - Add UMD output to dist builds ([#3814](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3814); [f9eed4c](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/f9eed4cdb190b06dd4ddaa2382c1de42e8e98de6)).
-
-ethers/v6.0.5 (2023-02-18 22:36)
--------------------------------
-
-  - Fixed Result to behave correctly like an array using slice and toArray ([#3787](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3787); [399356b](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/399356b91227db04e496628af60c4b8e38207760)).
-  - Replaced substring from 0 index with startsWith ([#3691](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3691); [4512e97](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/4512e97f9b55607ce388aa6eb63a37fc196a5d9d)).
-  - Fixed inverted assert in duplicate name detection for ABI encoding ([#3792](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3792); [762c2f3](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/762c2f34eac848c5464389f11d1697dcd8ebcbb5)).
-  - Fixed missing property during transaction copy ([#3793](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3793); [48bbef7](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/48bbef7ade69bcfe86542f752f15049cc62f4141)).
-  - Add support for Wallet private keys without 0x prefix ([#3768](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3768); [4665fb4](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/4665fb4c6886c8b344dee316ba9f4fde57ce7557)).
-  - Fixed quicknode property for defaultProvider ([#3741](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3741); [a8afb72](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/a8afb72fbbceb6a5024c1edb85badb72099787ea)).
-  - Fixed exports field order ([#3703](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3703), [#3755](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3755); [085a905](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/085a9054f349afb816ca1a123737293ec9bd2532)).
-
-ethers/v6.0.4 (2023-02-16 08:55)
--------------------------------
-
-  - Fixed custom error decoding ([#3785](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3785); [4d9b29d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/4d9b29de751e2387c143e474bb96d271da892ea6)).
-  - Removed stray debug logging ([e1e0929](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/e1e09293483a9d07fd8e8f96552aa958b5ec45ed)).
-  - Fixed lookupAddress when bad resolver is present ([#3782](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3782); [92def9c](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/92def9c1489bb35ad13fe58a1cd107ee3a05a112)).
-  - Fixed FallbackProvider median calculation ([#3746](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3746); [83957dc](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/83957dc283043b9af8f6e89920faac3e09ca69fc)).
-  - Move the xnf normalize variant to pkg.browser instead of import ([#3724](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3724); [179e6ca](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/179e6ca520392177c7dea5e477b29930952ed637)).
-
-ethers/v6.0.3 (2023-02-12 22:45)
--------------------------------
-
-  - Allow null type in transaction receipt for legacy type 0 networks ([#3459](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3459); [6372a46](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/6372a46b1b273db3e4c1189daebb4b888bd588bc)).
-  - Fixed events when slicing immutable Result ([#3765](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3765); [2ba4a17](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/2ba4a172555b7e17ac01fedfc944549defab61bc)).
-  - More robust support on networks which throw when filters are not supported ([#3767](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3767); [37bf4fb](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/37bf4fb55563d7ff66edee15c7515c8a0d6a2266)).
-  - Fixed ignored polling override for JsonRpcApiProvider ([400d576](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/400d57621b3e9a33679a528b5072449699f0a068)).
-
-ethers/v6.0.2 (2023-02-04 08:50)
--------------------------------
-
-  - Fixed crossed assert in Fetch ([#3733](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3733); [6c338c1](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/6c338c1c5b4013db9754c9d1a33dcbf54330e5c7)).
-
-ethers/v6.0.1 (2023-02-04 04:06)
--------------------------------
-
-  - Fix Subscriber model when removed within emit callback ([d0ed918](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/d0ed91840c9f51c7ce9061ebb1d36727dbdd51a4)).
-  - Fixed human-readable parser when identifier begins with valid type prefix ([#3728](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3728); [522fd16](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/522fd16f68aabc53e4dc8745d4128e0d61260ed5)).
-  - Update to latest secp256k1 library ([#3719](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3719); [803e8f9](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/803e8f9821950b83efa876d64b1cfb35f6bccc38)).
-
-ethers/v6.0.0 (2023-02-02 22:48)
--------------------------------
-
-  - Initial release ([90afd9b](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/90afd9bd81ed1408421a0247fa0845a74c9eb319)).
+  - Preserve config canary string. ([7157816](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/7157816fa53f660d750811b293e3b1d5a2f70bd4))
+  - Updated docs. ([9e4c7e6](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/9e4c7e609d9eeb5f2a11d6a90bfa9d32ee696431))
--- a/CHANGELOG.v5-beta.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.v5-beta.md
@ -0,0 +1,523 @@
+Changelog
+=========
+
+This change log is managed by `scripts/cmds/update-versions` but may be manually updated.
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.192 (2020-06-12 04:51)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Support nonpayable Solidity modifier in ABI. ([adc8d3d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/adc8d3d9aec2f5ee8e207f8bc77d99052e473d16))
+  - More debug information in timeout and fetch errors. ([#678](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/678); [693094e](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/693094e97ce4f0dc0cd49b9cf6b1557bd7dc517d))
+  - Use URL parse instead of constructor for react compatibility. ([#874](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/874); [5e7d28b](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/5e7d28b19b18aa1bbb4b851f74f6d7865725be02))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.191 (2020-06-03 03:41)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Allow undefined properties in transaction object and fix stray this. ([#860](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/860); [98bb589](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/98bb58964bec7dff0ccf481d474354ec1ca6f376), [d2406c4](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/d2406c42a18c123205918eb46bf24de0ff97ee23))
+  - Allow JsonRpcSigner to override from if it matches Signer. ([#862](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/862); [1a89c59](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/1a89c591c26a7fcc2031d0df90137d8a096c5c01))
+  - Added initial support for spontaneous network changes. ([#495](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/495), [#861](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/861); [2bc7bb6](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/2bc7bb6e61219a40cfe2acd95c115c2195c21223), [d2ca4fb](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/d2ca4fb443b2653063ca5aa349b52ecd0ff79e2f))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.190 (2020-06-01 05:02)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Re-enable tests removed to fix slow CI. ([cd7a0b3](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/cd7a0b36cd77df5d5951a97cdb6b6be1c9387f51))
+  - Major Contract refactor for overrides. ([#819](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/819), [#845](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/845), [#847](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/847), [#860](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/860); [42dee67](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/42dee67187adb04d0b88f420b24cb3e73301d609))
+  - Remove legacy Circle CI tasks. ([c445232](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/c445232980007d3474bc036ff59fb37638f93820))
+  - Fixing GitHub actions. ([#853](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/853); [6b8f0f3](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/6b8f0f3cb38295cd5d693f9b71f629b591206f1e))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.189 (2020-05-29 21:25)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Simplify typing for properties module. ([41e66ab](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/41e66ab834e9835807481658a7956207edfef3d7))
+  - Refactor Contract away from monolithic runMethod. ([e5a1b4d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/e5a1b4d5cbbaa0a8ce64c72e13d0d12fa2b856e3))
+  - Correctly set last emitted block for WebSocketProvider. ([#856](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/856); [1b0ad5a](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/1b0ad5aa69327f80c7814069142965914673dc06))
+  - Fixed delayed network detection attempting to overwrite read-only value. ([#854](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/854); [8efd8d2](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/8efd8d203158ebdef040ec759c3b423312a86e7c))
+  - Better WebSocket compatibilities with Parity. ([#849](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/849); [180a1af](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/180a1aff3adc5b4af3a1349b52666ca5942c92a2))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.188 (2020-05-21 00:02)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Make filter blockHash property name match EIP-234. ([b03c4ed](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/b03c4edd31a1929b411d0559d17eee7e3d6b11c8), [ed29fac](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/ed29fac376c1a0aa210bf75979bb2ab62d0cf46b))
+  - Fixed FallbackProvider sync-stalling for backends. ([#841](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/841); [f963589](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/f96358940043123aa7a8fe97a1af7af293ce9740))
+  - Add correct tag to release on publish. ([#828](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/828); [8516076](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/85160766cdcd031f226382901ebadee9d7f40200))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.187 (2020-05-12 23:29)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Add sub-error to gas estimate error for Ganache users. ([#829](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/829); [647fbd8](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/647fbd8cbfa0f94f72db6faadd528e61c49b1dd6))
+  - Moved ABI check for unique names to coding time and only if ambiguous. ([#816](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/816); [fa87417](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/fa87417e9416d99a37d9a2668a1e54feb7e342fc))
+  - Added missing Interface exports to umbrella utils. ([82a9326](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/82a93263fae330ae39a7212e74d973fa9f820f64))
+  - Fixed FallbackProvider ESM super-this out-of-order issue. ([#822](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/822); [fde102b](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/fde102b7eda304403dcc677cd6d3b48339cd3a81))
+  - Fixed node hanging on unnecessary timeout when fetchJson fails. ([fdf2253](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/fdf2253218cf379043acc32dea8c95c284a82cec))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.186 (2020-05-08 15:27)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Fix JsonRpcProvider out-of-order super call. ([#822](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/822); [963197d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/963197d70c96e5970b431173c2cc782cb496674c))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.185 (2020-05-04 22:54)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - More robust FallbackProvider on clean exits. ([8eeda23](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/8eeda23e989fcb0126bd20b17c67f62466d19259))
+  - Safer test suite reporter timer. ([657a039](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/657a0394f56b51a13c691477c2b0dcf74678fd7c))
+  - Added goerli to AlchemyProvider tests. ([ab7c781](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/ab7c78118ab80990a3e3368749599a1cf6e9d4ae))
+  - Added more robust poll event to Provider. ([dc48bfb](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/dc48bfb7adb9334848c93173ba2c634f22a9a72f))
+  - Added goerli to AlchemyProvider. ([86670eb](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/86670eb80e96fc4ba4e3664c9389f8130bbfea73))
+  - Removed Cloudflare from test suite; it is down again. ([17dc022](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/17dc022603afdfe4147638ab4b2704bcef09533f))
+  - Prevent forceOutput in test reporter from crashing. ([cafd344](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/cafd34460b194d78092021f1d7e0307130340b68))
+  - Stall FallbackProvider backends from requests if not in-sync. ([fa6904f](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/fa6904fef35e7ab888221f3a0613bfe7e6df3594))
+  - Allow providers to detect their network after instantiation. ([#814](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/814); [99ae946](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/99ae946476a317a9d89e5d8f57cf37f8680bfa2b))
+  - Better messaging on low-level network errors. ([#814](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/814); [0e3a66c](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/0e3a66c82959a08f3f4e4ffbca3ae3792ff2548f))
+  - Manage FallbackProvider stalling without unref. ([#815](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/815); [7b1a7c7](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/7b1a7c7f31a3631e12c2a341b562983360e670e9))
+  - Only error on duplicate signatures in Contract ABI. ([#499](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/499); [098d7ef](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/098d7efb21bd648c2660342297d2419904a10925))
+  - Added getWebSocketProvider static method to InfuraProvider. ([a6c1174](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/a6c1174dffe6dca1a3a64d1d472cec6e12372117))
+  - Fix WebSocketProvider responses when message result is null. ([#813](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/813); [472e5b0](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/472e5b07eab180baa12185c8f00e5079ce4c671f))
+  - Allow modifiers on Human-Readable ABI for tuples and arrays. ([83fba3d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/83fba3de25b524cc48975b1952f4319d63874205))
+  - Added initial renew support to ENS CLI. ([54dfb75](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/54dfb757c4c88e4bcada1890c4016fadfb25581a))
+  - Allow contract filters to include OR-ed values. ([#437](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/437); [28800d7](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/28800d7681f3bab08f6d30a22f0813e04feee18a))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.184 (2020-04-28 04:58)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Removed old EIP-1193 experimental provider; it can now be supported by Web3Provider as EIP-1193 is now backwards compatible. ([84c68ac](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/84c68ac5c17b10897ade966d6c8fac1f1f66a4af))
+  - Fixed getLogs filter deserialization. ([#805](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/805); [393c0c7](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/393c0c74a91175adca2e25026dcdb9e6445afd8f))
+  - Added EIP-1193 support to Web3Provider. ([56af441](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/56af4413b1dd1787db68985e0b612b63d86fdf7c))
+  - Minor typing-detected fixes. ([d1f3a42](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/d1f3a42c119d5588eab667ec7bb6e71042cfb656))
+  - Added initial support for recoverable coding erros. ([#800](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/800); [bda6623](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/bda66230916e58e25a522e8430ce4de25091eb6b))
+  - More draconian Typing. ([14e6811](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/14e6811bf7d7c38a3b5714dededcc883c185d814))
+  - Omit HID libraries for hardware-wallets package on unsupported environments. ([#798](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/798); [2e24920](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/2e24920d028d42908d0764ad4ca0b56b55f852d1), [5aefb43](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/5aefb4303d2fdda62e7e5ddb644919f613d6016a))
+  - Make default constructor non-payable. ([#684](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/684); [017ea0d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/017ea0d6bd22833e9d399ae6b818443786f17884))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.183 (2020-04-23 23:28)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Fixed inconsistent log format in WebSocketProvider. ([#795](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/795); [8e7751f](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/8e7751f7dfb41e58f81c7918cf36c152c3209ae2))
+  - Added WebSocketProvider support for ENS names in filters. ([6707754](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/6707754580490c5a801d6205af0841794d20b3c9))
+  - Fixed provider filtering by ENS name. ([aeeb75f](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/aeeb75f74c3be11b9b3b2925fd73349070542e54))
+  - Fixed ContractFactory.deploy ignoring overrides. ([#796](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/796); [8bb2a0f](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/8bb2a0fd08f6f128a80444e3fd90c29e4cd7edfb))
+  - Fix median calculation for large block number deltas across FallbackProvider backends. ([fca5ccb](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/fca5ccbc2052569e700a96dbb1de1c9cef7c966f))
+  - Work-around for Cloudflare not offering eth_blockNumber. ([8cf4b3c](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/8cf4b3cf4598f4f3643d5ebe9c366466d398cb83))
+  - Added string spell-checking to library and fixed discovered typos. ([71d03c6](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/71d03c6e3cab1aacb3e4e74d3966fbaa7db2ee06))
+  - Fixed getUrl for node 8. ([560adea](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/560adeabb06a2ab483bcad162f02ccef41ebc245))
+  - Dependency security updates. ([da3b0bf](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/da3b0bf0786fe8a95c68485d130ca59c597ffe4d))
+  - Fixes for dist builds without injected XMLHttpRequest. ([#789](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/789), [#506](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/506); [9ae6b70](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/9ae6b70efb9f3d3251820403597085cfa30ace05))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.182 (2020-04-16 21:53)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Added support for Contract event parsing error recovery. ([cc72f76](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/cc72f76695572d235d7f5a5ad4dc1838a5fe884a))
+  - Fix provider log filters with zero topics. ([#785](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/785); [4ef0e4f](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/4ef0e4f7653226bf8cca86e065ad614e7288af96))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.181 (2020-04-15 18:23)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Temporarily remove CloudflareProvider tests; it is down and breaking the tests. ([797abb7](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/797abb726711499d96bf1c12c61e3bb1a7b4925d))
+  - Better error reporting for Fragments. ([7dcefcb](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/7dcefcbf71ef337103639bbe3f4ad2625565651a))
+  - Fixed Contract filter unsubscribing. ([2eb3823](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/2eb3823de4ba111cc0c746a0715fe6dd3d1b16da), [39c78f3](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/39c78f37ceff9b8ec08329903dcba7bd53bd8661))
+  - Fixed WebSocketProvider filter events. ([#784](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/784); [69f7077](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/69f707762ed5939c5f52bf6dce5c5513aaf6fa1d))
+  - Added bitwise operations to BigNumber. ([#781](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/781); [7498c18](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/7498c18235c7566b2f652cddba991f55e0943da8), [284771e](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/284771ea39b6f4ee9cdf75ce5feea9e6aa9a65c5))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.180 (2020-04-03 22:10)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Correctly return the Provider in NonceManager. ([6caf7c2](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/6caf7c292cd5f03741cd6b30053c3325c4f30a81))
+  - Fail earlier when resolving an ENS name that is not a string. ([2882546](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/28825463517f8821392464ec2283ee59c431d928))
+  - Fixed mutabilityState calculation for function fragments. ([#762](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/762); [6526de0](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/6526de016fda5403474dad61ee59acc62ee25ebc), [d7c8b35](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/d7c8b355a049b36068b0525a357c6278639a8d58))
+  - Force Log properties to be non-optional. ([#415](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/415); [da412f6](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/da412f660723d1c411484e74970ce4eb166374c2), [8ad26f0](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/8ad26f0ff42614a6c40e735cb6fffd36874da1a0))
+  - Fixed Signer call not forwarding blockTag. ([#768](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/768); [053a2d7](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/053a2d7fcdb4ca4c9bfd0bee0f42e0187d3db477))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.179 (2020-03-31 23:40)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Fixed ENS CLI lookup for Website. ([0f144c6](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/0f144c6cc03082026080782356b940af3389b34e))
+  - Fixed getEtherPrice for EtherscanProvider. ([#776](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/776); [6c71b51](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/6c71b515126d8ef3cea5a1aec814c4cab56cc1a5))
+  - Fixed ENS CLI tool set-websites and added set-name. ([70cffb6](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/70cffb6a5166a79a54e02b03b6a7ec0085407e07))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.178 (2020-03-30 22:14)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Fixed Event args keyword access. ([2692e78](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/2692e783b40ce16207fa1a8e8513ebb5455fd2d0), [092ce9b](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/092ce9bcc2abf92c40550c4a990a8e2c889cc250))
+  - Updating TypeScript library and fixing some audit issues. ([bd32ee0](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/bd32ee0af5b25a435e5896773d8bfd482d3adcaf))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.177 (2020-03-21 12:46)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Abstracted JSON-RPC parameter generation for others to use. ([030f65e](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/030f65e66ce059d69d8d77973d5c3190745eaac2))
+  - Updated RLP package to use Logger instead of bare errors. ([390497f](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/390497f38964a052837f6c0e7c96efe74c668517))
+  - Fixed log level filtering for Logger. ([#379](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/379); [72c8992](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/72c89922a4e1b77295414c8e0717a7373f2397b8))
+  - Throw errors when trying to RLP encode integers. ([9ea16e5](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/9ea16e5172928962792ba4c0273e23db373409e0))
+  - Added delays to provider tests to prevent throttling causing failed tests. ([3e44aac](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/3e44aac8f199ec09babb20c4af2ee668e0ab05a1))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.176 (2020-03-12 19:10)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Checking in initial Eip1193Bridge (experimental). ([2c78f0b](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/2c78f0bf265a0f7c9f4cfc1bc79ecd4629b59c49))
+  - Added initial WebSocketProvider. ([#141](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/141); [117a5dd](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/117a5dd7ffa783c4335c0b87621437447cd499d0))
+  - Renamed properties based on community recommendations; estimate to estimateGas and addressPromise to resovledAddress. ([fe3b3fa](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/fe3b3fa1aded67827fec1131931d95d8153d8f32))
+  - Better error reporting and fixed look-ahead for data labels. ([e52312e](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/e52312e783b8d0fdd7e9992716cbe2e179751b38))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.175 (2020-02-27 19:53)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Fix address-less filter listening in Provider. ([#741](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/741); [64dccb2](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/64dccb275c68ebb40328350d4ab5be0f29b8a02e))
+  - Added sync version of wallet decryption. ([0ad94cd](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/0ad94cdf8137259bedb38c0dc949b61570bcdac0), [6809c37](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/6809c370c027aea148466c00d3ce09c6d0ee6ddc))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.175 (2020-02-27 19:38)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Fix address-less filter listening in Provider. ([#741](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/741); [64dccb2](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/64dccb275c68ebb40328350d4ab5be0f29b8a02e))
+  - Added sync version of wallet decryption. ([0ad94cd](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/0ad94cdf8137259bedb38c0dc949b61570bcdac0))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.174 (2020-02-25 14:57)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Reduced default Provider quorum for testnets. ([1cfab31](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/1cfab3173c3d0519beffc054efe73f70b7d28501))
+  - Added JSON-RPC debugging on error responses. ([ad27600](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/ad27600c699827858e7343adff2d4fa622248e42))
+  - Fixed setLogLevel to affect global logging. ([ac51a88](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/ac51a88c2913d7055e050c91d7d96bb42abf6656))
+  - Renamed interface getTopic to getEventTopic. ([f61f34b](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/f61f34bfb295bafee3b7ee426efa696aaa9bbafe))
+  - Fix log parsing when no matching topic hash is found. ([#733](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/733); [a5d2ec5](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/a5d2ec534f75b21eebe69a789a3c43c33014a825), [4b8e198](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/4b8e198bf209fcf0aea55018d8940355ea4345de), [89ac9f4](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/89ac9f4f298ac340c4429e8ebdacd29962eba7f4))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.173 (2020-02-12 17:09)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Added experimental EipWrappedProvider. ([944600d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/944600d779564c500ab98d3265286a0717642614))
+  - Updated signature for JsonRpcProvider.send to match EIP-1193. ([b962b59](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/b962b59ab72e67bc4566a361964e42cf1b791025))
+  - Added binary literal support to ASM grammar. ([375bd15](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/375bd15594a3179432e8452d819d91ea72b4bdd8))
+  - Added explicit pop placeholders to ASM dialect. ([a6b696d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/a6b696d8bd03c4027b52fe23745f066d158f1420))
+  - Added position independent code option for asm. ([89615c5](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/89615c59d385a58fa79b6bbd8eae53c30e45fe96))
+  - Added ASM semantic checking and the Pop placeholder. ([a33bf0e](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/a33bf0e37f4f969cc03b85ebf0dbadcf3e9b068a))
+  - Better type safety for defineReadOnly. ([e7adc84](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/e7adc84a972968f39a983efb6f21b6ceaacd6cc5))
+  - Fixed CLI sandbox quiting after prompt entry. ([ff9bc2a](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/ff9bc2a282e617125bbca76702dec85149661390))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.172 (2020-02-04 00:59)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Synced GitHub issue cache. ([13dbf1f](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/13dbf1f965eab344d2a304f7612d19ea96391261))
+  - Better typing for Timers. ([5622f70](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/5622f703d962993442623ef1450a595825c4efa8))
+  - Safer transaction serialization, matching signature.v with chainId. ([#708](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/708); [edb7c5d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/edb7c5da91ce271688561364d867998b0f0675e3))
+  - Fixed Opcode typo and added check to prevent future typos. ([15bb840](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/15bb8409077f96b22e8bd60c426cddd015454e6b))
+  - Renamed AST nodes for teh assembler. ([f02c7db](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/f02c7db4109d1785b4528757aa50f24948e896ae))
+  - Added timeout to waitForTransaction. ([#477](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/477); [bacc440](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/bacc4403979fa423890e269e7a5c7d11c6891a9f))
+  - Added CLI for asm package. ([aafa42a](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/aafa42a32b2a5c7481a409ad048dfc06112c6599))
+  - Prevent Signer.checkTransaction from creating conflicting from properties. ([1decb13](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/1decb1379902b60a15925b9b1de39633393db825))
+  - Include asm in generated TypeScript dependencies. ([ba29618](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/ba296188960fb345dfdab12f2bb3ed3dc5eab51a))
+  - Clean up some asm checks and dead code. ([fa317eb](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/fa317ebc032f8a5f9fb2dd10e23496252ae744e1))
+  - More contained Opcode API. ([da8153c](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/da8153c87753b79e5e4cd34d484b8e0e717426d9))
+  - Added initial codedrop for the asm package. ([0296594](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/0296594aba8d1e90e9ef7a18d2324f6cac815953))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.171 (2020-02-01 05:05)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Added CLI for asm package. ([aafa42a](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/aafa42a32b2a5c7481a409ad048dfc06112c6599))
+  - Added more flatworm documentation. ([1c85fe9](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/1c85fe95b2b536828e83087676becba85c9a90bb))
+  - Prevent Signer.checkTransaction from creating conflicting from properties. ([1decb13](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/1decb1379902b60a15925b9b1de39633393db825))
+  - Include asm in generated TypeScript dependencies. ([ba29618](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/ba296188960fb345dfdab12f2bb3ed3dc5eab51a))
+  - Clean up some asm checks and dead code. ([fa317eb](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/fa317ebc032f8a5f9fb2dd10e23496252ae744e1))
+  - More contained Opcode API. ([da8153c](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/da8153c87753b79e5e4cd34d484b8e0e717426d9))
+  - Added initial codedrop for the asm package. ([0296594](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/0296594aba8d1e90e9ef7a18d2324f6cac815953))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.171 (2020-01-29 21:41)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Better solc support in CLI; it will search the local pacakge for an existing solc version. ([7428776](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/7428776f75222d5c07282bc29c3dd8ed99f5d2cc))
+  - Update ENS registry address and lower default quorum for testnets. ([edb49da](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/edb49da15518f25b3d60813ebb84f54171e308f3))
+  - Exposed isBytes and isBytesLike in ethers.utils. ([99329b0](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/99329b013ce7f3af301d40c41f7eb35bff288910))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.170 (2020-01-21 20:37)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Better, easier and more provider testing. ([e0d1d38](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/e0d1d3866d2559f39627254873a0a1d4c0fcaf3d))
+  - Fixed out-of-bounds difficulty in getBlock, which can affect PoA networks. ([#711](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/711); [251882c](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/251882ced4379931ec82ba28a4db10bc7dbf3580))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.169 (2020-01-20 19:42)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Fixed imports after refactor. ([adf5622](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/adf56229c6cc83003d319ea9a004677e2555d478))
+  - Refactor some enum names and add UTF-8 error support to the umbrella package. ([931da2f](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/931da2f77446fc9266cf07f0d7d78d4376625005))
+  - Allow arbitrary apiKey for UrlJsonRpcProvider. ([5878b54](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/5878b54d6eded1329a6dc3b4023f876a87f72b6e))
+  - Added more general error handling (e.g. error, ignore, replace) for calling toUtf8String. ([a055edb](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/a055edb5855b96fdf179403458c1694b96fd906c))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.168 (2020-01-18 21:46)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Much more resiliant FallbackProvider which can ignore properties that are only approximate and supports per-provider priorities. ([#635](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/635), [#588](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/588); [f4bcf24](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/f4bcf24a257a17ec9beb98f3d0b3682de543534c))
+  - Fixed some typing for receipts and logs. ([#497](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/497); [ea102ef](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/ea102ef7c4fa5df7b9389fbc8a2947bbbd4c471e))
+  - Abstracting mnemonic phrases. ([#685](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/685); [92a383f](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/92a383ff0dad4587e44953efca3c6ab795a1b1bd))
+  - Sync GitHub issues. ([75e1a37](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/75e1a37bb5935d5d538ffcfce5b0073e1334d457))
+  - Fixed 304 status for fetchJson. ([c66d81e](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/c66d81e96f7c9b0808f181085ffe1c92f6219d46))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.167 (2020-01-11 04:16)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Fixed testcases for provider changes. ([90ed07c](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/90ed07c74e7230ea0f02288b140d497d8b9779e0))
+  - Add support for legacy flat signatures with recid instead of normalized v. ([245cd0e](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/245cd0e48e07eef35f5bf45ee7fe5ed5ef31338a))
+  - Fix TransactionResponse to have chainId instead of legacy networkId. ([#700](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/700); [72b3bc9](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/72b3bc9909074893038c768f3da1564ed96a6a20))
+  - Fixed splitSignature computing wrong v for BytesLike. ([#700](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/700); [4151c0e](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/4151c0eacd22287e2369a8656ffa00359db6f84b))
+  - Added dist files for hardware-wallets. ([c846649](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/c84664953d2f50ee0d704a8aa18fe6c08668dabb))
+  - Browser support (with dist files) for Ledger. ([6f7fbf3](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/6f7fbf3858c82417933a5e5595a919c0ec0487c7))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.166 (2020-01-10 03:09)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Relaxed joinSignature API to allow SignauteLike. ([602e6a8](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/602e6a8973480299843a0158f75451a2c6aac749))
+  - Initial code drop of new hardware wallet package. ([2e8f5ca](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/2e8f5ca7ed498261079da75713b18f3370dfd236))
+  - Added more docs. ([381a72d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/381a72ddaa7fb59ef2ded84d228296d693df05c3))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.165 (2020-01-09 03:31)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Fixed require resolution for CLI scripts. ([c04f9a7](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/c04f9a7fff727bb04a4aa3a0fa05fd5cd8e795a6))
+  - Added new URLs for default ETC (and ETC testnets) providers. ([#351](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/351); [3c184ac](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/3c184ace21aafbb27f4d44cce1bb738af899d59f))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.164 (2020-01-07 19:57)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Use better Description typing. ([2d5492c](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/2d5492cd2ee722c818c249244af7b5bea05d67b0))
+  - Better property access on ABI decoded results. ([#698](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/698); [13f50ab](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/13f50abd847f7ddcc7e54c102da54e2d23b86fae))
+  - Better typing support for Description. ([d0f4642](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/d0f4642f6d2c9f5119f1910a0082894c60e81191))
+  - Fixed resolveName when name is an address with an invalid checksum. ([#694](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/694); [1e72fc7](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/1e72fc7d6f7c3be4410dbdcfbab9a0463ceb52bd))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.163 (2020-01-06 18:57)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Added function to generate CREATE2 addresses. ([#697](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/697); [eb26a6d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/eb26a6d95022a241c44f859e7b2f29646afb4914))
+  - Force constructor name to be null (instead of undefined). ([a648f2b](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/a648f2bd1e5e52a3662896f04fe7025884866972))
+  - Added documentation uploading script. ([e593aba](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/e593aba2946c98820b0c2edf9c5dab6cb30c7402))
+  - Added Czech wordlist to default wordlists export. ([#691](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/691); [5724fa5](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/5724fa5d9c6fe73f14ec8bdea1f7226a222537ef))
+  - Added Czech BIP-39 wordlist. ([#691](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/691); [f54f06b](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/f54f06b5c8092997fd3c9055d69a3e0796ce44f3))
+  - Updated README. ([e809ead](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/e809eadf8d608cd8c8a78c08a2e3547dd09156cf))
+  - Updating docs. ([184c459](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/184c459fab0d089a8a879584b72e5eb3560b33ce))
+  - Merge branch 'yuetloo-ethers-v5-beta' into ethers-v5-beta ([06cafe3](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/06cafe3437ef129b47f5f9c02f4759f2c4854d3c))
+  - Add circleci and parity test files ([fdf0980](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/fdf0980663ffead0faf3e9b7b233b22ca1574e21))
+  - Fixed typo in package test dist scripts. ([9c78c7f](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/9c78c7fee69d07733048d898d58205ae7f5c82d7))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.162 (2019-11-25 00:02)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Update elliptic package to protect from Minerva timing attack. ([#666](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/666); [cf036e1](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/cf036e1ffad3340fcf1c7559d0032493ccc08e6e))
+  - Browser and node testing works again. ([4470477](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/4470477d7fd3031f2f3a1fbd9c538468c33c7350))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.161 (2019-11-23 21:43)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Updated dist files (sorted package.json to reduce package version change chatter). ([f308ba3](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/f308ba3540ed0d282d099456d0369873ad9596b0))
+  - Stubs for adding throttle support. ([2f0e679](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/2f0e679f0bc81bf901cf60a79e50f9715cddec5a))
+  - Refactor wordlists. ([abab9f6](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/abab9f6aa27d1870d1053e7caa951408b86c454d))
+  - Browser testcases work again. ([c11c2e2](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/c11c2e2e3376a6764f07ed443245823f2792b8cc))
+  - Added dist files for non-English wordlists. ([3d75c52](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/3d75c52dac668af5eeede3e7764dadd3055a0707))
+  - Sync GitHub issue cache. ([29f0e9d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/29f0e9dd627a7b4b7f772300497f27718c9ecc7b))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.160 (2019-11-20 18:36)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Updated API in testcases. ([3ab3733](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/3ab373334c75800f2b20b6639ed8eb1b11e453ef))
+  - Fixed scrypt import in ESM build. ([b72ef27](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/b72ef27b2a8f9941fb9d79122ec449fed9d2464d))
+  - Fixed null apiKey problem for InfuraProvider. ([e518151](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/e51815150912d10e2734707986b10b37c87d6d12))
+  - Added support for sighash-style tuple parsing. ([19aaade](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/19aaade9c62510012cfd50ae487ebd1705a28678))
+  - Fixed solc imports for cli. ([c35ddaf](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/c35ddaf646efa25e738fee604585a0a7af45b206))
+  - Added nonce manager to experimental index. ([8316406](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/8316406977ea26ca2044d16f7b3bb6ba21ef5b43))
+  - Removing NodesmithProvider from default provider as it is being discontinued. ([01ca350](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/01ca35036ca11a47f60890e5cae62e46a00f3da8))
+  - Moved bare ABI named functions and events from Interface into Contracts to simplify other consumers of Interface. ([da8ca2e](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/da8ca2e8bc982fc3ea0343bb3c593a485ca1fef0))
+  - Added support for complex API keys including support for INFURA project secrets. ([#464](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/464), [#651](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/651), [#652](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/652); [1ec5804](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/1ec5804bd460f6948d4813469fdc7bf739baa6a6))
+  - Migrated to scrypt-js v3. ([75895fa](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/75895fa1491e7542c755a102f4e4c190685fd2b6))
+  - Moved getDefaultProvider to providers package. ([51e4ef2](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/51e4ef2b45b83a8d82923600a2fac544d70b0807))
+  - Migrating providers to modern syntax and scoping. ([#634](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/634); [e1509a6](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/e1509a6326dd2cb8bf7ed64b82dd3947b768a314))
+  - Migrating to modern syntax and scoping. ([#634](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/634); [394c36c](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/394c36cad43f229a94c72d21f94d1c7982a887a1))
+  - Added provider property to Web3Provider. ([#641](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/641); [1d4f90a](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/1d4f90a958da6364117353850d62535c9702abd2))
+  - Updated GitHub issue cache. ([494381a](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/494381a6284cc8ed90bd8002d42a6b6d94dc1200))
+  - Force deploy receipt to address to be null. ([#573](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/573); [d9d438a](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/d9d438a119bb11f8516fc9cf02c534ab3816fcb3))
+  - Updated experimental NonceManager. ([3d514c8](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/3d514c8dbb94e1c4ce5754463e683dd9dbe7c0aa))
+  - Fixed typo in error message. ([28339a9](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/28339a9c8585392086da159a46df4afb8958915c))
+  - Added GitHub issue caching. ([fea867a](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/fea867a206f007a17718396e486883a5e718aa29))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.159 (2019-10-17 01:08)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Removing TypeScript build files from npm to fix excessive package diffs.
+  - Fixed getBlock for blockhashes with a leading 0. ([#629](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/629); [12cfc59](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/12cfc599656d7e3a6d3d9aa4e468592865a711cc))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.158 (2019-09-28 01:56)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Added less-common, but useful, coding functions to Interface. ([778eb3b](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/778eb3b425b5ab5b23d28e75be92feccd0fc56bc))
+  - Add response handling and 304 support to fetchJson. ([3d25882](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/3d25882d6bf689740506b9c569f6e0d30da6f6a5))
+  - Allow numeric values in a transaction to be odd-lengthed hexstrings. ([#614](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/614); [a12030a](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/a12030ad29aa13c02aa75d9e0860f4986a0043b4))
+  - Simpler crypt for admin tools. ([828c8cf](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/828c8cfd419ac4f8d11d978c2e2ff83eba5ae909))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.157 (2019-09-08 02:43)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Fixed getContractAddress for odd-length hex values. ([#572](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/572); [751793e](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/751793ea25183d54d7fc4c610a789608f91c062e))
+  - Fixed typo in error message. ([#592](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/592); [6f4291f](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/6f4291f65f0ea20c65fef7fd7b09b4d5bf5f0dcd))
+  - Fixed typo in error message. ([#580](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/580); [9c63b4a](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/9c63b4a7535f423a802bb1c17c325ce968987349))
+  - Fixed typo in error message. ([#574](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/574); [22a2673](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/22a26736cc332fe6e896c9d2707cc99ceee2fb10))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.156 (2019-09-06 17:56)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Removed export star to fix UMD dist file. ([4c17c4d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/4c17c4db0455e1b89fd597c4c929cdc36aa3d90d))
+  - Updated TypeScript version. ([e8028d0](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/e8028d0e73368257b76b394bb8e2bf63f8aecd71))
+  - Fixed test suites and reporter. ([1e0ed4e](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/1e0ed4e99a22a27fe5057336f8cb320809768f3e))
+  - Added lock-versions admin tool. ([2187604](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/21876049137644af2b3afa31120ee95d032843a8))
+  - Updated packages with version lock and moved types. ([85b4db7](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/85b4db7d6db37b853f11a90cf4648c34404edcf9))
+  - Fixed typo in error message. ([#592](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/592); [019c1fc](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/019c1fc7089b3da2d7bd41c933b6c6bc35c8dade))
+  - Fixed build process to re-target browser field to ES version. ([3a91e91](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/3a91e91df56c1ef6cf096c0322f74fd5060891e0))
+  - Major overhaul in compilation to enable ES6 module generation. ([73a0077](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/73a0077fd38c6ae79f33a9d4d3cc128a904b4a6c))
+  - Updated some of the flatworm docs. ([81fd942](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/81fd9428cab4be7eee7ddeb564bf91f282cae475))
+  - Fixed package descriptions. ([#561](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/561); [ebfca98](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/ebfca98dc276d6f6ca6961632635e8203bb17645))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.155 (2019-08-22 17:11)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Added Wrapped Ether and Token transfers to CLI. ([c031a13](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/c031a1336815923bae85d9982dba0985a79cfaed))
+  - Fixed sendTransaction and use median gas price in FallbackProvider. ([07e1599](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/07e15993ba181cfbff987778d158dbde6bb84de2))
+  - Port optional Secret Storage wallet address to v5. ([#582](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/582); [a12d60d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/a12d60d722dfcf998a2e06eba5e46390d7d442e5))
+  - Updated flatworm docs output. ([8745a81](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/8745a81b11b710036ddb546308c13958be1affb9))
+  - Added initial flatworm documentation stubs. ([0333a76](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/0333a76f4ff382b5b59b24c672b702721e7a386a))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.154 (2019-08-21 01:51)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Use safe transfer for ENS in CLI. ([b7494d8](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/b7494d8618001797a4e856f3d1886273897e6ba4))
+  - Fixed quorum-matching logic for FallbackProvider. ([b304ec1](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/b304ec1f008ec5301c0dbd1a493d790fe3528512))
+  - Added CloudflareProvider. ([#587](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/587); [621313d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/621313d2a697bc6e1dd25eb5b08d67e832a28d05))
+  - Added receipt to CALL_EXCEPTION errors. ([724c32e](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/724c32e8c08b55404594f263e52babb0550a15b8))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.153 (2019-08-06 19:15)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Updated gas estimate failure messaging to include that the tx may simple be causing a revert. ([edb26b1](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/edb26b16354afd707e5d03e174c4cc809b951c4f))
+  - Additional sanity checks in ethers-ens. ([de4b2a4](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/de4b2a449ca3a49807c8bedb3e21e8e8d71e63fc))
+  - Fix bug in --wait for CLI. ([9977c9f](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/9977c9f66a7007dcc1963128c88c584b6b6c064b))
+  - Added content-hash support to ENS CLI. ([7dfef46](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/7dfef463f83a9190d1b89cf81e0fb692da3dd813))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.152 (2019-08-05 14:37)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Using CLI --wait instead of custom Plugin flag for ethers-ens. ([19ee2b5](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/19ee2b516005b2c35b846f19457ec9bbfa0c283b))
+  - Added --wait as a general flag to CLI. ([7640292](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/7640292ac8b7b9e6de3ad6699d23e2debf26cc1b))
+  - Added migrate-registrar and transfer to ENS CLI. ([31e8e1b](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/31e8e1b0520bc8be390fbf7e2b473c36a8649eb3))
+  - Include data in the CLI transaction dump. ([53bd96a](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/53bd96a9f675233906033290f1e0c71ca4e9d389))
+  - Better errors on gas estimation failure. ([0e6b810](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/0e6b810def390309240508a99b2cf0736848dedd))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.151 (2019-08-05 14:29)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Added package name prefix to all _version for Logger. ([692589d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/692589db54cbca10a2a453e9a1801a8612056559))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.150 (2019-08-03 01:07)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Fixed old references to errors package. ([1cabce7](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/1cabce7e1c23b15cc2b630c0b403dd72d815a5ba))
+  - Added generation scripts for Table A.1 for stringprep. ([#42](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/42); [b21681a](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/b21681a7f4292b0e77315caad3a59fe814e9292b))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.149 (2019-08-03 00:45)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Fixed some case-folding and added Table A.1 for IDNA. ([#42](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/42); [f955dca](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/f955dca417a6f86690cf33a81b08baa99e1b1a5c))
+  - Removed references to legacy errors pacakge and updated umbrella pacakge. ([c09de16](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/c09de163473c361cac11ddef9ec852f4cbb7d8e3))
+  - Updated admin module to use new fetchJson. ([226c100](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/226c100c72c3fcb0c0e3b62be5f579fd9cc4c904))
+  - Updated dist files. ([8354c3f](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/8354c3f9fe5487f21acaaeccd4450d9a5d495bc1))
+  - Full case-folding for IDNA in namehash. ([0af95f4](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/0af95f4a655106e67c2ba8f445af88c9e9e24339))
+  - Deprecating errors for logger. ([0b224e8](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/0b224e8fb5811cd06727063c909ca1e1e5cde57e))
+  - More consistent debug events for Providers. ([e8f28b5](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/e8f28b55d7dd62e29f03628232ffe7c75dc811b5))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.148 (2019-07-27 18:56)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Initial drop of new ENS CLI tool. ([c3c65b2](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/c3c65b2fa19e117d6433c2e0b3d20decfe506c74))
+  - Added TypeScript tool support for functions with multiple outputs. ([6de4a5d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/6de4a5d8a9d114c4c33c58f8a304b60e7370eeff))
+  - Added CLI support for stand-alone (no sub-command) tools. ([b67b121](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/b67b12123996f1aaf7cbe3c8648fd85a22d6674e))
+  - Make utils.resolveProperties preserve object parameter order. ([74dbc28](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/74dbc281ede042c5eeaa7b45150b215dea860a88))
+  - Added initial IDNA support for full UTF-8 support in namehash. ([#42](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/42); [28eb38e](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/28eb38ee703288aaad9f730b2d93fe3aeea7ada6))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.147 (2019-07-23 01:04)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Use the CLI solc instead of solc directly for ABI testcase generation. ([99c7b1c](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/99c7b1ca94382490b9757fd51375a7ad4259b831))
+  - Added experimental UTF-8 functions for escaping non-ascii strings. ([b132e32](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/b132e32172c9d63e59209628dadd5796dd6291c8))
+  - Bump Solidity version in CLI to 0.5.10. ([6005248](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/600524842e1a4b857e8428a45c0c7d1baa0624ee))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.146 (2019-07-20 21:06)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Keep extra filter topics when using Frgment filters in Contracts. ([efaafb2](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/efaafb203feaf703de803df7e346652372e9fb75))
+  - Updated package.json description for Contract package. ([#561](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/561); [d88ee45](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/d88ee45937b3484b68f72e3f72ad6c29556c984b))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.145 (2019-07-20 20:12)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Export provider.Formatter. ([#562](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/562); [083fd76](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/083fd76a3a638ec16d5f9bf652101e5a150c7347))
+  - Update CLI to use new Fragment.format style. ([9a41199](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/9a4119910b07d1ad61bafafb38ac18a9dae1d9ed))
+  - Added FormatTypes to utils. ([a05027c](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/a05027c744102bbe1be5e13dd89b9c1e64b3b526))
+  - Added experimental memory-hard password scheme for password-protected mnemonics to the CLI. ([5877418](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/5877418de94256a69fdf2ad466ba579309b9dee8))
+  - Added more flexible output options to fragment.format (JSON and minimal) and better JSON object parsing. ([e9558c8](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/e9558c8d4fe6df889f4d7ba6ac6448aa543ef99d))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.144 (2019-07-09 17:28)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Make mnemonic phrases case agnostic. ([#557](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/557); [e4423b7](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/e4423b7a277e7e1be1c02d345d4ab1eab484c9b8))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.143 (2019-07-02 16:12)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Adding more support for offline signing in the CLI. ([9cc269c](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/9cc269ceb5d33b2d88542d4bc6771279f729e733))
+  - Allow providers to prepare their Network object. ([6484908](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/6484908cb25dd35e5d98b2672dca72ed3f30cbe1))
+  - Export BIP-44 default path in ethers.utils. ([04bdf45](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/04bdf456eb07aa72872265e0ee01e3231d2b6cf1))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.142 (2019-06-28 16:13)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Do not require a Signer for contract.populateTransaction. ([0e78386](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/0e78386a08d3d3a0a98c8d03cd665b8992ab3ea2))
+  - Bumping version of solc to 0.5.9. ([e2da447](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/e2da447c7bc05937966bc4909c47291e4819d2a9))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.141 (2019-06-24 21:25)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Fix non-ES6 import in keccak256. ([5eb393d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/5eb393d828328b34567566d3c0d622b4aef1e202))
+  - Refactored wordlist exports to export Wordlist directly. ([746d255](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/746d255b741844b615583b2de3ffd07631b4e872))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.140 (2019-06-12 01:25)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Move from node-fetch to cross-fetch; better browser fallback implementation. ([826ffbc](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/826ffbc7c4ed1c301f30e6f264eedeaf3c243ca8))
+  - Added getStatic with support for inheritance of static methods. ([5e4535e](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/5e4535e939fdb9d9d23bd14b3e2590873d3eb508))
+  - Fixed node-fetch for Safari (todo: push this fix upstream to node-fetch). ([7164e51](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/7164e51131215ae3201b49f8c7f5ade8cbd8a420))
+  - Migrated XMLHttpRequest to fetch API. ([#506](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/506); [62201c5](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/62201c5eebc52e9723dbbb2cc64823155ce1e0f9))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.139 (2019-06-11 17:55)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Removed freeze option from deepCopy; all properties are read-only and only objects may have new properties added. ([1bc792d](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/1bc792d9dcc6a06a1be4fc5e5b9a538a3f6b7ada))
+  - Moved away from isNamedInstance which breaks after Browserify name mangling. ([257d67c](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/257d67c9625fa237bcfb3d651c49aa3b79175cae))
+  - Expose poll function in utils. ([#512](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/512); [e6f6383](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/e6f6383346818fa67423f1f20450e011242eb554))
+  - Make TransactionResponse hash required. ([#537](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/537); [095c1fe](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/095c1fe579068a3204ea0d1bc1893f293f61e719))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.138 (2019-06-04 16:05)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Fixed INFURA project ID checking. ([#534](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/534); [5bf763f](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/5bf763fe2307e8570ab5e91e30c43e2e5731fc39))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.137 (2019-06-01 14:06)
+-----------------------------------------
+
+  - Fixed invalid arrayify value in browser for SHA2-HMAC. ([#530](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/530); [c4a494b](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/c4a494b528f2e5f706c159d916d8ff0ffd96a211))
+  - Fix event and function fragment formatting. ([a2d4b29](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/a2d4b2907184d9480a72fe6f67652489074af86e))
+  - Fixed default JsonRpcSigner. ([#532](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/532); [5ba6a61](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/5ba6a616a6f969b1f28f8c6367c21488f497a7ae))
+  - Added changelog management to update-versions. ([4a3f719](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/4a3f7190dc04275030d313289e1ba6a2b31407ec))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.136
+----------------------
+
+  - Added queryFilter to Contracts. ([#463](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/463); [eea53bb](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/eea53bb1be29ad2bd1b229a13c85b12be264b019))
+  - Allow storage class in Human-Readable ABI. ([#476](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/476); [cf39adb](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/cf39adb09020ca0393e028b330bfd07fb4869236))
+  - Track per-provider JSON-RPC ID in JsonRpcProvider. ([#337](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/337), [#489](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/489); [044554b](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/044554b58525d1677646a74119f86ea867a06d1e))
+  - Fixed typo in error message. ([#470](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/470); [47d92ae](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/47d92aeff02cacfb26793850c7faef7cb21ce4cf))
+
+ethers/v5.0.0-beta.135
+----------------------
+
+  - Better error message for unconfigured ENS names. ([#504](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/504); [3cbc4b4](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/3cbc4b462262ba61fa7d99a7a12e7bbf8049afb1))
+  - Fixed contract events. ([#404](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/404); [8cdda37](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/8cdda37095df28f828ccd2ac5437ccb6541b16cc))
+  - Updated license for BaseX to include original authors; was only included in the source. ([03c9725](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/commit/03c97259c46de10dbe6ce62921de2f32ffff0522))
+
--- a/CONTRIBUTORS.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTORS.md
@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
+Contributors
+============
+
+A huge thanks to everyone who helps out, to keep ethers swimming and make it awesome! You rock! `:)`
+
+Community
+---------
+
+These people have opened issues, pull requests or discussions which were tagged in a commit, which likely represents a bug report, bug fix or feature request.
+
+The value of community feedback and support is crucial to the success of any open source project, and you have all been wonderful! `<3`
+
+- [00iCon](https://github.com/00iCon) (issues: [#1594](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1594))
+- [0xASK](https://github.com/0xASK) (issues: [#1423](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1423))
+- [0xGabi](https://github.com/0xGabi) (issues: [#959](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/959))
+- [0xWarren](https://github.com/0xWarren) (issues: [#2981](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2981))
+- [0xmikko](https://github.com/0xmikko) (issues: [#1234](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1234))
+- [282931](https://github.com/282931) (issues: [#944](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/944), [#993](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/993))
+- [3sGgpQ8H](https://github.com/3sGgpQ8H) (issues: [#708](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/708))
+- [ASmallPotato](https://github.com/ASmallPotato) (issues: [#2224](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2224), [#2257](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2257))
+- [AlecGard](https://github.com/AlecGard) (issues: [#3036](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3036), [#3087](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3087))
+- [Amxx](https://github.com/Amxx) (issues: [#893](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/893), [#933](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/933))
+- [Arul-](https://github.com/Arul-) (issues: [#182](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/182))
+- [BigMurry](https://github.com/BigMurry) (issues: [#489](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/489))
+- [Brbb](https://github.com/Brbb) (issues: [#146](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/146))
+- [Caruso33](https://github.com/Caruso33) (issues: [#3069](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3069), [#3094](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3094))
+- [ChALkeR](https://github.com/ChALkeR) (issues: [#553](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/553), [#935](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/935), [#944](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/944), [#951](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/951), [#993](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/993), [#1432](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1432), [#1964](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1964), [#1975](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1975), [#1976](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1976), [#1977](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1977), [#2016](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2016), [#2054](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2054), [#2083](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2083), [#2084](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2084), [#2120](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2120))
+- [Coda-Coda](https://github.com/Coda-Coda) (issues: [#885](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/885))
+- [Code0x2](https://github.com/Code0x2) (issues: [#1857](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1857))
+- [Dan-Nolan](https://github.com/Dan-Nolan) (issues: [#1334](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1334))
+- [DefiCake](https://github.com/DefiCake) (issues: [#911](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/911))
+- [DeltaBalances](https://github.com/DeltaBalances) (issues: [#1093](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1093))
+- [Destiner](https://github.com/Destiner) (issues: [#305](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/305))
+- [Divide-By-0](https://github.com/Divide-By-0) (issues: [#1807](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1807))
+- [Dvisacker](https://github.com/Dvisacker) (issues: [#346](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/346))
+- [Elinia](https://github.com/Elinia) (issues: [#2405](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2405))
+- [EvilJordan](https://github.com/EvilJordan) (issues: [#898](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/898), [#1084](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1084), [#1208](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1208), [#1221](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1221), [#1235](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1235))
+- [FSM1](https://github.com/FSM1) (issues: [#622](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/622))
+- [FrederikBolding](https://github.com/FrederikBolding) (issues: [#952](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/952), [#1251](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1251), [#1371](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1371), [#1628](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1628))
+- [GFJHogue](https://github.com/GFJHogue) (issues: [#51](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/51))
+- [Gabriel1590](https://github.com/Gabriel1590) (issues: [#776](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/776))
+- [GavinPacini](https://github.com/GavinPacini) (issues: [#2311](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2311))
+- [GiraeffleAeffle](https://github.com/GiraeffleAeffle) (issues: [#1777](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1777))
+- [GriffGreen](https://github.com/GriffGreen) (issues: [#891](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/891), [#992](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/992))
+- [HenryNguyen5](https://github.com/HenryNguyen5) (issues: [#698](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/698))
+- [JL2718](https://github.com/JL2718) (issues: [#1799](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1799))
+- [Jannis](https://github.com/Jannis) (issues: [#1084](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1084), [#1208](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1208), [#1221](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1221), [#1235](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1235))
+- [JohnnySheffield](https://github.com/JohnnySheffield) (issues: [#272](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/272))
+- [Jonas121](https://github.com/Jonas121) (issues: [#1084](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1084), [#1208](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1208), [#1221](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1221), [#1235](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1235))
+- [JoviDeCroock](https://github.com/JoviDeCroock) (issues: [#1624](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1624), [#1626](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1626))
+- [KillariDev](https://github.com/KillariDev) (issues: [#1010](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1010), [#1281](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1281))
+- [LeonmanRolls](https://github.com/LeonmanRolls) (issues: [#3161](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3161))
+- [LogvinovLeon](https://github.com/LogvinovLeon) (issues: [#357](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/357))
+- [MicahZoltu](https://github.com/MicahZoltu) (issues: [#219](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/219), [#220](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/220), [#224](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/224), [#257](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/257), [#261](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/261), [#280](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/280), [#299](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/299), [#401](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/401))
+- [Mrtenz](https://github.com/Mrtenz) (issues: [#530](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/530), [#534](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/534), [#874](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/874))
+- [NiftyAndy](https://github.com/NiftyAndy) (issues: [#2031](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2031))
+- [NoahMarconi](https://github.com/NoahMarconi) (issues: [#223](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/223))
+- [NoahZinsmeister](https://github.com/NoahZinsmeister) (issues: [#587](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/587), [#588](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/588), [#635](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/635), [#1894](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1894))
+- [OliverNChalk](https://github.com/OliverNChalk) (issues: [#1706](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1706))
+- [Perseverance](https://github.com/Perseverance) (issues: [#177](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/177))
+- [PhoeniXAbhisheK](https://github.com/PhoeniXAbhisheK) (issues: [#2522](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2522))
+- [PierreJeanjacquot](https://github.com/PierreJeanjacquot) (issues: [#1193](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1193), [#1729](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1729), [#2125](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2125), [#2387](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2387))
+- [QaidVoid](https://github.com/QaidVoid) (issues: [#2991](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2991))
+- [Remscar](https://github.com/Remscar) (issues: [#1199](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1199))
+- [Rishabhraghwendra18](https://github.com/Rishabhraghwendra18) (issues: [#2535](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2535))
+- [RobbingBlocks](https://github.com/RobbingBlocks) (issues: [#2562](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2562), [#2644](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2644))
+- [RyanRHall](https://github.com/RyanRHall) (issues: [#1432](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1432), [#2054](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2054), [#2120](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2120))
+- [SilentCicero](https://github.com/SilentCicero) (issues: [#196](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/196), [#781](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/781))
+- [Swader](https://github.com/Swader) (issues: [#574](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/574))
+- [TamirTian](https://github.com/TamirTian) (issues: [#768](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/768))
+- [TheGreatHB](https://github.com/TheGreatHB) (issues: [#1432](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1432), [#2054](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2054), [#2120](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2120))
+- [Thenerdstation](https://github.com/Thenerdstation) (issues: [#2531](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2531))
+- [TomAFrench](https://github.com/TomAFrench) (issues: [#895](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/895), [#917](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/917), [#924](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/924), [#2477](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2477), [#2582](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2582), [#2583](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2583))
+- [Velenir](https://github.com/Velenir) (issues: [#641](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/641))
+- [ZitRos](https://github.com/ZitRos) (issues: [#282](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/282), [#495](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/495), [#861](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/861))
+- [a2468834](https://github.com/a2468834) (issues: [#2821](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2821))
+- [aakilfernandes](https://github.com/aakilfernandes) (issues: [#728](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/728))
+- [aaronbarnardsound](https://github.com/aaronbarnardsound) (issues: [#532](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/532))
+- [adamdossa](https://github.com/adamdossa) (issues: [#113](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/113))
+- [adassoul](https://github.com/adassoul) (issues: [#2989](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2989), [#2998](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2998))
+- [adriandelgg](https://github.com/adriandelgg) (issues: [#3013](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3013))
+- [aksdevac](https://github.com/aksdevac) (issues: [#2058](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2058), [#2077](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2077))
+- [alazarevski](https://github.com/alazarevski) (issues: [#139](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/139), [#904](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/904), [#926](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/926))
+- [albrow](https://github.com/albrow) (issues: [#188](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/188), [#237](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/237))
+- [alcuadrado](https://github.com/alcuadrado) (issues: [#189](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/189), [#263](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/263), [#1051](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1051))
+- [alexanderwende](https://github.com/alexanderwende) (issues: [#1749](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1749))
+- [alexisgauba](https://github.com/alexisgauba) (issues: [#1147](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1147), [#1301](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1301), [#1302](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1302))
+- [alfetopito](https://github.com/alfetopito) (issues: [#1542](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1542), [#1840](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1840))
+- [andreistefanwork](https://github.com/andreistefanwork) (issues: [#2989](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2989), [#2998](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2998))
+- [andrevmatos](https://github.com/andrevmatos) (issues: [#602](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/602), [#1084](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1084), [#1208](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1208), [#1221](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1221), [#1235](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1235))
+- [andrewgordstewart](https://github.com/andrewgordstewart) (issues: [#613](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/613))
+- [andrewpaulicek](https://github.com/andrewpaulicek) (issues: [#936](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/936))
+- [area](https://github.com/area) (issues: [#411](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/411))
+- [arkantos1482](https://github.com/arkantos1482) (issues: [#1975](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1975), [#1976](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1976), [#2016](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2016))
+- [arvola](https://github.com/arvola) (issues: [#1486](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1486))
+- [aspiers](https://github.com/aspiers) (issues: [#2611](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2611))
+- [asselstine](https://github.com/asselstine) (issues: [#404](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/404))
+- [atropos0902](https://github.com/atropos0902) (issues: [#1798](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1798), [#1814](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1814), [#1830](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1830), [#2274](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2274), [#2652](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2652))
+- [attente](https://github.com/attente) (issues: [#293](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/293))
+- [aux0x](https://github.com/aux0x) (issues: [#2680](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2680))
+- [aya-eiya](https://github.com/aya-eiya) (issues: [#1019](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1019), [#1291](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1291), [#1463](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1463))
+- [bbarton](https://github.com/bbarton) (issues: [#784](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/784), [#785](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/785), [#795](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/795), [#856](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/856))
+- [bertho-zero](https://github.com/bertho-zero) (issues: [#3157](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3157))
+- [bguiz](https://github.com/bguiz) (issues: [#952](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/952), [#1251](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1251))
+- [blakewest](https://github.com/blakewest) (issues: [#1172](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1172))
+- [bobanm](https://github.com/bobanm) (issues: [#3036](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3036), [#3087](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3087))
+- [bogdan](https://github.com/bogdan) (issues: [#663](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/663), [#949](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/949))
+- [bojan96](https://github.com/bojan96) (issues: [#367](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/367))
+- [bpierre](https://github.com/bpierre) (issues: [#1009](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1009))
+- [breakabort](https://github.com/breakabort) (issues: [#1284](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1284))
+- [brianmcmichael](https://github.com/brianmcmichael) (issues: [#778](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/778))
+- [briarsweetbriar](https://github.com/briarsweetbriar) (issues: [#288](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/288))
+- [c0mm0n](https://github.com/c0mm0n) (issues: [#958](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/958))
+- [cag](https://github.com/cag) (issues: [#819](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/819), [#845](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/845), [#847](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/847), [#860](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/860))
+- [calldata](https://github.com/calldata) (issues: [#1727](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1727))
+- [cameel](https://github.com/cameel) (issues: [#2849](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2849), [#2862](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2862))
+- [cdor1](https://github.com/cdor1) (issues: [#1906](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1906))
+- [cellog](https://github.com/cellog) (issues: [#376](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/376), [#499](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/499), [#506](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/506), [#512](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/512), [#561](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/561), [#789](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/789))
+- [ceo-domido](https://github.com/ceo-domido) (issues: [#2833](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2833))
+- [cf19drofxots](https://github.com/cf19drofxots) (issues: [#233](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/233), [#271](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/271))
+- [cgewecke](https://github.com/cgewecke) (issues: [#891](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/891), [#992](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/992))
+- [chaitanya5](https://github.com/chaitanya5) (issues: [#1766](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1766))
+- [chebykin](https://github.com/chebykin) (issues: [#1624](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1624), [#1626](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1626))
+- [chris56974](https://github.com/chris56974) (issues: [#2614](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2614))
+- [christoph2806](https://github.com/christoph2806) (issues: [#259](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/259))
+- [christopherdro](https://github.com/christopherdro) (issues: [#2271](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2271), [#2527](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2527), [#2590](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2590))
+- [chrsengel](https://github.com/chrsengel) (issues: [#700](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/700))
+- [claasahl](https://github.com/claasahl) (issues: [#1798](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1798), [#1814](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1814), [#1830](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1830), [#2274](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2274), [#2652](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2652))
+- [codingwithmanny](https://github.com/codingwithmanny) (issues: [#2949](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2949), [#2950](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2950))
+- [coinwalletdev](https://github.com/coinwalletdev) (issues: [#1019](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1019), [#1291](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1291), [#1463](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1463), [#1858](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1858))
+- [cpixy3810](https://github.com/cpixy3810) (issues: [#2271](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2271), [#2527](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2527), [#2590](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2590), [#2591](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2591))
+- [crazyrabbitLTC](https://github.com/crazyrabbitLTC) (issues: [#819](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/819), [#845](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/845), [#847](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/847), [#860](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/860))
+- [cruzdanilo](https://github.com/cruzdanilo) (issues: [#1058](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1058))
+- [cryppadotta](https://github.com/cryppadotta) (issues: [#1275](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1275))
+- [cte](https://github.com/cte) (issues: [#2714](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2714))
+- [danielattilasimon](https://github.com/danielattilasimon) (issues: [#805](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/805), [#813](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/813), [#819](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/819), [#845](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/845), [#847](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/847), [#860](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/860))
+- [davidp94](https://github.com/davidp94) (issues: [#1204](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1204), [#1473](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1473))
+- [ddaws](https://github.com/ddaws) (issues: [#762](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/762))
+- [deanshelton913](https://github.com/deanshelton913) (issues: [#1499](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1499))
+- [dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot) (issues: [#1633](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1633), [#1634](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1634))
+- [desfero](https://github.com/desfero) (issues: [#1133](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1133))
+- [dev1644](https://github.com/dev1644) (issues: [#1021](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1021))
+- [dghelm](https://github.com/dghelm) (issues: [#2853](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2853), [#2866](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2866))
+- [dievardump](https://github.com/dievardump) (issues: [#1189](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1189), [#1261](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1261))
+- [dmihal](https://github.com/dmihal) (issues: [#1484](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1484))
+- [doraemondrian](https://github.com/doraemondrian) (issues: [#62](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/62), [#656](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/656), [#892](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/892))
+- [dsk7](https://github.com/dsk7) (issues: [#2011](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2011))
+- [dwalintukan](https://github.com/dwalintukan) (issues: [#539](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/539))
+- [dwardu](https://github.com/dwardu) (issues: [#3061](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3061))
+- [easrng](https://github.com/easrng) (issues: [#1387](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1387))
+- [egorFiNE](https://github.com/egorFiNE) (issues: [#2997](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2997))
+- [elenadimitrova](https://github.com/elenadimitrova) (issues: [#329](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/329))
+- [eliotstock](https://github.com/eliotstock) (issues: [#2968](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2968))
+- [ellis2323](https://github.com/ellis2323) (issues: [#581](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/581))
+- [elranu](https://github.com/elranu) (issues: [#685](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/685))
+- [elv-kevin](https://github.com/elv-kevin) (issues: [#398](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/398))
+- [emanuel-sol](https://github.com/emanuel-sol) (issues: [#2242](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2242))
+- [encrylife](https://github.com/encrylife) (issues: [#3075](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3075))
+- [epheph](https://github.com/epheph) (issues: [#412](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/412), [#415](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/415))
+- [felipecsl](https://github.com/felipecsl) (issues: [#1450](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1450))
+- [flexsurfer](https://github.com/flexsurfer) (issues: [#1285](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1285))
+- [florianlenz](https://github.com/florianlenz) (issues: [#202](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/202), [#228](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/228))
+- [frangio](https://github.com/frangio) (issues: [#1493](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1493), [#1497](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1497), [#1657](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1657), [#2776](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2776))
+- [fredriksvantes](https://github.com/fredriksvantes) (issues: [#1633](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1633), [#1634](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1634))
+- [fritzschoff](https://github.com/fritzschoff) (issues: [#890](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/890), [#2335](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2335))
+- [fulldecent](https://github.com/fulldecent) (issues: [#2033](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2033), [#2115](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2115), [#2400](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2400))
+- [fvictorio](https://github.com/fvictorio) (issues: [#1153](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1153), [#1252](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1252), [#1255](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1255), [#2954](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2954))
+- [gabrielschulhof](https://github.com/gabrielschulhof) (issues: [#265](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/265))
+- [gabrocheleau](https://github.com/gabrocheleau) (issues: [#1127](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1127))
+- [geigerzaehler](https://github.com/geigerzaehler) (issues: [#1850](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1850))
+- [ghost](https://github.com/ghost) (issues: [#1542](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1542), [#1840](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1840))
+- [githubdoramon](https://github.com/githubdoramon) (issues: [#2426](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2426))
+- [gitpusha](https://github.com/gitpusha) (issues: [#684](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/684), [#1546](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1546))
+- [glomotion](https://github.com/glomotion) (issues: [#1288](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1288))
+- [greg-flexidao](https://github.com/greg-flexidao) (issues: [#514](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/514))
+- [gruming](https://github.com/gruming) (issues: [#1298](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1298))
+- [hogan0520](https://github.com/hogan0520) (issues: [#2190](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2190))
+- [holic](https://github.com/holic) (issues: [#2500](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2500))
+- [hoytech](https://github.com/hoytech) (issues: [#375](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/375))
+- [itsyogesh](https://github.com/itsyogesh) (issues: [#174](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/174))
+- [j1mmie](https://github.com/j1mmie) (issues: [#1494](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1494))
+- [jamesmorgan](https://github.com/jamesmorgan) (issues: [#62](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/62), [#656](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/656), [#892](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/892))
+- [jarindr](https://github.com/jarindr) (issues: [#814](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/814))
+- [jasonbukowski](https://github.com/jasonbukowski) (issues: [#286](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/286))
+- [jasonzhouu](https://github.com/jasonzhouu) (issues: [#2903](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2903))
+- [jataro](https://github.com/jataro) (issues: [#2032](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2032))
+- [jcbdev](https://github.com/jcbdev) (issues: [#1519](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1519))
+- [jcstein](https://github.com/jcstein) (issues: [#2779](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2779))
+- [jeansoonsik](https://github.com/jeansoonsik) (issues: [#379](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/379))
+- [jeapostrophe](https://github.com/jeapostrophe) (issues: [#1130](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1130))
+- [jeffprestes](https://github.com/jeffprestes) (issues: [#981](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/981), [#982](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/982))
+- [jennazenk](https://github.com/jennazenk) (issues: [#69](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/69), [#80](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/80))
+- [jettblu](https://github.com/jettblu) (issues: [#2860](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2860), [#2861](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2861))
+- [jgresham](https://github.com/jgresham) (issues: [#2434](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2434))
+- [jlindberg-oss](https://github.com/jlindberg-oss) (issues: [#156](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/156), [#238](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/238))
+- [jmcph4](https://github.com/jmcph4) (issues: [#1576](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1576))
+- [jochenonline](https://github.com/jochenonline) (issues: [#437](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/437))
+- [johngrantuk](https://github.com/johngrantuk) (issues: [#1012](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1012))
+- [josh-richardson](https://github.com/josh-richardson) (issues: [#1538](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1538))
+- [jrfrantz](https://github.com/jrfrantz) (issues: [#1851](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1851))
+- [jtakalai](https://github.com/jtakalai) (issues: [#1100](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1100))
+- [julien51](https://github.com/julien51) (issues: [#697](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/697))
+- [jurosh](https://github.com/jurosh) (issues: [#798](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/798))
+- [justinjmoses](https://github.com/justinjmoses) (issues: [#729](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/729))
+- [kabriel](https://github.com/kabriel) (issues: [#36](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/36))
+- [kaiansaari](https://github.com/kaiansaari) (issues: [#1104](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1104))
+- [kamescg](https://github.com/kamescg) (issues: [#816](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/816))
+- [kerzhner](https://github.com/kerzhner) (issues: [#495](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/495), [#861](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/861))
+- [kf106](https://github.com/kf106) (issues: [#2321](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2321))
+- [kimpers](https://github.com/kimpers) (issues: [#2696](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2696))
+- [kliu128](https://github.com/kliu128) (issues: [#343](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/343), [#580](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/580))
+- [knivets](https://github.com/knivets) (issues: [#3069](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3069), [#3094](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3094))
+- [krasi-georgiev](https://github.com/krasi-georgiev) (issues: [#1266](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1266))
+- [krunkosaurus](https://github.com/krunkosaurus) (issues: [#2625](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2625))
+- [krzkaczor](https://github.com/krzkaczor) (issues: [#1384](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1384))
+- [kshinn](https://github.com/kshinn) (issues: [#462](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/462), [#464](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/464), [#651](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/651), [#652](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/652), [#1798](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1798), [#1814](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1814), [#1830](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1830), [#2274](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2274), [#2652](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2652))
+- [kumavis](https://github.com/kumavis) (issues: [#1001](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1001))
+- [kyriediculous](https://github.com/kyriediculous) (issues: [#233](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/233), [#262](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/262), [#271](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/271))
+- [lastmjs](https://github.com/lastmjs) (issues: [#593](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/593), [#841](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/841))
+- [lcswillems](https://github.com/lcswillems) (issues: [#1485](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1485))
+- [ldct](https://github.com/ldct) (issues: [#318](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/318), [#364](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/364))
+- [lily-57blocks](https://github.com/lily-57blocks) (issues: [#1893](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1893))
+- [ljybill](https://github.com/ljybill) (issues: [#2320](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2320))
+- [llwslc](https://github.com/llwslc) (issues: [#1785](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1785))
+- [luyzdeleon](https://github.com/luyzdeleon) (issues: [#1030](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1030), [#1052](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1052))
+- [ly0va](https://github.com/ly0va) (issues: [#1761](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1761), [#1838](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1838))
+- [manoj398](https://github.com/manoj398) (issues: [#1345](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1345), [#1346](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1346))
+- [marcelomorgado](https://github.com/marcelomorgado) (issues: [#391](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/391))
+- [marekkirejczyk](https://github.com/marekkirejczyk) (issues: [#402](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/402))
+- [matYang](https://github.com/matYang) (issues: [#1164](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1164), [#1166](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1166))
+- [maxwolff](https://github.com/maxwolff) (issues: [#1128](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1128))
+- [mcastiglione777](https://github.com/mcastiglione777) (issues: [#1204](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1204), [#1473](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1473))
+- [mds1](https://github.com/mds1) (issues: [#1415](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1415))
+- [memoishin](https://github.com/memoishin) (issues: [#292](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/292))
+- [meteorologic](https://github.com/meteorologic) (issues: [#2430](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2430))
+- [metsawyr](https://github.com/metsawyr) (issues: [#289](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/289), [#370](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/370))
+- [mfornet](https://github.com/mfornet) (issues: [#1687](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1687))
+- [michaelsbradleyjr](https://github.com/michaelsbradleyjr) (issues: [#582](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/582))
+- [miguelmota](https://github.com/miguelmota) (issues: [#1236](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1236))
+- [mikaeldusenne](https://github.com/mikaeldusenne) (issues: [#2397](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2397))
+- [mikhailxyz](https://github.com/mikhailxyz) (issues: [#3166](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3166))
+- [mitar](https://github.com/mitar) (issues: [#592](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/592))
+- [mjpowersjr](https://github.com/mjpowersjr) (issues: [#2225](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2225))
+- [mohamedhayibor](https://github.com/mohamedhayibor) (issues: [#895](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/895), [#917](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/917), [#924](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/924))
+- [moltam89](https://github.com/moltam89) (issues: [#2691](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2691))
+- [moodysalem](https://github.com/moodysalem) (issues: [#1003](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1003))
+- [mrwillis](https://github.com/mrwillis) (issues: [#320](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/320), [#477](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/477), [#537](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/537), [#678](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/678), [#1713](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1713))
+- [mschristensen](https://github.com/mschristensen) (issues: [#306](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/306))
+- [mwamedacen](https://github.com/mwamedacen) (issues: [#1658](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1658))
+- [naddison36](https://github.com/naddison36) (issues: [#464](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/464), [#562](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/562), [#572](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/572), [#573](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/573), [#651](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/651), [#652](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/652), [#1018](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1018), [#1393](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1393))
+- [nicholasjpaterno](https://github.com/nicholasjpaterno) (issues: [#996](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/996))
+- [nionis](https://github.com/nionis) (issues: [#1458](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1458))
+- [nventuro](https://github.com/nventuro) (issues: [#1147](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1147), [#1301](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1301), [#1302](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1302))
+- [nyanpasu](https://github.com/nyanpasu) (issues: [#2780](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2780))
+- [obasekietinosa](https://github.com/obasekietinosa) (issues: [#2289](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2289))
+- [ochikov](https://github.com/ochikov) (issues: [#400](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/400))
+- [oed](https://github.com/oed) (issues: [#893](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/893), [#933](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/933))
+- [olehmisar](https://github.com/olehmisar) (issues: [#3062](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3062), [#3085](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3085))
+- [onetom](https://github.com/onetom) (issues: [#384](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/384))
+- [ouromoros](https://github.com/ouromoros) (issues: [#2995](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2995))
+- [paulrberg](https://github.com/paulrberg) (issues: [#2087](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2087))
+- [pcowgill](https://github.com/pcowgill) (issues: [#1044](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1044), [#1074](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1074))
+- [peetzweg](https://github.com/peetzweg) (issues: [#141](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/141))
+- [peterjan](https://github.com/peterjan) (issues: [#2853](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2853), [#2866](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2866))
+- [peterslany](https://github.com/peterslany) (issues: [#2834](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2834))
+- [phiresky](https://github.com/phiresky) (issues: [#695](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/695))
+- [pldespaigne](https://github.com/pldespaigne) (issues: [#504](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/504), [#629](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/629), [#741](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/741))
+- [pmjohann](https://github.com/pmjohann) (issues: [#2246](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2246))
+- [pnlp-dev](https://github.com/pnlp-dev) (issues: [#966](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/966))
+- [pointtoken](https://github.com/pointtoken) (issues: [#340](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/340))
+- [pstuermlinger](https://github.com/pstuermlinger) (issues: [#497](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/497))
+- [psytron](https://github.com/psytron) (issues: [#2976](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2976))
+- [pyggie](https://github.com/pyggie) (issues: [#796](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/796))
+- [raymogg](https://github.com/raymogg) (issues: [#338](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/338))
+- [rhlsthrm](https://github.com/rhlsthrm) (issues: [#925](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/925), [#1163](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1163))
+- [ritave](https://github.com/ritave) (issues: [#2926](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2926))
+- [rjchow](https://github.com/rjchow) (issues: [#694](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/694))
+- [roderik](https://github.com/roderik) (issues: [#152](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/152), [#971](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/971))
+- [rstormsf](https://github.com/rstormsf) (issues: [#463](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/463), [#1019](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1019), [#1291](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1291), [#1463](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1463))
+- [ruzpuz](https://github.com/ruzpuz) (issues: [#335](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/335))
+- [ryanio](https://github.com/ryanio) (issues: [#853](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/853), [#921](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/921))
+- [safead](https://github.com/safead) (issues: [#410](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/410), [#2562](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2562), [#2644](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2644))
+- [samlaf](https://github.com/samlaf) (issues: [#2336](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2336))
+- [sammosna](https://github.com/sammosna) (issues: [#3135](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3135))
+- [satyambnsal](https://github.com/satyambnsal) (issues: [#1979](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1979))
+- [shanecarey17](https://github.com/shanecarey17) (issues: [#1079](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1079))
+- [shanefontaine](https://github.com/shanefontaine) (issues: [#1798](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1798), [#1814](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1814), [#1830](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1830), [#2274](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2274), [#2652](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2652))
+- [slavik0329](https://github.com/slavik0329) (issues: [#1101](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1101))
+- [snario](https://github.com/snario) (issues: [#360](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/360))
+- [snkashis](https://github.com/snkashis) (issues: [#2354](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2354))
+- [sourabhxyz](https://github.com/sourabhxyz) (issues: [#2970](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2970))
+- [spape](https://github.com/spape) (issues: [#1686](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1686))
+- [starwalker00](https://github.com/starwalker00) (issues: [#2760](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2760))
+- [subramanianv](https://github.com/subramanianv) (issues: [#229](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/229))
+- [suchangqin](https://github.com/suchangqin) (issues: [#420](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/420))
+- [sudeepb02](https://github.com/sudeepb02) (issues: [#1189](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1189), [#1261](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1261))
+- [sulliwane](https://github.com/sulliwane) (issues: [#405](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/405))
+- [superoo7](https://github.com/superoo7) (issues: [#746](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/746))
+- [suraneti](https://github.com/suraneti) (issues: [#1271](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1271))
+- [sweetpalma](https://github.com/sweetpalma) (issues: [#355](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/355))
+- [sz-piotr](https://github.com/sz-piotr) (issues: [#828](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/828), [#829](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/829), [#2001](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2001), [#2036](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2036))
+- [tennox](https://github.com/tennox) (issues: [#1478](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1478))
+- [thegostep](https://github.com/thegostep) (issues: [#139](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/139), [#904](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/904), [#926](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/926), [#1037](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1037))
+- [thekevinbrown](https://github.com/thekevinbrown) (issues: [#226](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/226), [#1028](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1028))
+- [thomasmetta](https://github.com/thomasmetta) (issues: [#339](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/339))
+- [thundo](https://github.com/thundo) (issues: [#362](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/362))
+- [timaiv](https://github.com/timaiv) (issues: [#2845](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2845), [#2846](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2846))
+- [timoxley](https://github.com/timoxley) (issues: [#722](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/722))
+- [tkporter](https://github.com/tkporter) (issues: [#2982](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2982))
+- [tlammens](https://github.com/tlammens) (issues: [#2271](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2271), [#2527](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2527), [#2590](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2590))
+- [tlxnithin](https://github.com/tlxnithin) (issues: [#365](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/365))
+- [tobyjaguar](https://github.com/tobyjaguar) (issues: [#62](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/62), [#656](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/656), [#892](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/892))
+- [tracoco](https://github.com/tracoco) (issues: [#224](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/224), [#257](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/257))
+- [treeder](https://github.com/treeder) (issues: [#1087](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1087))
+- [tryba](https://github.com/tryba) (issues: [#2890](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2890))
+- [tynes](https://github.com/tynes) (issues: [#1136](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1136), [#2121](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2121))
+- [valentinmatter](https://github.com/valentinmatter) (issues: [#3062](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3062), [#3085](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3085))
+- [vanxh](https://github.com/vanxh) (issues: [#3082](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3082))
+- [vilsbole](https://github.com/vilsbole) (issues: [#470](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/470), [#1252](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1252), [#1255](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1255))
+- [viztor](https://github.com/viztor) (issues: [#1770](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1770))
+- [vsevdrob](https://github.com/vsevdrob) (issues: [#2407](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2407))
+- [wighawag](https://github.com/wighawag) (issues: [#614](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/614), [#733](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/733), [#822](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/822), [#1886](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1886))
+- [willrnch](https://github.com/willrnch) (issues: [#976](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/976), [#1026](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1026), [#1411](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1411))
+- [wjmelements](https://github.com/wjmelements) (issues: [#1343](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1343))
+- [wmitsuda](https://github.com/wmitsuda) (issues: [#2001](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2001), [#2036](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2036))
+- [xinbenlv](https://github.com/xinbenlv) (issues: [#3096](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/3096))
+- [yann300](https://github.com/yann300) (issues: [#281](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/281))
+- [yayajacky](https://github.com/yayajacky) (issues: [#634](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/634))
+- [ygnr](https://github.com/ygnr) (issues: [#132](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/132))
+- [yoshiwarab](https://github.com/yoshiwarab) (issues: [#1605](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1605))
+- [yosriady](https://github.com/yosriady) (issues: [#947](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/947))
+- [yqrashawn](https://github.com/yqrashawn) (issues: [#2662](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2662))
+- [yuetloo](https://github.com/yuetloo) (issues: [#1082](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1082), [#1122](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1122), [#1243](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1243))
+- [zedkai](https://github.com/zedkai) (issues: [#1629](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1629))
+- [zemse](https://github.com/zemse) (issues: [#688](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/688), [#711](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/711), [#854](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/854), [#862](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/862), [#882](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/882), [#895](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/895), [#901](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/901), [#917](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/917), [#924](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/924), [#1004](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1004), [#1047](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1047), [#1066](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1066), [#1514](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1514), [#1531](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1531), [#2940](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2940))
+- [zhaozhiming](https://github.com/zhaozhiming) (issues: [#191](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/191))
+- [zimmah](https://github.com/zimmah) (issues: [#1205](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/1205))
+- [zzmp](https://github.com/zzmp) (issues: [#2058](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2058), [#2077](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2077), [#2711](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/2711))
--- a/FUNDING.json
+++ b/FUNDING.json
@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "drips": {
-    "ethereum": {
-      "ownedBy": "0x89EdE5cBE53473A64d6C8DF14176a0d658dAAeDC"
-    }
-  }
-}
--- a/LICENSE.md
+++ b/LICENSE.md
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 MIT License

-Copyright (c) 2016-2023 Richard Moore
+Copyright (c) 2019 Richard Moore

 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@ -2,18 +2,11 @@ The Ethers Project
 ==================

 [![npm (tag)](https://img.shields.io/npm/v/ethers)](https://www.npmjs.com/package/ethers)
-[![CI Tests](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/actions/workflows/test-ci.yml/badge.svg?branch=main)](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/actions/workflows/test-ci.yml)
-![npm bundle size (version)](https://img.shields.io/bundlephobia/minzip/ethers)
-![npm (downloads)](https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/ethers)
-[![GitPOAP Badge](https://public-api.gitpoap.io/v1/repo/ethers-io/ethers.js/badge)](https://www.gitpoap.io/gh/ethers-io/ethers.js)
-[![Twitter Follow](https://img.shields.io/twitter/follow/ricmoo?style=social)](https://twitter.com/ricmoo)
+[![Node.js CI](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/workflows/Node.js%20CI/badge.svg?branch=ethers-v5-beta)](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/actions?query=workflow%3A%22Node.js+CI%22)

-----
+A complete Ethereum wallet implementation and utilities in JavaScript (and TypeScript).

-A complete, compact and simple library for Ethereum and ilk, written
-in [TypeScript](https://www.typescriptlang.org).
-
-**Features**
+**Features:**

 - Keep your private keys in your client, **safe** and sound
 - Import and export **JSON wallets** (Geth, Parity and crowdsale)
@ -21,60 +14,47 @@ in [TypeScript](https://www.typescriptlang.org).
 - Meta-classes create JavaScript objects from any contract ABI, including **ABIv2** and **Human-Readable ABI**
 - Connect to Ethereum nodes over [JSON-RPC](https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/JSON-RPC), [INFURA](https://infura.io), [Etherscan](https://etherscan.io), [Alchemy](https://alchemyapi.io), [Ankr](https://ankr.com) or [MetaMask](https://metamask.io)
 - **ENS names** are first-class citizens; they can be used anywhere an Ethereum addresses can be used
- **Small** (~144kb compressed; 460kb uncompressed)
- **Tree-shaking** focused; include only what you need during bundling
+- **Tiny** (~104kb compressed; 322kb uncompressed)
+- **Modular** packages; include only what you need
 - **Complete** functionality for all your Ethereum desires
- Extensive [documentation](https://docs.ethers.org/v6/)
+- Extensive [documentation](https://docs.ethers.io/v5/)
 - Large collection of **test cases** which are maintained and added to
- Fully written in **TypeScript**, with strict types for security and safety
+- Fully **TypeScript** ready, with definition files and full TypeScript source
 - **MIT License** (including ALL dependencies); completely open source to do with as you please


 Keep Updated
 ------------

-For advisories and important notices, follow [@ethersproject](https://twitter.com/ethersproject)
-on Twitter (low-traffic, non-marketing, important information only) as well as watch this GitHub project.
-
-For more general news, discussions, and feedback, follow or DM me,
-[@ricmoo](https://twitter.com/ricmoo) on Twitter or on the
-[Ethers Discord](https://discord.gg/qYtSscGYYc).
-
+For the latest news and advisories, please follow the
+[@ethersproject](https://twitter.com/ethersproject) on Twitter (low-traffic,
+non-marketing, important information only) as well as watch this GitHub project.

 For the latest changes, see the
-[CHANGELOG](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md).
-
-
-**Summaries**
-
- [August 2023](https://blog.ricmoo.com/highlights-ethers-js-august-2023-fb68354c576c)
- [September 2022](https://blog.ricmoo.com/highlights-ethers-js-september-2022-d7bda0fc37ed)
- [June 2022](https://blog.ricmoo.com/highlights-ethers-js-june-2022-f5328932e35d)
- [March 2022](https://blog.ricmoo.com/highlights-ethers-js-march-2022-f511fe1e88a1)
- [December 2021](https://blog.ricmoo.com/highlights-ethers-js-december-2021-dc1adb779d1a)
- [September 2021](https://blog.ricmoo.com/highlights-ethers-js-september-2021-1bf7cb47d348)
- [May 2021](https://blog.ricmoo.com/highlights-ethers-js-may-2021-2826e858277d)
- [March 2021](https://blog.ricmoo.com/highlights-ethers-js-march-2021-173d3a545b8d)
- [December 2020](https://blog.ricmoo.com/highlights-ethers-js-december-2020-2e2db8bc800a)
-
+[CHANGELOG](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md).


 Installing
 ----------

-**NodeJS**
+**node.js**

 ```
-/home/ricmoo/some_project> npm install ethers
+/home/ricmoo/some_project> npm install --save ethers
 ```

-**Browser (ESM)**
+**browser (UMD)**

-The bundled library is available in the `./dist/` folder in this repo.
+```
+<script src="https://cdn.ethers.io/lib/ethers-5.6.umd.min.js" type="text/javascript">
+</script>
+```
+
+**browser (ESM)**

 ```
 <script type="module">
-    import { ethers } from "./dist/ethers.min.js";
+    import { ethers } from "https://cdn.ethers.io/lib/ethers-5.6.esm.min.js";
 </script>
 ```

@ -82,14 +62,13 @@ The bundled library is available in the `./dist/` folder in this repo.
 Documentation
 -------------

-Browse the [documentation](https://docs.ethers.org) online:
+Browse the [documentation](https://docs.ethers.io/v5/) online:

- [Getting Started](https://docs.ethers.org/v6/getting-started/)
- [Full API Documentation](https://docs.ethers.org/v6/api/)
+- [Getting Started](https://docs.ethers.io/v5/getting-started/)
+- [Full API Documentation](https://docs.ethers.io/v5/api/)
 - [Various Ethereum Articles](https://blog.ricmoo.com/)


-
 Providers
 ---------

@ -107,30 +86,32 @@ responses, more capacity, analytics and other features like archival
 data.

 When you are ready to sign up and start using for your own keys, please
-check out the [Provider API Keys](https://docs.ethers.org/v5/api-keys/) in
+check out the [Provider API Keys](https://docs.ethers.io/v5/api-keys/) in
 the documentation.

 A special thanks to these services for providing community resources:

 - [Ankr](https://www.ankr.com/)
- [QuickNode](https://www.quicknode.com/)
 - [Etherscan](https://etherscan.io/)
 - [INFURA](https://infura.io/)
 - [Alchemy](https://dashboard.alchemyapi.io/signup?referral=55a35117-028e-4b7c-9e47-e275ad0acc6d)
+- [Pocket](https://pokt.network/pocket-gateway-ethereum-mainnet/)


-Extension Packages
+Ancillary Packages
 ------------------

-The `ethers` package only includes the most common and most core
-functionality to interact with Ethereum. There are many other
-packages designed to further enhance the functionality and experience.
+These are a number of packages not included in the umbrella `ethers` npm package, and
+additional packages are always being added. Often these packages are for specific
+use-cases, so rather than adding them to the umbrella package, they are added as
+ancillary packages, which can be included by those who need them, while not bloating
+everyone else with packages they do not need.

- [MulticallProvider](https://github.com/ethers-io/ext-provider-multicall) - A Provider which bundles multiple call requests into a single `call` to reduce latency and backend request capacity
- [MulticoinPlugin](https://github.com/ethers-io/ext-provider-plugin-multicoin) - A Provider plugin to expand the support of ENS coin types
- [GanaceProvider](https://github.com/ethers-io/ext-provider-ganache) - A Provider for in-memory node instances, for fast debugging, testing and simulating blockchain operations
- [Optimism Utilities](https://github.com/ethers-io/ext-utils-optimism) - A collection of Optimism utilities
- [LedgerSigner](https://github.com/ethers-io/ext-signer-ledger) - A Signer to interact directly with Ledger Hardware Wallets
+We will keep a list of useful packages here.
+
+- `@ethersproject/experimental` ([documentation](https://docs.ethers.io/v5/api/experimental/))
+- `@ethersproject/cli` ([documentation](https://docs.ethers.io/v5/cli/))
+- `@ethersproject/hardware-wallets` ([documentation](https://docs.ethers.io/v5/api/other/hardware/))


 License
--- a/SECURITY.md
+++ b/SECURITY.md
@ -10,9 +10,8 @@ please [contact me](mailto:github@ricmoo.com).

 | Version | Supported                                  | Initial Release   |
 | ------- | ------------------------------------------ | ----------------- |
-| 6.0.x   | :white_check_mark:                         | 2023-02-02        |
-| 5.0.x   | :white_check_mark: (security updates)      | 2020-06-12        |
-| 4.0.x   | :x:                                        | 2018-10-01        |
+| 5.0.x   | :white_check_mark:                         | 2020-06-12        |
+| 4.0.x   | :white_check_mark: (security patches only) | 2018-10-01        |
 | 3.0.x   | :x:                                        | 2018-03-05        |
 | 2.2.x   | :x:                                        | 2018-01-11        |
 | 2.1.x   | :x:                                        | 2017-05-22        |
--- a/contributors.json
+++ b/contributors.json
--- a/dist/README.md
+++ b/dist/README.md
@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-Distribution Folder
-===================
-
-The contents of this folder are for using `import` in ESM
-browser-base projects.
-
-The `ethers.js` (and `ethers.min.js`) files only include the
-English wordlist to conserve space.
-
-For additional Wordlist support, the `wordlist-extra.js` (and
-`wordlist-extra.min.js`) should be imported too.
-
-
-Notes
-----
-
-The contents are generated via the `npm build dist` target using
-`rollup` and the `/rollup.config.js` configuration.
-
-Do not modify the files in this folder. They are deleted on `build-clean`.
-
-To modify this `README.md`, see the `/output/post-build/dist`.
--- a/dist/ethers.js
+++ b/dist/ethers.js
--- a/dist/ethers.js.map
+++ b/dist/ethers.js.map
--- a/dist/ethers.min.js
+++ b/dist/ethers.min.js
--- a/dist/ethers.umd.js
+++ b/dist/ethers.umd.js
--- a/dist/ethers.umd.js.map
+++ b/dist/ethers.umd.js.map
--- a/dist/ethers.umd.min.js
+++ b/dist/ethers.umd.min.js
--- a/dist/wordlists-extra.js
+++ b/dist/wordlists-extra.js
--- a/dist/wordlists-extra.js.map
+++ b/dist/wordlists-extra.js.map
--- a/dist/wordlists-extra.min.js
+++ b/dist/wordlists-extra.min.js
--- a/docs.wrm/.gitignore
+++ b/docs.wrm/.gitignore
@ -0,0 +1 @@
+**.bak
--- a/docs.wrm/README.md
+++ b/docs.wrm/README.md
@ -1,5 +1,23 @@
-Documentation Source
-====================
+Documentation
+=============

-This folder contains all the Flatworm source for the documentation.
+These docs are built using [Flatworm Docs](https://github.com/ricmoo/flatworm).

+The output is placed in [docs](../docs) and generates both HTML and Markdown
+files.
+
+
+Building
+--------
+
+```
+/home/ricmoo/ethers.js> npm run build-docs
+```
+
+
+License
+-------
+
+All documentation for ethers.js and Flatworm is released under the
+[Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License](https://choosealicense.com/licenses/cc-by-4.0/)
+license.
--- a/docs.wrm/api-keys.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/api-keys.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+_section: Provider API Keys @<api-keys>
+
+//( **TL; DR** &ndash; sign up for your own API keys with the links below to improve your application performance )//
+
+When using a [[Provider]] backed by an API service (such as [[link-alchemy]],
+[[link-etherscan]] or [[link-infura]]), the service requires an API key,
+which allows each service to track individual projects and their usage and
+permissions.
+
+The ethers library offers default API keys for each service, so that each
+[[Provider]] works out-of-the-box.
+
+These API keys are provided as a community resource by the backend services
+for low-traffic projects and for early prototyping.
+
+Since these API keys are shared by all users (that have not acquired their
+own API key), they are aggressively throttled which means retries occur more
+frequently and the responses are slower.
+
+It is **highly recommended** that you sign up for a free API key from each service for their
+free tier, which (depending on the service) includes many advantages:
+
+- a much **higher request rate** and concurrent request limit
+- **faster** responses with fewer retries and timeouts
+- useful **metric tracking** for performance tuning and to analyze your customer behaviour
+- more **advanced APIs**, such as archive data or advanced log queries
+
+_subsection: Etherscan @NOTE<(see the [[EtherscanProvider]])> @<api-keys--etherscan>
+
+Etherscan is an Ethereum block explorer, which is possibly the most useful
+developer tool for building and debugging Ethereum applications.
+
+They offer an extensive collection of API endpoints which provide all the
+operations required to interact with the Ethereum Blockchain.
+
+[Sign up for a free API key on Etherscan](link-etherscan-signup)
+
+**Benefits:**
+
+- higher rate limit (since you are not using the [shared rate limit](link-etherscan-ratelimit))
+- customer usage metrics
+
+_definition: **Networks:**
+``homestead``, ``goerli``, ``sepolia``, ``matic``. ``maticmum``, ``arbitrum``,
+``arbitrum-goerli``, ``optimism`` and ``optimism-goerli``.
+
+
+_subsection: INFURA @NOTE<(see the [[InfuraProvider]])> @<api-keys--infura>
+
+The INFURA service has been around for quite some time and is very robust
+and reliable and highly recommended.
+
+They offer a standard JSON-RPC interface and a WebSocket interface, which makes
+interaction with standard tools versatile, simple and straightforward.
+
+[Sign up for a free Project ID on INFURA](link-infura-signup)
+
+**Benefits:**
+
+- higher rate limit
+- customer usage metrics
+- access to archive data (requires paid upgrade)
+
+_definition: **Networks:**
+``homestead``, ``goerli``, ``sepolia``, ``matic``. ``maticmum``, ``arbitrum``,
+``arbitrum-goerli``, ``optimism`` and ``optimism-goerli``.
+
+
+_subsection: Alchemy @NOTE<(see the [[AlchemyProvider]])> @<api-keys--alchemy>
+
+The Alchemy service has been around a few years and is also very robust
+and reliable.
+
+They offer a standard JSON-RPC interface and a WebSocket interface, as well
+as a collection of advanced APIs for interacting with tokens and to assist
+with debugging.
+
+[Sign up for a free API key on Alchemy](link-alchemy-signup)
+
+**Benefits:**
+
+- higher rate limit
+- customer usage metrics
+- access to advanced token balance and metadata APIs
+- access to advanced debugging trace and revert reason APIs
+
+_definition: **Networks:**
+``homestead``, ``goerli``, ``matic``. ``maticmum``, ``arbitrum``,
+``arbitrum-goerli``, ``optimism`` and ``optimism-goerli``.
+
+
+_subsection: Pocket Gateway @NOTE<(see the [[PocketProvider]])> @<api-keys--pocket-gateway>
+
+They offer a standard JSON-RPC interface using either a load-balanced
+network or non-load-balanced fleet.
+
+[Sign up for a free API key on Pocket](link-pocket-signup)
+
+**Benefits:**
+
+- customer usage metrics
+- decentralized Access to Blockchain Infrastructure
+- Stake as opposed to paying a monthly fee
+- Highly redundant global set of nodes incentivized by cryptoeconomic incentives
+
+_definition: **Networks:**
+``homestead``
+
+
+_subsection: Ankr @NOTE<(see the [[AnkrProvider]])> @<api-keys--ankr>
+
+They offer a standard JSON-RPC interface and have fairly high capacity without
+the need for an API key early on in the development cycle.
+
+[See their free tier features on Ankr](link-ankr-public)
+
+**Benefits:**
+
+- higher rate limit
+- customer usage metrics
+- access to archive data (requires paid upgrade)
+
+_definition: **Networks:**
+``homestead``, ``matic`` and ``arbitrum``
+
+
+_subsection: Creating a Default Provider @<api-keys--getDefaultProvider>
+
+The [default provider](providers-getDefaultProvider) connects to multiple
+backends and verifies their results internally, making it simple to have
+a high level of trust in third-party services.
+
+A second optional parameter allows API keys to be specified to each
+Provider created internally and any API key omitted will fallback onto
+using the default API key for that service.
+
+It is **highly recommended** that you provide an API for each service, to
+maximize your applications performance.
+
+If the API key ``"-"`` is used, the corresponding Provider will be omitted.
+
+_code: Passing API Keys into getDefaultProvider @lang<script>
+
+// Use the mainnet
+const network = "homestead";
+
+// Specify your own API keys
+// Each is optional, and if you omit it the default
+// API key for that service will be used.
+const provider = ethers.getDefaultProvider(network, {
+    etherscan: YOUR_ETHERSCAN_API_KEY,
+    infura: YOUR_INFURA_PROJECT_ID,
+    // Or if using a project secret:
+    // infura: {
+    //   projectId: YOUR_INFURA_PROJECT_ID,
+    //   projectSecret: YOUR_INFURA_PROJECT_SECRET,
+    // },
+    alchemy: YOUR_ALCHEMY_API_KEY,
+    pocket: YOUR_POCKET_APPLICATION_KEY
+    // Or if using an application secret key:
+    // pocket: {
+    //   applicationId: ,
+    //   applicationSecretKey:
+    // },
+    ankr: YOUR_ANKR_API_KEY
+});
--- a/docs.wrm/api/contract/MyToken.sol
+++ b/docs.wrm/api/contract/MyToken.sol
@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// Do not use this; it is only for an example in the docs
+
+contract MyToken {
+    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint amount);
+
+    mapping (address => uint256) _balances;
+
+    constructor(uint256 totalSupply) {
+        emit Transfer(address(0), msg.sender, totalSupply);
+        _balances[msg.sender] = totalSupply;
+    }
+
+    // Read-Only Functions
+    function balanceOf(address owner) public view returns (uint256) {
+        return _balances[owner];
+    }
+
+    function decimals() public pure returns (uint8) {
+        return 18;
+    }
+
+    function symbol() public pure returns (string memory) {
+        return "MyToken";
+    }
+
+    // Authenticated Functions
+    function transfer(address to, uint amount) public returns (bool) {
+        require(_balances[msg.sender] >= amount, "insufficient token balance");
+        _balances[msg.sender] -= amount;
+        _balances[to] += amount;
+        emit Transfer(msg.sender, to, amount);
+        return true;
+    }
+}
--- a/docs.wrm/api/contract/contract-factory.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/api/contract/contract-factory.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+_section: ContractFactory @<ContractFactory> @SRC<contracts:class.ContractFactory>
+
+To deploy a [[Contract]], additional information is needed
+that is not available on a Contract object itself.
+
+Mainly, the bytecode (more specifically the initcode) of a contract is required.
+
+The **Contract Factory** sends a special type of transaction, an initcode
+transaction (i.e. the ``to`` field is null, and the ``data`` field is the
+initcode) where the initcode will be evaluated and the result becomes the
+new code to be deployed as a new contract.
+
+_subsection: Creating Instances  @<ContractFactory--creating>
+
+_property: new ethers.ContractFactory(interface, bytecode [ , signer ]) @SRC<contracts:constructor.ContractFactory>
+
+Creates a new instance of a **ContractFactory** for the contract described
+by the //interface// and //bytecode// initcode.
+
+_property: ContractFactory.fromSolidity(compilerOutput [ , signer ]) => [[ContractFactory]]
+
+Consumes the output of the Solidity compiler, extracting the ABI
+and bytecode from it, allowing for the various formats the solc
+compiler has emitted over its life.
+
+_property: contractFactory.connect(signer) => [[ContractFactory]] @<ContractFactory-connect>
+
+Returns a **new instance** of the ContractFactory with the same //interface//
+and //bytecode//, but with a different //signer//.
+
+_subsection: Properties  @<ContractFactory--properties>
+
+_property: contractFactory.interface => [[Interface]]
+
+The [[Contract]] interface.
+
+_property: contractFactory.bytecode => string<[[DataHexString]]>
+
+The bytecode (i.e. initcode) that this **ContractFactory** will
+use to deploy the Contract.
+
+_property: contractFactory.signer => [[Signer]]
+
+The [[Signer]] (if any) this ContractFactory will use to deploy instances
+of the Contract to the Blockchain.
+
+
+_subsection: Methods  @<ContractFactory--methods>
+
+_property: contractFactory.attach(address) => [[Contract]] @<ContractFactory-attach>
+
+Return an instance of a [[Contract]] attached to //address//. This is the
+same as using the [Contract constructor](Contract--creating) with
+//address// and this the //interface// and //signerOrProvider// passed
+in when creating the ContractFactory.
+
+_property: contractFactory.getDeployTransaction(...args [ , overrides ]) => [[UnsignedTransaction]]
+
+Returns the unsigned transaction which would deploy this Contract with //args// passed
+to the Contract's constructor.
+
+If the optional //overrides// is specified, they can be used to
+override the endowment ``value``, transaction ``nonce``, ``gasLimit`` or
+``gasPrice``.
+
+_property: contractFactory.deploy(...args [ , overrides ]) => Promise<[[Contract]]> @<ContractFactory-deploy>
+
+Uses the signer to deploy the Contract with //args// passed into the constructor and
+returns a Contract which is attached to the address where this contract **will** be
+deployed once the transaction is mined.
+
+The transaction can be found at ``contract.deployTransaction``, and no interactions
+should be made until the transaction is mined.
+
+If the optional //overrides// is specified, they can be used to
+override the endowment ``value``, transaction ``nonce``, ``gasLimit`` or
+``gasPrice``.
+
+_code: Deploying a Contract @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const signer = localSigner;
+//_hide: const ContractFactory = ethers.ContractFactory;
+//_hide: const bytecode = "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";
+
+// If your contract constructor requires parameters, the ABI
+// must include the constructor
+const abi = [
+  "constructor(address owner, uint256 initialValue)",
+  "function value() view returns (uint)"
+];
+
+// The factory we use for deploying contracts
+factory = new ContractFactory(abi, bytecode, signer)
+
+// Deploy an instance of the contract
+contract = await factory.deploy("ricmoo.eth", 42);
+
+// The address is available immediately, but the contract
+// is NOT deployed yet
+//_result:
+contract.address
+//_log:
+
+// The transaction that the signer sent to deploy
+//_result:
+contract.deployTransaction
+//_log:
+
+// Wait until the transaction is mined (i.e. contract is deployed)
+//  - returns the receipt
+//  - throws on failure (the reciept is on the error)
+//_result:
+await contract.deployTransaction.wait()
+//_log:
+
+// Now the contract is safe to interact with
+//_result:
+await contract.value()
+//_log:
--- a/docs.wrm/api/contract/contract.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/api/contract/contract.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+_section: Contract @<Contract> @SRC<contracts:class.Contract>
+
+A **Contract** is an abstraction of code that has been deployed
+to the blockchain.
+
+A Contract may be sent transactions, which will trigger its code
+to be run with the input of the transaction data.
+
+_subsection: Creating Instances @<Contract--creating>
+
+_property: new ethers.Contract(address, abi, signerOrProvider) @src<contracts:class.Contract>
+
+_property: contract.attach(addressOrName) => [[Contract]]  @<Contract-attach> @SRC<contracts:BaseContract.attach>
+Returns a new instance of the **Contract** attached to a new
+address. This is useful if there are multiple similar or identical
+copies of a Contract on the network and you wish to interact with
+each of them.
+
+_property: contract.connect(providerOrSigner) => [[Contract]]  @<Contract-connect> @SRC<contracts:BaseContract.connect>
+Returns a new instance of the Contract, but connected to
+//providerOrSigner//.
+
+By passing in a [[Provider]], this will return a downgraded
+**Contract** which only has read-only access (i.e. constant calls).
+
+By passing in a [[Signer]]. this will return a **Contract** which
+will act on behalf of that signer.
+
+
+_subsection: Properties  @<Contract--properties>
+
+_property: contract.address => string<[[address]]>
+This is the address (or ENS name) the contract was constructed with.
+
+_property: contract.resolvedAddress => string<[[address]]>
+This is a promise that will resolve to the address the **Contract**
+object is attached to. If an [[address]] was provided to the constructor,
+it will be equal to this; if an ENS name was provided, this will be the
+resolved address.
+
+_property: contract.deployTransaction => [[providers-TransactionResponse]]
+If the **Contract** object is the result of a ContractFactory deployment,
+this is the transaction which was used to deploy the contract.
+
+_property: contract.interface => [[Interface]]
+This is the ABI as an [[Interface]].
+
+_property: contract.provider => [[Provider]]
+If a provider was provided to the constructor, this is that provider. If
+a signer was provided that had a [[Provider]], this is that provider.
+
+_property: contract.signer => [[Signer]]
+If a signer was provided to the constructor, this is that signer.
+
+
+_subsection: Methods @<Contract--methods>
+
+_property: contract.deployed() => Promise<[[Contract]]>  @<Contract-deployed> @SRC<contracts>
+
+_property: Contract.isIndexed(value) => boolean  @<Contract-isIndexed> @SRC<contracts>
+
+
+_subsection: Events @<Contract--events>
+
+_property: contract.queryFilter(event [ , fromBlockOrBlockHash [ , toBlock ]) => Promise<Array<Event>> @<Contract-queryFilter> @SRC<contracts>
+Return Events that match the //event//.
+
+_property: contract.listenerCount([ event ]) => number  @<Contract-listenerCount> @SRC<contracts:BaseContract.listenerCount>
+Return the number of listeners that are subscribed to //event//. If
+no event is provided, returns the total count of all events.
+
+_property: contract.listeners(event) => Array<Listener>  @<Contract-listeners> @SRC<contracts:BaseContract.listeners>
+Return a list of listeners that are subscribed to //event//.
+
+_property: contract.off(event, listener) => this  @<Contract-off> @SRC<contracts>
+Unsubscribe //listener// to //event//.
+
+_property: contract.on(event, listener) => this  @<Contract-on> @SRC<contracts>
+Subscribe to //event// calling //listener// when the event occurs.
+
+_property: contract.once(event, listener) => this  @<Contract-once> @SRC<contracts>
+Subscribe once to //event// calling //listener// when the event
+occurs.
+
+_property: contract.removeAllListeners([ event ]) => this  @<Contract-removeAllListeners> @SRC<contracts:BaseContract.removeAllListeners>
+Unsubscribe all listeners for //event//. If no event is provided,
+all events are unsubscribed.
+
+
+_subsection: Meta-Class  @<Contract--metaclass>
+
+A Meta-Class is a Class which has any of its properties determined
+at run-time. The **Contract** object uses a Contract's ABI to
+determine what methods are available, so the following sections
+describe the generic ways to interact with the properties added
+at run-time during the **Contract** constructor.
+
+
+_heading: Read-Only Methods (constant)  @<Contract--readonly>
+
+A constant method (denoted by ``pure`` or ``view`` in Solidity)
+is read-only and evaluates a small amount of EVM code against the
+current blockchain state and can be computed by asking a single
+node, which can return a result. It is therefore free and does
+not require any ether, but **cannot make changes** to the
+blockchain state..
+
+_property: contract.METHOD_NAME(...args [, overrides ]) => Promise<any>  @<Contract-functionsCall>
+The type of the result depends on the ABI. If the method returns a single
+value, it will be returned directly, otherwise a [[Result]] object will
+be returned with each parameter available positionally and if the parameter
+is named, it will also be available by its name.
+
+For values that have a simple meaning in JavaScript, the types are fairly
+straightforward; strings and booleans are returned as JavaScript strings
+and booleans.
+
+For numbers, if the **type** is in the JavaScript safe range (i.e. less
+than 53 bits, such as an ``int24`` or ``uint48``) a normal JavaScript
+number is used. Otherwise a [[BigNumber]] is returned.
+
+For bytes (both fixed length and dynamic), a [[DataHexString]] is returned.
+
+If the call reverts (or runs out of gas), a [CALL_EXCEPTION](errors--call-exception)
+will be thrown which will include:
+
+- ``error.address`` - the contract address
+- ``error.args`` - the arguments passed into the method
+- ``error.transaction`` - the transaction
+
+The //overrides// object for a read-only method may include any of:
+
+- ``overrides.from`` - the ``msg.sender`` (or ``CALLER``) to use during the
+  execution of the code
+- ``overrides.value`` - the ``msg.value`` (or ``CALLVALUE``) to use during the
+  execution of the code
+- ``overrides.gasPrice`` - the price to pay per gas (theoretically); since there
+  is no transaction, there is not going to be any fee charged, but the EVM still
+  requires a value to report to ``tx.gasprice`` (or ``GASPRICE``);
+  //most developers will not require this//
+- ``overrides.gasLimit`` - the amount of gas (theoretically) to allow a node
+  to use during the execution of the code; since there is no transaction, there
+  is not going to be any fee charged, but the EVM still processes gas metering
+  so calls like ``gasleft`` (or ``GAS``) report meaningful values
+- ``overrides.blockTag`` - a block tag to simulate the execution at, which
+  can be used for hypothetical historic analysis; note that many backends
+  do not support this, or may require paid plans to access as the node database
+  storage and processing requirements are much higher
+
+_property: contract.functions.METHOD_NAME(...args [, overrides ]) => Promise<[[Result]]>
+
+The result will always be a [[Result]], even if there is only a single
+return value type.
+
+This simplifies frameworks which wish to use the [[Contract]] object,
+since they do not need to inspect the return types to unwrap simplified
+functions.
+
+Another use for this method is for error recovery. For example, if a
+function result is an invalid UTF-8 string, the normal call using the
+above meta-class function will throw an exception. This allows using the
+Result access error to access the low-level bytes and reason for the error
+allowing an alternate UTF-8 error strategy to be used.
+
+Most developers should not require this.
+
+The //overrides// are identical to the read-only operations above.
+
+_heading: Write Methods (non-constant) @<Contract--write>
+
+A non-constant method requires a transaction to be signed and requires
+payment in the form of a fee to be paid to a miner. This transaction
+will be verified by every node on the entire network as well by the
+miner who will compute the new state of the blockchain after executing
+it against the current state.
+
+It cannot return a result. If a result is required, it should be logged
+using a Solidity event (or EVM log), which can then be queried from the
+transaction receipt.
+
+_property: contract.METHOD_NAME(...args [ , overrides ]) => Promise<[[providers-TransactionResponse]]>  @<contract-functionsSend>
+Returns a [[providers-TransactionResponse]] for the transaction after
+it is sent to the network. This requires the **Contract** has a
+signer.
+
+The //overrides// object for write methods may include any of:
+
+- ``overrides.gasPrice`` - the price to pay per gas
+- ``overrides.gasLimit`` - the limit on the amount of gas to allow the transaction
+  to consume; any unused gas is returned at the gasPrice
+- ``overrides.value`` - the amount of ether (in wei) to forward with the call
+- ``overrides.nonce`` - the nonce to use for the [[Signer]]
+
+If the ``wait()`` method on the returned [[providers-TransactionResponse]]
+is called, there will be additional properties on the receipt:
+
+- ``receipt.events`` - an array of the logs, with additional properties
+  (if the ABI included a description for the events)
+- ``receipt.events[n].args`` - the parsed arguments
+- ``receipt.events[n].decode`` - a method that can be used to parse the
+  log topics and data (this was used to compute ``args``)
+- ``receipt.events[n].event`` - the name of the event
+- ``receipt.events[n].eventSignature`` - the full signature of the event
+- ``receipt.removeListener()`` - a method to remove the listener that trigger
+  this event
+- ``receipt.getBlock()`` - a method to return the [Block](providers-Block) this event occurred in
+- ``receipt.getTransaction()`` - a method to return the
+  [Transaction](providers-TransactionResponse) this event occurred in
+- ``receipt.getTransactionReceipt()`` - a method to return the
+  [Transaction Receipt](providers-TransactionReceipt) this event occurred in
+
+
+_heading: Write Methods Analysis @<Contract--check>
+
+There are several options to analyze properties and results of a
+write method without actually executing it.
+
+_property: contract.estimateGas.METHOD_NAME(...args [ , overrides ]) => Promise<[[BigNumber]]>  @<contract-estimateGas>
+Returns the estimate units of gas that would be required to
+execute the //METHOD_NAME// with //args// and //overrides//.
+
+The //overrides// are identical to the overrides above for read-only
+or write methods, depending on the type of call of //METHOD_NAME//.
+
+_property: contract.populateTransaction.METHOD_NAME(...args [ , overrides ]) => Promise<[UnsignedTx](UnsignedTransaction)>  @<contract-populateTransaction>
+Returns an [[UnsignedTransaction]] which represents the transaction
+that would need to be signed and submitted to the network to execute
+//METHOD_NAME// with //args// and //overrides//.
+
+The //overrides// are identical to the overrides above for read-only
+or write methods, depending on the type of call of //METHOD_NAME//.
+
+_property: contract.callStatic.METHOD_NAME(...args [ , overrides ]) => Promise<any>  @<contract-callStatic>
+Rather than executing the state-change of a transaction, it is possible
+to ask a node to //pretend// that a call is not state-changing and
+return the result.
+
+This does not actually change any state, but is free. This in some cases
+can be used to determine if a transaction will fail or succeed.
+
+This otherwise functions the same as a [Read-Only Method](Contract--readonly).
+
+The //overrides// are identical to the read-only operations above.
+
+_heading: Event Filters @<Contract--filters>
+An event filter is made up of topics, which are values logged in a
+[[link-wiki-bloomfilter]], allowing efficient searching for entries
+which match a filter.
+
+_property: contract.filters.EVENT_NAME(...args) => Filter
+Return a filter for //EVENT_NAME//, optionally filtering by additional
+constraints.
+
+Only ``indexed`` event parameters may be filtered. If a parameter is
+null (or not provided) then any value in that field matches.
--- a/docs.wrm/api/contract/example.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/api/contract/example.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,402 @@
+_section: Example: ERC-20 Contract
+
+The concept of Meta-Classes is somewhat confusing, so we will go
+over a short example.
+
+A meta-class is a class which is defined at run-time. A Contract
+is specified by an //Application Binary Interface// (ABI), which describes
+the methods and events it has. This description is passed to the
+[[Contract]] object at run-time, and it creates a new Class, adding
+all the methods defined in the ABI at run-time.
+
+_subsection: Deploying a Contract
+
+Most often, any contract you will need to interact with will already
+be deployed to the blockchain, but for this example will will first
+deploy the contract.
+
+_property: new ethers.ContractFactory(abi, bytecode, signer)
+Create a new [[ContractFactory]] which can deploy a contract to the
+blockchain.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const signer = localSigner;
+//_hide: const parseUnits = utils.parseUnits;
+
+const bytecode = "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";
+
+// A Human-Readable ABI; we only need to specify relevant fragments,
+// in the case of deployment this means the constructor
+const abi = [
+    "constructor(uint totalSupply)"
+];
+
+const factory = new ethers.ContractFactory(abi, bytecode, signer)
+
+// Deploy, setting total supply to 100 tokens (assigned to the deployer)
+const contract = await factory.deploy(parseUnits("100"));
+
+// The contract is not currentl live on the network yet, however
+// its address is ready for us
+//_result:
+contract.address
+//_log:
+//_hide: _page.address = contract.address;
+
+// Wait until the contract has been deployed before interacting
+// with it; returns the receipt for the deployemnt transaction
+//_result:
+await contract.deployTransaction.wait();
+//_log:
+
+
+_subsection: Connecting to a Contract
+
+_heading: ERC20Contract @INHERIT<[[Contract]]>
+
+_property: new ethers.Contract(address, abi, providerOrSigner)
+Creating a new instance of a Contract connects to an existing
+contract by specifying its //address// on the blockchain,
+its //abi// (used to populate the class' methods) a //providerOrSigner//.
+
+If a [[Provider]] is given, the contract has only read-only access, while
+a [[Signer]] offers access to state manipulating methods.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const provider = localProvider;
+//_hide: const signer = localSigner;
+
+// A Human-Readable ABI; for interacting with the contract, we
+// must include any fragment we wish to use
+const abi = [
+    // Read-Only Functions
+    "function balanceOf(address owner) view returns (uint256)",
+    "function decimals() view returns (uint8)",
+    "function symbol() view returns (string)",
+
+    // Authenticated Functions
+    "function transfer(address to, uint amount) returns (bool)",
+
+    // Events
+    "event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint amount)"
+];
+
+// This can be an address or an ENS name
+//_hide: const address = _page.address;
+//_verbatim: `const address = ${ JSON.stringify(address) };`
+
+// Read-Only; By connecting to a Provider, allows:
+// - Any constant function
+// - Querying Filters
+// - Populating Unsigned Transactions for non-constant methods
+// - Estimating Gas for non-constant (as an anonymous sender)
+// - Static Calling non-constant methods (as anonymous sender)
+const erc20 = new ethers.Contract(address, abi, provider);
+//_hide: _page.erc20 = erc20;
+
+// Read-Write; By connecting to a Signer, allows:
+// - Everything from Read-Only (except as Signer, not anonymous)
+// - Sending transactions for non-constant functions
+const erc20_rw = new ethers.Contract(address, abi, signer);
+//_hide: _page.erc20_rw = erc20_rw;
+
+
+_subsection: Properties @NOTE<(inheritted from [[Contract]])>
+
+_property: erc20.address => string<[[address]]>
+This is the address (or ENS name) the contract was constructed with.
+
+_property: erc20.resolvedAddress => string<[[address]]>
+This is a promise that will resolve to the address the **Contract**
+object is attached to. If an [[address]] was provided to the constructor,
+it will be equal to this; if an ENS name was provided, this will be the
+resolved address.
+
+_property: erc20.deployTransaction => [[providers-TransactionResponse]]
+If the **Contract** object is the result of a ContractFactory deployment,
+this is the transaction which was used to deploy the contract.
+
+_property: erc20.interface => [[Interface]]
+This is the ABI as an [[Interface]].
+
+_property: erc20.provider => [[Provider]]
+If a provider was provided to the constructor, this is that provider. If
+a signer was provided that had a [[Provider]], this is that provider.
+
+_property: erc20.signer => [[Signer]]
+If a signer was provided to the constructor, this is that signer.
+
+
+_subsection: Methods @NOTE<(inheritted from [[Contract]])>
+
+_property: erc20.attach(addressOrName) => [[Contract]]
+Returns a new instance of the **Contract** attached to a new
+address. This is useful if there are multiple similar or identical
+copies of a Contract on the network and you wish to interact with
+each of them.
+
+_property: erc20.connect(providerOrSigner) => [[Contract]]
+Returns a new instance of the Contract, but connected to
+//providerOrSigner//.
+
+By passing in a [[Provider]], this will return a downgraded
+**Contract** which only has read-only access (i.e. constant calls).
+
+By passing in a [[Signer]]. this will return a **Contract** which
+will act on behalf of that signer.
+
+_property: erc20.deployed() => Promise<Contract>
+
+_property: Contract.isIndexed(value) => boolean
+
+
+_subsection: Events @NOTE<(inheritted from [[Contract]])> @<erc20-events>
+
+See [Meta-Class Filters](erc20-meta-events) for examples using events.
+
+_property: erc20.queryFilter(event [ , fromBlockOrBlockHash [ , toBlock ]) => Promise<Array<Event>> @<erc20-queryfilter>
+Return Events that match the //event//.
+
+_property: erc20.listenerCount([ event ]) => number
+Return the number of listeners that are subscribed to //event//. If
+no event is provided, returns the total count of all events.
+
+_property: erc20.listeners(event) => Array<Listener>
+Return a list of listeners that are subscribed to //event//.
+
+_property: erc20.off(event, listener) => this
+Unsubscribe //listener// to //event//.
+
+_property: erc20.on(event, listener) => this
+Subscribe to //event// calling //listener// when the event occurs.
+
+_property: erc20.once(event, listener) => this
+Subscribe once to //event// calling //listener// when the event
+occurs.
+
+_property: erc20.removeAllListeners([ event ]) => this
+Unsubscribe all listeners for //event//. If no event is provided,
+all events are unsubscribed.
+
+
+_subsection: Meta-Class Methods @NOTE<(added at Runtime)> @<erc20-meta-methods>
+
+Since the Contract is a Meta-Class, the methods available here depend
+on the ABI which was passed into the **Contract**.
+
+_property: erc20.decimals([ overrides ]) => Promise<number>
+Returns the number of decimal places used by this ERC-20 token. This can be
+used with [parseUnits](utils-parseUnits) when taking input from the user or
+[formatUnits](utils-formatunits] when displaying the token amounts in the UI.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const erc20 = _page.erc20;
+//_result:
+await erc20.decimals();
+//_log:
+
+_property: erc20.balanceOf(owner [, overrides ]) => Promise<[[BigNumber]]>
+Returns the balance of //owner// for this ERC-20 token.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const signer = localSigner;
+//_hide: const erc20 = _page.erc20;
+
+//_result:
+await erc20.balanceOf(signer.getAddress())
+//_log:
+
+_property: erc20.symbol([ overrides ]) => Promise<string>
+Returns the symbol of the token.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const erc20 = _page.erc20;
+//_result:
+await erc20.symbol();
+//_log:
+
+_property: erc20_rw.transfer(target, amount [, overrides ]) => Promise<[[providers-TransactionResponse]]>
+Transfers //amount// tokens to //target// from the current signer.
+The return value (a boolean) is inaccessible during a write operation
+using a transaction. Other techniques (such as events) are required
+if this value is required. On-chain contracts calling the ``transfer``
+function have access to this result, which is why it is possible.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const signer = localSigner;
+//_hide: const erc20_rw = _page.erc20_rw;
+//_hide: const parseUnits = utils.parseUnits;
+//_hide: const formatUnits = utils.formatUnits;
+
+// Before...
+//_result:
+formatUnits(await erc20_rw.balanceOf(signer.getAddress()));
+//_log:
+
+// Transfer 1.23 tokens to the ENS name "ricmoo.eth"
+//_result:
+tx = await erc20_rw.transfer("ricmoo.eth", parseUnits("1.23"));
+//_log:
+
+// Wait for the transaction to be mined...
+//_result:
+await tx.wait();
+//_log:
+
+// After!
+//_result:
+formatUnits(await erc20_rw.balanceOf(signer.getAddress()));
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+formatUnits(await erc20_rw.balanceOf("ricmoo.eth"));
+//_log:
+
+_property: erc20.callStatic.transfer(target, amount [, overrides ]) => Promise<boolean>
+Performs a dry-run of transferring //amount// tokens to //target// from
+the current signer, without actually signing or sending a transaction.
+
+This can be used to preflight check that a transaction will be successful.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const erc20_rw = _page.erc20_rw;
+//_hide: const randomWallet = ethers.Wallet.createRandom().connect(erc20_rw.provider);
+//_hide: const parseUnits = utils.parseUnits;
+
+// The signer has enough tokens to send, so true is returned
+//_result:
+await erc20_rw.callStatic.transfer("ricmoo.eth", parseUnits("1.23"));
+//_log:
+
+// A random address does not have enough tokens to
+// send, in which case the contract throws an error
+erc20_random = erc20_rw.connect(randomWallet);
+//_throws:
+await erc20_random.callStatic.transfer("ricmoo.eth", parseUnits("1.23"));
+//_log:
+
+_property: erc20.estimateGas.transfer(target, amount [, overrides ]) => Promise<[[BigNumber]]>
+Returns an estimate for how many units of gas would be required
+to transfer //amount// tokens to //target//.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const erc20_rw = _page.erc20_rw;
+//_hide: const parseUnits = utils.parseUnits;
+
+//_result:
+await erc20_rw.estimateGas.transfer("ricmoo.eth", parseUnits("1.23"));
+//_log:
+
+_property: erc20.populateTransaction.transfer(target, amount [, overrides ]) => Promise<[UnsignedTx](UnsignedTransaction)>
+Returns an [[UnsignedTransaction]] which could be signed and submitted
+to the network to transaction //amount// tokens to //target//.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const erc20_rw = _page.erc20_rw;
+//_hide: const parseUnits = utils.parseUnits;
+
+//_result:
+await erc20_rw.populateTransaction.transfer("ricmoo.eth", parseUnits("1.23"));
+//_log:
+
+_note: Note on Estimating and Static Calling
+
+When you perform a static call, the current state is taken into account as
+best as Ethereum can determine. There are many cases where this can provide
+false positives and false negatives. The eventually consistent model of the
+blockchain also means there are certain consistency modes that cannot be
+known until an actual transaction is attempted.
+
+
+_subsection: Meta-Class Filters @NOTE<(added at Runtime)> @<erc20-meta-events>
+
+Since the Contract is a Meta-Class, the methods available here depend
+on the ABI which was passed into the **Contract**.
+
+_property: erc20.filters.Transfer([ fromAddress [ , toAddress ] ]) => Filter
+Returns a new Filter which can be used to [query](erc20-queryfilter) or
+to [subscribe/unsubscribe to events](erc20-events).
+
+If //fromAddress// is null or not provided, then any from address matches.
+If //toAddress// is null or not provided, then any to address matches.
+
+_code: query filter *from* events @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const signer = localSigner;
+//_hide: const erc20 = _page.erc20;
+
+//_result:
+filterFrom = erc20.filters.Transfer(signer.address);
+//_log:
+
+// Search for transfers *from* me in the last 10 blocks
+//_result:
+logsFrom = await erc20.queryFilter(filterFrom, -10, "latest");
+//_log:
+
+// Note that the args providees the details of the event, each
+// parameters is available positionally, and since our ABI
+// included parameter names also by name
+//_result:
+logsFrom[0].args
+//_log:
+
+//_hide: _page.filterFrom = filterFrom;
+
+
+_code: query filter with *to* events @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const signer = localSigner;
+//_hide: const erc20 = _page.erc20;
+
+//_result:
+filterTo = erc20.filters.Transfer(null, signer.address);
+//_log:
+
+// Search for transfers *to* me in the last 10 blocks
+// Note: the contract transferred totalSupply tokens to us
+//       when it was deployed in its constructor
+//_result:
+logsTo = await erc20.queryFilter(filterTo, -10, "latest");
+//_log:
+
+// Note that the args providees the details of the event, each
+// parameters is available positionally, and since our ABI
+// included parameter names also by name
+//_result:
+logsTo[0].args
+//_log:
+
+//_hide: _page.filterTo = filterTo;
+
+_code: listen for events @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const erc20 = _page.erc20;
+//_hide: const filterFrom = _page.filterFrom;
+//_hide: const filterTo = _page.filterTo;
+
+// Listen to incoming events from signer:
+erc20.on(filterFrom, (from, to, amount, event) => {
+  // The `from` will always be the signer address
+});
+
+// Listen to incoming events to signer:
+erc20.on(filterTo, (from, to, amount, event) => {
+  // The `to` will always be the signer address
+});
+
+// Listen to all Transfer events:
+erc20.on("Transfer", (from, to, amount, event) => {
+  // ...
+});
+
+//_hide: erc20.removeAllListeners();
--- a/docs.wrm/api/contract/index.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/api/contract/index.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+_section: Contract Interaction @<contracts>
+
+A **Contract** object is an abstraction of a contract (EVM bytecode)
+deployed on the Ethereum network. It allows for a simple way to
+serialize calls and transactions to an on-chain contract and
+deserialize their results and emitted logs.
+
+A **ContractFactory** is an abstraction of a contract's //bytecode//
+and facilitates deploying a contract.
+
+_toc:
+    contract
+    contract-factory
+    example
--- a/docs.wrm/api/experimental.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/api/experimental.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+_section: Experimental
+
+The **Experimental** package is used for features that are not ready
+to be included in the base library. The API should not be considered
+stable and does not follow [[link-semver]] versioning, so applications
+requiring it should specify the //exact version// needed.
+
+These features are not available in the core ethers package, so to use them
+you must install the ``@ethersproject/experimental`` package and import them
+from that.
+
+_subsection: BrainWallet @<experimental-brainwallet> @INHERIT<[[Wallet]]>
+
+Ethers removed support for BrainWallets in v4, since they are unsafe and
+many can be easily guessed, allowing attackers to steal the funds. This
+class is offered to ensure older systems which used brain wallets can
+still recover their funds and assets.
+
+_property: BrainWallet.generate(username, password [ , progressCallback ]) => [[experimental-brainwallet]]
+Generates a brain wallet, with a slightly improved experience, in which
+the generated wallet has a mnemonic.
+
+_property: BrainWallet.generateLegacy(username, password [ , progressCallback ]) => [[experimental-brainwallet]]
+Generate a brain wallet which is compatible with the ethers v3 and earlier.
+
+_code: Importing @lang<script>
+
+// Node
+const { BrainWallet } = require("@ethersproject/experimental");
+
+// ESM/TypeScript
+import { BrainWallet } from "@ethersproject/experimental";
+
+
+_subsection: EIP1193Bridge @<experimental-eip1193bridge> @INHERIT<[[link-npm-events]]>
+
+The **EIP1193Bridge** allows a normal Ethers [[Signer]] and [[Provider]] to be
+exposed in as a standard [EIP-1193 Provider](link-eip-1193), which may be useful
+when interacting with other libraries.
+
+_code: Importing @lang<script>
+
+// Node
+const { Eip1193Bridge } = require("@ethersproject/experimental");
+
+// ESM/TypeScript
+import { Eip1193Bridge } from "@ethersproject/experimental";
+
+
+_subsection: NonceManager @<experimental-noncemanager> @INHERIT<[[Signer]]>
+
+The **NonceManager** is designed to manage the nonce for a Signer,
+automatically increasing it as it sends transactions.
+
+Currently the NonceManager does not handle re-broadcast. If you attempt
+to send a lot of transactions to the network on a node that does not
+control that account, the transaction pool may drop your transactions.
+
+In the future, it'd be nice if the **NonceManager** remembered transactions
+and watched for them on the network, rebroadcasting transactions that
+appear to have been dropped.
+
+Another future feature will be some sort of failure mode. For example, often
+a transaction is dependent on another transaction being mined first.
+
+_property: new NonceManager(signer)
+Create a new NonceManager.
+
+_property: nonceManager.signer => [[Signer]]
+The signer whose nonce is being managed.
+
+_property: nonceManager.provider => [[Provider]]
+The provider associated with the signer.
+
+_property: nonceManager.setTransactionCount(count) => void
+Set the current transaction count (nonce) for the signer.
+
+This may be useful in interacting with the signer outside of using
+this class.
+
+_property: nonceManager.incrementTransactionCount( [ count = 1 ]) => void
+Bump the current transaction count (nonce) by //count//.
+
+This may be useful in interacting with the signer outside of using
+this class.
+
+_code: Importing @lang<script>
+
+// Node
+const { NonceManager } = require("@ethersproject/experimental");
+
+// ESM/TypeScript
+import { NonceManager } from "@ethersproject/experimental";
--- a/docs.wrm/api/index.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/api/index.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+_section: Application Programming Interface  @<api> @NAV<API>
+
+An Application Programming Interface (API) is the formal
+specification of the library.
+
+_toc:
+    providers
+    signer
+    contract
+    utils
+    other
+    experimental
--- a/docs.wrm/api/other/assembly/api.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/api/other/assembly/api.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+_section: Utilities @<asm-utilities>
+
+_subsection: Assembler
+
+The assembler utilities allow parsing and assembling an
+[Ethers ASM Dialect](asm-dialect) source file.
+
+_property: asm.parse(code) => [[asm-node]] @<asm-parse> @SRC<asm/assembler>
+Parse an ethers-format assembly file and return the [[asm-ast]].
+
+_property: asm.assemble(node) => string<[[DataHexString]]> @SRC<asm/assembler:function.assemble>
+Performs assembly of the [[asm-ast]] //node// and return the
+resulting bytecode representation.
+
+
+_subsection: Disassembler
+
+The **Disassembler** utilities make it easy to convert bytecode
+into an object which can easily be examined for program structure.
+
+_property: asm.disassemble(bytecode) => [[asm-bytecode]] @SRC<asm/assembler>
+Returns an array of Operations given //bytecode//.
+
+_property: asm.formatBytecode(operations) => string @SRC<asm/assembler>
+Create a formatted output of an array of [[asm-operation]].
+
+_heading: Bytecode @<asm-bytecode> @INHERIT<Array\<[[asm-operation]]\>>
+
+Each array index represents an operation, collapsing multi-byte operations
+(i.e. ``PUSH``) into a single operation.
+
+_property: bytecode.getOperation(offset) => [[asm-operation]]
+Get the operation at a given //offset// into the bytecode. This ensures that
+the byte at //offset// is an operation and not data contained within a ``PUSH``,
+in which case null it returned.
+
+_heading: Operation @<asm-operation>
+
+An **Operation** is a single command from a disassembled bytecode
+stream.
+
+_property: operation.opcode => [[asm-opcode]]
+The opcode for this Operation.
+
+_property: operation.offset => number
+The offset into the bytecode for this Operation.
+
+_property: operation.pushValue => string<[[DataHexString]]>
+If the opcode is a ``PUSH``, this is the value of that push
+
+
+_subsection: Opcode @<asm-opcode> @SRC<asm/opcodes:class.Opcode>
+
+_property: asm.Opcode.from(valueOrMnemonic) => [[asm-opcode]]
+Create a new instance of an Opcode for a given numeric value
+(e.g. 0x60 is PUSH1) or mnemonic string (e.g. "PUSH1").
+
+_heading: Properties
+
+_property: opcode.value => number
+The value (bytecode as a number) of this opcode.
+
+_property: opcode.mnemonic => string
+The mnemonic string of this opcode.
+
+_property: opcode.delta => number
+The number of items this opcode will consume from the stack.
+
+_property: opcode.alpha => number
+The number of items this opcode will push onto the stack.
+
+_property: opcode.doc => string
+A short description of what this opcode does.
+
+_property: opcode.isMemory() => "read" | "write" | "full"
+Returns true if the opcode accesses memory.
+
+_property: opcode.isStatic() => boolean
+Returns true if the opcode cannot change state.
+
+_property: opcode.isJump() => boolean
+Returns true if the opcode is a jumper operation.
+
+_property: opcode.isPush() => number
+Returns 0 if the opcode is not a ``PUSH*``, or the number
+of bytes this opcode will push if it is.
--- a/docs.wrm/api/other/assembly/ast.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/api/other/assembly/ast.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+_section: Abstract Syntax Tree @<asm-ast>
+
+Parsing a file using the [Ethers ASM Dialect](asm-dialect) will
+generate an Abstract Syntax Tree. The root node will always
+be a [[asm-scopenode]] whose name is ``_``.
+
+To parse a file into an Abstract Syntax tree, use the [parse](asm-parse)
+function.
+
+
+_subsection: Types
+
+_heading: Location @<asm-location>
+
+_property: offset => number
+The offset into the source code to the start of this node.
+
+_property: length => number
+The length of characters in the source code to the end of this node.
+
+_property: source => string
+The source code of this node.
+
+
+_subsection: Nodes
+
+@TODO: Place a diagram here showing the hierarchy
+
+_heading: Node @<asm-node> @SRC<asm:class.Node>
+
+_property: node.tag => string
+A unique tag for this node for the lifetime of the process.
+
+_property: node.location => [[asm-location]]
+The source code and location within the source code that this
+node represents.
+
+
+_heading: ValueNode @<asm-valuenode> @INHERIT<[[asm-node]]> @SRC<asm:class.ValueNode>
+
+A **ValueNode** is a node which may manipulate the stack.
+
+
+_heading: LiteralNode @<asm-literalnode> @INHERIT<[[asm-valuenode]]> @SRC<asm:class.LiteralNode>
+
+_property: literalNode.value => string
+The literal value of this node, which may be a [[DataHexString]] or
+string of a decimal number.
+
+_property: literalNode.verbatim => boolean
+This is true in a [[asm-datanode]] context, since in that case the
+value should be taken verbatim and no ``PUSH`` operation should be
+added, otherwise false.
+
+
+_heading: PopNode @<asm-popnode> @INHERIT<[[asm-valuenode]]> @SRC<asm:class.PopNode>
+
+A **PopNode** is used to store a place-holder for an implicit pop from the
+stack. It represents the code for an implicit place-holder (i.e. ``$$``) or an
+explicit place-holder (e.g. ``$1``), which indicates the expected stack position
+to consume.
+
+_property: literalNode.index => number
+
+The index this **PopNode** is representing. For an implicit place-holder
+this is ``0``.
+
+
+_heading: LinkNode @<asm-linknode> @INHERIT<[[asm-valuenode]]> @SRC<asm:class.LinkNode>
+
+A **LinkNode** represents a link to another [[asm-node]]'s data,
+for example ``$foo`` or ``#bar``.
+
+_property: linkNode.label => string
+The name of the target node.
+
+_property: linkNode.type => "offset" | "length"
+Whether this node is for an offset or a length value of the
+target node.
+
+
+_heading: OpcodeNode @<asm-opcodenode> @INHERIT<[[asm-valuenode]]> @SRC<asm:class.OpcodeNode>
+
+_property: opcodeNode.opcode => [[asm-opcode]]
+The opcode for this Node.
+
+_property: opcodeNode.operands => Array<[[asm-valuenode]]>
+A list of all operands passed into this Node.
+
+
+_heading: EvaluationNode @<asm-evaluationnode> @INHERIT<[[asm-valuenode]]> @SRC<asm:class.EvaluationNode>
+
+An **EvaluationNode** is used to execute code and insert the results
+but does not generate
+any output assembly, using the ``{{! code here }}`` syntax.
+
+_property: literalNode.verbatim => boolean
+This is true in a [[asm-datanode]] context, since in that case the
+value should be taken verbatim and no ``PUSH`` operation should be
+added, otherwise false.
+
+_property: evaluationNode.script => string
+The code to evaluate and produce the result to use as a literal.
+
+
+_heading: ExecutionNode @<asm-executionnode> @INHERIT<[[asm-node]]> @SRC<asm:class.ExecutionNode>
+
+An **ExecutionNode** is used to execute code but does not generate
+any output assembly, using the ``{{! code here }}`` syntax.
+
+_property: evaluationNode.script => string
+The code to execute. Any result is ignored.
+
+
+_heading: LabelledNode @<asm-labellednode> @INHERIT<[[asm-node]]> @SRC<asm:class.LabelledNode>
+
+A **LabelledNode** is used for any Node that has a name, and can therefore
+be targeted by a [[asm-linknode]].
+
+_property: labelledNode.name => string
+The name of this node.
+
+
+_heading: LabelNode @<asm-labelnode> @INHERIT<[[asm-labellednode]]> @SRC<asm:class.LabelNode>
+
+A **LabelNode** is used as a place to ``JUMP`` to by referencing it
+name, using ``@myLabel:``. A ``JUMPDEST`` is automatically inserted
+at the bytecode offset.
+
+
+_heading: DataNode @<asm-datanode> @INHERIT<[[asm-labellednode]]> @SRC<asm:class.DataNode>
+
+A **DataNode** allows for data to be inserted directly into the output
+assembly, using ``@myData[ ... ]``. The data is padded if needed to ensure
+values that would otherwise be regarded as a ``PUSH`` value does not impact
+anything past the data.
+
+_property: dataNode.data => Array<[[asm-valuenode]]>
+The child nodes, which each represent a verbatim piece of data in insert.
+
+_heading: ScopeNode @<asm-scopenode> @INHERIT<[[asm-labellednode]]> @SRC<asm:class.ScopeNode>
+
+
+A **ScopeNode** allows a new frame of reference that all [[asm-linknode]]'s
+will use when resolving offset locations, using ``@myScope{ ... }``.
+
+_property: scopeNode.statements => Array<[[asm-node]]>
+The list of child nodes for this scope.
+
+
--- a/docs.wrm/api/other/assembly/dialect.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/api/other/assembly/dialect.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+_section: Ethers ASM Dialect @<asm-dialect>
+
+This provides a quick, high-level overview of the **Ethers ASM Dialect**
+for EVM, which is defined by the [Ethers ASM Dialect Grammar](link-ethers-asm-grammar)
+
+Once a program is compiled by a higher level language into ASM (assembly),
+or hand-coded directly in ASM, it needs to be assembled into bytecode.
+
+The assembly process performs a very small set of operations and is
+intentionally simple and closely related to the underlying EVM bytecode.
+
+Operations include embedding programs within programs (for example the
+deployment bootstrap has the runtime embedded in it) and computing the
+necessary offsets for jump operations.
+
+The [Command-Line Assembler](cli-asm) can be used to assemble an
+//Ethers ASM Dialect// file or to disassemble bytecode into its
+human-readable (ish) opcodes and literals.
+
+
+_subsection: Opcodes @<asm-dialect-opcode>
+
+An **Opcode** may be provided in either a //functional// or
+//instructional// syntax. For Opcodes that require parameters,
+the //functional// syntax is recommended and the //instructional//
+syntax will raise a warning.
+
+@TODO: Examples
+
+
+_subsection: Labels @<asm-dialect-label>
+
+A **Label** is a position in the program which can be jumped to. A
+``JUMPDEST`` is automatically added to this point in the assembled
+output.
+
+@TODO: Examples
+
+
+_subsection: Literals @<asm-dialect-literal>
+
+A **Literal** puts data on the stack when executed using a ``PUSH``
+operation.
+
+A **Literal** can be provided using a [[DataHexString]] or a decimal
+byte value.
+
+@TODO: examples
+
+
+_subsection: Comments @<asm-dialect-comment>
+
+To enter a comment in the **Ethers ASM Dialect**, any text following
+a semi-colon (i.e. ``;``) is ignored by the assembler.
+
+
+_subsection: Scopes @<asm-dialect-scope>
+
+A common case in Ethereum is to have one program embedded in another.
+
+The most common use of this is embedding a Contract **runtime bytecode**
+within a **deployment bytecode**, which can be used as **init code**.
+
+When deploying a program to Ethereum, an **init transaction** is used. An
+//init transaction// has a null ``to`` address and contains bytecode in
+the ``data``. This ``data`` bytecode is a program, that when executed
+returns some other bytecode as a result, this result is the bytecode
+to be installed.
+
+Therefore it is important that embedded code uses jumps relative to itself,
+not the entire program it is embedded in, which also means that a jump
+can **only** target its own scope, no parent or child scopes. This is
+enforced by the assembler.
+
+A scope may access the offset of any child [[asm-dialect-datasegment]] or
+child [[asm-dialect-scope]] (with respect to itself) and may access the length
+of any [[asm-dialect-datasegment]] or [[asm-dialect-scope]] anywhere in the program.
+
+Every program in the **Ethers ASM Dialect** has a top-level scope named ``_``.
+
+
+_subsection: Data Segment @<asm-dialect-datasegment>
+
+A **Data Segment** allows arbitrary data to be embedded into a program,
+which can be useful for lookup tables or deploy-time constants.
+
+An empty **Data Segment** can also be used when a labelled location is
+required, but without the ``JUMPDEST`` which a [[asm-dialect-label]] adds.
+
+@TODO: Example
+
+
+_subsection: Links @<asm-dialect-links>
+
+A **Link** allows access to a [[asm-dialect-scope]], [[asm-dialect-datasegment]] or [[asm-dialect-label]].
+
+To access the byte offset of a labelled item, use ``$foobar``.
+
+For a [[asm-dialect-label]], the target must be directly reachable within this scope. For
+a [[asm-dialect-datasegment]] or a [[asm-dialect-scope]], it can be inside the same scope or any
+child scope.
+
+For a [[asm-dialect-datasegment]] or a [[asm-dialect-label]], there is an additional type of
+**Link**, which provides the length of the data or bytecode respectively. A
+**Length Link** is accessed by ``#foobar`` and is pushed on the stack as a
+literal.
+
+
+_subsection: Stack Placeholders @<asm-dialect-placeholder>
+
+@TODO: exampl
+
+
+_subsection: Evaluation and Execution @<asm-dialect-scripting>
+
--- a/docs.wrm/api/other/assembly/index.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/api/other/assembly/index.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+_section: Assembly
+
+This module should still be considered fairly experimental.
+
+_toc:
+    dialect
+    api
+    ast
--- a/docs.wrm/api/other/hardware/index.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/api/other/hardware/index.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+_section: Hardware Wallets
+
+
+_subsection: LedgerSigner @<hw-ledger> @INHERIT<[[Signer]]> @SRC<hardware-wallets:class.LedgerSigner>
+
+The [Ledger Hardware Wallets](link-ledger) are a fairly
+popular brand.
+
+
+_code: Importing in ES6 or TypeScript @lang<script>
+
+import { LedgerSigner } from "@ethersproject/hardware-wallets";
+
+
+_heading: API
+
+_property: new LedgerSigner([provider [, type [ , path ] ] ]) => [[hw-ledger]]
+Connects to a Ledger Hardware Wallet. The //type// if left unspecified is
+determined by the environment; in node the default is "hid" and in the browser
+"u2f" is the default. The default Ethereum path is used if //path// is left unspecified.
--- a/docs.wrm/api/other/index.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/api/other/index.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+_section: Other Libraries
+
+Now that ethers is more modular, it is possible to have additional
+ancillary packages, which are not part of the core but optionally
+add functionality only needed in certain situations.
+
+_toc:
+    assembly
+    hardware
--- a/docs.wrm/api/providers/api-providers.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/api/providers/api-providers.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+_section: API Providers @<api-providers>
+
+There are many services which offer a web API for accessing
+the Ethereum Blockchain. These Providers allow connecting
+to them, which simplifies development, since you do not need
+to run your own instance or cluster of Ethereum nodes.
+
+However, this reliance on third-party services can reduce
+resilience, security and increase the amount of required trust.
+To mitigate these issues, it is recommended you use a
+[Default Provider](providers-getDefaultProvider).
+
+
+_subsection: EtherscanProvider @<EtherscanProvider> @inherit<[[BaseProvider]]> @src<providers:class.EtherscanProvider>
+
+The **EtherscanProvider** is backed by a combination of the various
+[Etherscan APIs](link-etherscan-api).
+
+_property: new ethers.providers.EtherscanProvider([ network = "homestead", [ apiKey ] ])
+Create a new **EtherscanProvider** connected to //network// with the
+optional //apiKey//.
+
+The //network// may be specified as a **string** for a common
+network name, a **number** for a common chain ID or a
+[Network Object]provider-(network).
+
+If no //apiKey// is provided, a shared API key will be used,
+which may result in reduced performance and throttled requests.
+It is highly recommended for production, you register with
+[Etherscan](link-etherscan) for your own API key.
+
+_note: Note: Default API keys
+If no //apiKey// is provided, a shared API key will be used,
+which may result in reduced performance and throttled requests.
+
+It is highly recommended for production, you register with
+[Etherscan](link-etherscan) for your own API key.
+
+
+_definition: **Supported Networks**
+
+- ``homestead`` - Homestead (Mainnet)
+- ``goerli`` - G&ouml;rli (clique testnet)
+- ``sepolia`` - Sepolia (proof-of-authority testnet)
+- ``arbitrum`` - Arbitrum Optimistic L2
+- ``arbitrum-goerli`` - Arbitrum Optimistic L2 testnet
+- ``matic`` - Polygon mainnet
+- ``maticmum`` - Polygon testnet
+- ``optimism`` - Optimism Optimistic L2
+- ``optimism-goerli`` - Optimism Optimistic L2 testnet
+
+_code: Etherscan Examples @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const EtherscanProvider = ethers.providers.EtherscanProvider;
+//_hide: const apiKey = "...";
+
+// Connect to mainnet (homestead)
+provider = new EtherscanProvider();
+
+// Connect to goerli testnet (these are equivalent)
+provider = new EtherscanProvider("goerli");
+provider = new EtherscanProvider(5);
+
+network = ethers.providers.getNetwork("goerli");
+//_hide: delete network._defaultProvider;
+//_log: network
+
+provider = new EtherscanProvider(network);
+
+// Connect to mainnet (homestead) with an API key
+provider = new EtherscanProvider(null, apiKey);
+provider = new EtherscanProvider("homestead", apiKey);
+
+
+_property: provider.getHistory(address) => Array<History> @src<providers>
+@TODO... Explain
+
+
+_subsection: InfuraProvider @<InfuraProvider> @INHERIT<[[UrlJsonRpcProvider]]> @src<providers:class.InfuraProvider>
+
+The **InfuraProvider** is backed by the popular [INFURA](link-infura)
+Ethereum service.
+
+_property: new ethers.providers.InfuraProvider([ network = "homestead", [ apiKey ] ]) @SRC<providers>
+Create a new **InfuraProvider** connected to //network// with
+the optional //apiKey//.
+
+The //network// may be specified as a **string** for a common
+network name, a **number** for a common chain ID or a
+[Network Object]provider-(network).
+
+The //apiKey// can be a **string** Project ID or an **object**
+with the properties ``projectId`` and ``projectSecret`` to
+specify a [Project Secret](link-infura-secret) which can be used
+on non-public sources (like on a server) to further secure your
+API access and quotas.
+
+_property: InfuraProvider.getWebSocketProvider([ network [ , apiKey ] ]) => [[WebSocketProvider]] @<InfuraProvider-getWebSocketProvider> @SRC<providers:InfuraProvider.getWebSocketProvider>
+Create a new [[WebSocketProvider]] using the INFURA web-socket endpoint
+to connect to //network// with the optional //apiKey//.
+
+The //network// and //apiKey// are specified the same as [the constructor](InfuraProvider).
+
+_note: Note: Default API keys
+If no //apiKey// is provided, a shared API key will be used,
+which may result in reduced performance and throttled requests.
+
+It is highly recommended for production, you register with
+[INFURA](link-infura) for your own API key.
+
+_definition: **Supported Networks**
+
+- ``homestead`` - Homestead (Mainnet)
+- ``goerli`` - G&ouml;rli (clique testnet)
+- ``sepolia`` - Sepolia (proof-of-authority testnet)
+- ``arbitrum`` - Arbitrum Optimistic L2
+- ``arbitrum-goerli`` - Arbitrum Optimistic L2 testnet
+- ``matic`` - Polygon mainnet
+- ``maticmum`` - Polygon testnet
+- ``optimism`` - Optimism Optimistic L2
+- ``optimism-goerli`` - Optimism Optimistic L2 testnet
+
+_code: INFURA Examples @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const InfuraProvider = ethers.providers.InfuraProvider;
+//_hide: const projectId = "...";
+//_hide: const projectSecret = "...";
+
+// Connect to mainnet (homestead)
+provider = new InfuraProvider();
+
+// Connect to the goerli testnet
+// (see EtherscanProvider above for other network examples)
+provider = new InfuraProvider("goerli");
+
+// Connect to mainnet with a Project ID (these are equivalent)
+provider = new InfuraProvider(null, projectId);
+provider = new InfuraProvider("homestead", projectId);
+
+// Connect to mainnet with a Project ID and Project Secret
+provider = new InfuraProvider("homestead", {
+    projectId: projectId,
+    projectSecret: projectSecret
+});
+
+// Connect to the INFURA WebSocket endpoints with a WebSocketProvider
+provider = InfuraProvider.getWebSocketProvider()
+//_hide: await provider.destroy();
+
+
+_subsection: AlchemyProvider @<AlchemyProvider> @inherit<[[UrlJsonRpcProvider]]> @src<providers:class.AlchemyProvider>
+
+The **AlchemyProvider** is backed by [Alchemy](link-alchemy).
+
+_property: new ethers.providers.AlchemyProvider([ network = "homestead", [ apiKey ] ])
+Create a new **AlchemyProvider** connected to //network// with
+the optional //apiKey//.
+
+The //network// may be specified as a **string** for a common
+network name, a **number** for a common chain ID or a
+[Network Object](providers-Network).
+
+_note: Note: Default API keys
+If no //apiKey// is provided, a shared API key will be used,
+which may result in reduced performance and throttled requests.
+
+It is highly recommended for production, you register with
+[Alchemy](link-alchemy) for your own API key.
+
+_definition: **Supported Networks**
+
+- ``homestead`` - Homestead (Mainnet)
+- ``goerli`` - G&ouml;rli (clique testnet)
+- ``arbitrum`` - Arbitrum Optimistic L2
+- ``arbitrum-goerli`` - Arbitrum Optimistic L2 testnet
+- ``matic`` - Polygon mainnet
+- ``maticmum`` - Polygon testnet
+- ``optimism`` - Optimism Optimistic L2
+- ``optimism-goerli`` - Optimism Optimistic L2 testnet
+
+_code: Alchemy Examples @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const AlchemyProvider = ethers.providers.AlchemyProvider;
+//_hide: const apiKey = "...";
+
+// Connect to mainnet (homestead)
+provider = new AlchemyProvider();
+
+// Connect to the goerli testnet
+// (see EtherscanProvider above for other network examples)
+provider = new AlchemyProvider("goerli");
+
+// Connect to mainnet with an API key (these are equivalent)
+provider = new AlchemyProvider(null, apiKey);
+provider = new AlchemyProvider("homestead", apiKey);
+
+// Connect to the Alchemy WebSocket endpoints with a WebSocketProvider
+provider = AlchemyProvider.getWebSocketProvider()
+//_hide: provider.destroy();
+
+
+_subsection: CloudflareProvider @<CloudflareProvider> @inherit<[[UrlJsonRpcProvider]]> @src<providers:class.CloudflareProvider>
+
+The CloudflareProvider is backed by the [Cloudflare Ethereum Gateway](link-cloudflare).
+
+_property: new ethers.providers.CloudflareProvider()
+Create a new **CloudflareProvider** connected to mainnet (i.e. "homestead").
+
+_definition: **Supported Networks**
+
+- ``homestead`` - Homestead (Mainnet)
+
+_code: Cloudflare Examples @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const CloudflareProvider = ethers.providers.CloudflareProvider;
+
+// Connect to mainnet (homestead)
+provider = new CloudflareProvider();
+
+
+_subsection: PocketProvider @<PocketProvider> @inherit<[[UrlJsonRpcProvider]]> @src<providers:class.PocketProvider>
+
+The **PocketProvider** is backed by [Pocket](link-pocket).
+
+_property: new ethers.providers.PocketProvider([ network = "homestead", [ apiKey ] ])
+Create a new **PocketProvider** connected to //network// with
+the optional //apiKey//.
+
+The //network// may be specified as a **string** for a common
+network name, a **number** for a common chain ID or a
+[Network Object](providers-Network).
+
+_note: Note: Default API keys
+If no //apiKey// is provided, a shared API key will be used,
+which may result in reduced performance and throttled requests.
+
+It is highly recommended for production, you register with
+[Pocket](link-pocket) for your own API key.
+
+_definition: **Supported Networks**
+
+- ``homestead`` - Homestead (Mainnet)
+- ``goerli`` - G&ouml;rli (clique testnet)
+- ``matic`` - Polygon mainnet
+- ``maticmum`` - Polygon testnet
+
+_code: Pocket Examples @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const PocketProvider = ethers.providers.PocketProvider;
+//_hide: const applicationId = "...";
+//_hide: const applicationSecretKey = "...";
+//_hide: const loadBalancer = true;
+
+// Connect to mainnet (homestead)
+provider = new PocketProvider();
+
+// Connect to the goerli testnet
+// (see EtherscanProvider above for other network examples)
+provider = new PocketProvider("goerli");
+
+// Connect to mainnet with an Application ID (these are equivalent)
+provider = new PocketProvider(null, applicationId);
+provider = new PocketProvider("homestead", applicationId);
+
+// Connect to mainnet with an application ID, application secret
+// and specify whether to use the load balances
+provider = new PocketProvider("homestead", {
+    applicationId: applicationId,
+    applicationSecretKey: applicationSecretKey,
+    loadBalancer: loadBalancer     // true or false
+});
+
+
+_subsection: AnkrProvider @<AnkrProvider> @inherit<[[UrlJsonRpcProvider]]> @src<providers:class.AnkrProvider>
+
+The **AnkrProvider** is backed by [Ankr](link-ankr).
+
+_property: new ethers.providers.AnkrProvider([ network = "homestead", [ apiKey ] ])
+Create a new **AnkrProvider** connected to //network// with
+the optional //apiKey//.
+
+The //network// may be specified as a **string** for a common
+network name, a **number** for a common chain ID or a
+[Network Object](providers-Network).
+
+_note: Note: Default API keys
+If no //apiKey// is provided, a shared API key will be used,
+which may result in reduced performance and throttled requests.
+
+It is highly recommended for production, you register with
+[Ankr](link-ankr) for your own API key.
+
+_definition: **Supported Networks**
+
+- ``homestead`` - Homestead (Mainnet)
+- ``matic`` - Polygon
+- ``arbitrum`` - Arbitrum (L2; optimistic roll-up)
+
+_code: Ankr Examples @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const AnkrProvider = ethers.providers.AnkrProvider;
+//_hide: const apiKey = "...";
+
+// Connect to mainnet (homestead)
+provider = new AnkrProvider();
+
+// Connect to polygon
+// (see EtherscanProvider above for other network examples)
+provider = new AnkrProvider("matic");
+
+// Connect to mainnet with an API Key (these are equivalent)
+provider = new AnkrProvider(null, apiKey);
+provider = new AnkrProvider("homestead", apiKey);
--- a/docs.wrm/api/providers/index.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/api/providers/index.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+_section: Providers @<providers>
+
+A **Provider** is an abstraction of a connection to the
+Ethereum network, providing a concise, consistent interface
+to standard Ethereum node functionality.
+
+The ethers.js library provides several options which should
+cover the vast majority of use-cases, but also includes the
+necessary functions and classes for sub-classing if a more
+custom configuration is necessary.
+
+Most users should use the [[providers-getDefaultProvider]].
+
+
+_subsection: Default Provider @<providers-getDefaultProvider>
+
+The default provider is the safest, easiest way to begin
+developing on //Ethereum//, and it is also robust enough
+for use in production.
+
+It creates a [[FallbackProvider]] connected to as many backend
+services as possible. When a request is made, it is sent to
+multiple backends simultaneously. As responses from each backend
+are returned, they are checked that they agree. Once a quorum
+has been reached (i.e. enough of the backends agree), the response
+is provided to your application.
+
+This ensures that if a backend has become out-of-sync, or if it
+has been compromised that its responses are dropped in favor of
+responses that match the majority.
+
+_property: ethers.getDefaultProvider([ network, [ options ] ]) => [[Provider]]
+Returns a new Provider, backed by multiple services, connected
+to //network//. If no //network// is provided, **homestead**
+(i.e. mainnet) is used.
+
+The //network// may also be a URL to connect to, such as ``http:/\/localhost:8545``
+or ``wss:/\/example.com``.
+
+The //options// is an object, with the following properties:
+
+_table: Option Properties
+
+$Alchemy:     [[link-alchemy]] API Token
+$Etherscan:   [[link-etherscan]] API Token
+$Infura:      [[link-infura]] Project ID or ``{ projectId, projectSecret }``
+$Pocket:      [[link-pocket]] Application ID or ``{ applicationId, applicationSecretKey }``
+$Quorum:      The number of backends that must agree
+              //(default: 2 for mainnet, 1 for testnets)//
+
+|    **Property**    |  **Description**  |
+|    //alchemy//     | $Alchemy          |
+|   //etherscan//    | $Etherscan        |
+|    //infura//      | $Infura           |
+|    //pocket//      | $Pocket           |
+|    //quorum//      | $Quorum           |
+
+_note: Note: API Keys
+
+It is highly recommended for production services to acquire
+and specify an API Key for each service.
+
+The default API Keys used by ethers are shared across all users,
+so services may throttle all services that are using the default
+API Keys during periods of load without realizing it.
+
+Many services also have monitoring and usage metrics, which are
+only available if an API Key is specified. This allows tracking
+how many requests are being sent and which methods are being
+used the most.
+
+Some services also provide additional paid features, which are only
+available when specifying an API Key.
+
+_subsection: Networks
+
+There are several official common Ethereum networks as well as custom
+networks and other compatible projects.
+
+Any API that accept a [[providers-Networkish]] can be passed a common
+name (such as ``"mainnet"`` or ``"goerli"``) or chain ID to use that
+network definition or may specify custom parameters.
+
+_property: ethers.providers.getNetwork(aNetworkish) => [[providers-Network]]
+
+Returns the full [[providers-Network]] for the given standard
+//aNetworkish// [[providers-Networkish]].
+
+This is useful for functions and classes which wish to accept [[providers-Networkish]]
+as an input parameter.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const getNetwork = ethers.providers.getNetwork;
+
+// By Chain Name
+//_result:
+getNetwork("homestead");
+//_hide: delete _._defaultProvider;
+//_log:
+
+// By Chain ID
+//_result:
+getNetwork(1);
+//_hide: delete _._defaultProvider;
+//_log:
+
+_heading: Custom ENS Contract
+
+One common reason to specify custom properties for a [[providers-Network]] is to override
+the address of the root ENS registry, either on a common network to intercept
+the [ENS Methods](Provider--ens-methods) or to specify the ENS registry on a
+dev network (on most dev networks you must deploy the ENS contracts manually).
+
+_code: Example: Override the ENS registry @lang<script>
+
+const network = {
+    name: "dev",
+    chainId: 1337,
+    ensAddress: customEnsAddress
+};
+
+
+_subsection: Provider Documentation
+
+_toc:
+    provider
+    jsonrpc-provider
+    api-providers
+    other
+    types
--- a/docs.wrm/api/providers/jsonrpc-provider.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/api/providers/jsonrpc-provider.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+_section: JsonRpcProvider  @<JsonRpcProvider> @INHERIT<[[BaseProvider]]> @SRC<providers:class.JsonRpcProvider>
+
+The [JSON-RPC API](link-jsonrpc) is a popular method for interacting
+with Ethereum and is available in all major Ethereum node implementations
+(e.g. [[link-geth]] and [[link-parity]]) as well as many
+third-party web services (e.g. [[link-infura]])
+
+_property: new ethers.providers.JsonRpcProvider([ urlOrConnectionInfo [ , networkish ] ])  @SRC<providers:constructor.JsonRpcProvider>
+Connect to a JSON-RPC HTTP API using the URL or [[ConnectionInfo]] //urlOrConnectionInfo//
+connected to the //networkish// network.
+
+If //urlOrConnectionInfo// is not specified, the default (i.e. ``http:/\/localhost:8545``)
+is used and if no network is specified, it will be determined automatically by querying the
+node using ``eth_chainId`` and falling back on ``eth_networkId``.
+
+_note: Note: Connecting to a Local Node
+Each node implementation is slightly different and may require specific
+command-line flags, configuration or settings in their UI to enable
+JSON-RPC, unlock accounts or expose specific APIs. Please consult
+their documentation.
+
+_property: jsonRpcProvider.connection => [[ConnectionInfo]]
+The fully formed [[ConnectionInfo]] the Provider is connected to.
+
+_property: jsonRpcProvider.getSigner([ addressOrIndex ]) => [[JsonRpcSigner]]  @<JsonRpcProvider-getSigner> @SRC<providers/json-rpc-provider>
+Returns a [[JsonRpcSigner]] which is managed by this Ethereum node, at
+//addressOrIndex//. If no //addressOrIndex// is provided, the first
+account (account #0) is used.
+
+_property: jsonRpcProvider.getUncheckedSigner([ addressOrIndex ]) => [[UncheckedJsonRpcSigner]]  @<JsonRpcProvider-getUncheckedSigner> @SRC<providers/json-rpc-provider>
+
+_property: jsonRpcProvider.listAccounts() => Promise<Array<string>>  @<JsonRpcProvider-listAccounts> @SRC<providers/json-rpc-provider>
+Returns a list of all account addresses managed by this provider.
+
+_property: jsonRpcProvider.send(method, params) => Promise<any>  @<JsonRpcProvider-send> @SRC<providers/json-rpc-provider>
+Allows sending raw messages to the provider.
+
+This can be used for backend-specific calls, such as for debugging or
+specific account management.
+
+
+_subsection: JsonRpcSigner  @<JsonRpcSigner> @INHERIT<[[Signer]]> @SRC<providers:class.JsonRpcSigner>
+A **JsonRpcSigner** is a simple Signer which is backed by a connected
+[[JsonRpcProvider]].
+
+_property: signer.provider => [[JsonRpcProvider]]
+The provider this signer was established from.
+
+_property: signer.connectUnchecked() => [[UncheckedJsonRpcSigner]]  @<JsonRpcSigner-connectUnchecked> @SRC<providers>
+Returns a new Signer object which does not perform additional checks when
+sending a transaction. See [getUncheckedSigner](JsonRpcProvider-getUncheckedSigner) for more details.
+
+_property: signer.sendUncheckedTransaction(transaction) => Promise<string<[[DataHexString]]\<32>\>>  @<JsonRpcSigner-sendUncheckedTransaction> @SRC<providers>
+Sends the //transaction// and returns a Promise which resolves to the
+opaque transaction hash.
+
+_property: signer.unlock(password) => Promise<boolean>  @<JsonRpcSigner-unlock> @SRC<providers>
+Request the node unlock the account (if locked) using //password//.
+
+
+_subsection: JsonRpcUncheckedSigner  @<UncheckedJsonRpcSigner> @INHERIT<[[Signer]]> @SRC<providers:class.UncheckedJsonRpcSigner>
+The JSON-RPC API only provides a transaction hash as the response when a
+transaction is sent, but the ethers Provider requires populating all details
+of a transaction before returning it. For example, the gas price and gas limit
+may be adjusted by the node or the nonce automatically included, in which case
+the opaque transaction hash has discarded this.
+
+To remedy this, the [[JsonRpcSigner]] immediately queries the provider for
+the details using the returned transaction hash to populate the [[providers-TransactionResponse]]
+object.
+
+Some backends do not respond immediately and instead defer releasing the
+details of a transaction it was responsible for signing until it is mined.
+
+The **UncheckedSigner** does not populate any additional information and will
+immediately return the result as a mock [[providers-TransactionResponse]]-like
+object, with most of the properties set to null, but allows access to the
+transaction hash quickly, if that is all that is required.
+
+
+_subsection: StaticJsonRpcProvider @<StaticJsonRpcProvider> @INHERIT<[[JsonRpcProvider]]> @SRC<providers:class.StaticJsonRpcProvider>
+
+An ethers Provider will execute frequent ``getNetwork`` calls to ensure
+the network calls and network being communicated with are consistent.
+
+In the case of a client like MetaMask, this is desired as the network
+may be changed by the user at any time, in such cases the cost of
+checking the chainId is local and therefore cheap.
+
+However, there are also many times where it is known the network cannot
+change, such as when connecting to an INFURA endpoint, in which case,
+the **StaticJsonRpcProvider** can be used which will indefinitely cache
+the chain ID, which can reduce network traffic and reduce round-trip
+queries for the chain ID.
+
+This [[Provider]] should **only** be used when it is known the network
+cannot change.
+
+
+_subsection: Node-Specific Methods @<JsonRpcProvider--other>
+
+Many methods are less common or specific to certain Ethereum Node implementations
+(e.g. [Parity](link-parity) vs [Geth](link-geth). These include account and admin management,
+debugging, deeper block and transaction exploration and other services (such as
+Swarm and Whisper).
+
+The [jsonRpcProvider.send](JsonRpcProvider-send) method can be used to access these.
+
+- [All JSON-RPC methods](link-json-rpc) (including the less common methods) which most
+  Ethereum Nodes support.
+- [Parity's Trace Module](link-parity-trace) can be used to trace and debug EVM
+  execution of a transaction (requires custom configuration)
+- [Geth's Debug Module](link-geth-debug) can be used to debug transactions and
+  internal cache state, etc.
+- [Additional Geth Methods](link-geth-rpc)
+- [Additional Parity Methods](link-parity-rpc)
--- a/docs.wrm/api/providers/other.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/api/providers/other.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+_section: Other Providers
+
+_subsection: FallbackProvider  @<FallbackProvider> @INHERIT<[[BaseProvider]]> @SRC<providers/fallback-provider:class.FallbackProvider>
+
+The **FallbackProvider** is the most advanced [[Provider]] available in
+ethers.
+
+It uses a quorum and connects to multiple [Providers](Provider) as backends,
+each configured with a //priority// and a //weight// .
+
+When a request is made, the request is dispatched to multiple backends, randomly
+chosen (lower-value priority backends are always selected first) and the results from
+each are compared against the others. Only once the quorum has been reached will that
+result be accepted and returned to the caller.
+
+By default the quorum requires 50% (rounded up) of the backends to agree. The //weight//
+can be used to give a backend Provider more influence.
+
+_property: new ethers.providers.FallbackProvider(providers [ , quorum ])
+Creates a new instance of a FallbackProvider connected to //providers//. If
+quorum is not specified, half of the total sum of the provider weights is
+used.
+
+The //providers// can be either an array of [[Provider]] or [[FallbackProviderConfig]].
+If a [[Provider]] is provided, the defaults are a priority of 1 and a weight of 1.
+
+_property: provider.providerConfigs => Array<[[FallbackProviderConfig]]>
+The list of Provider Configurations that describe the backends.
+
+_property: provider.quorum => number
+The quorum the backend responses must agree upon before a result will be
+resolved. By default this is //half the sum of the weights//.
+
+
+_heading: FallbackProviderConfig  @<FallbackProviderConfig>
+
+_property: fallbackProviderConfig.provider => [[Provider]]
+The provider for this configuration.
+
+_property: fallbackProviderConfig.priority => number
+The priority used for the provider. Lower-value priorities are favoured over
+higher-value priorities. If multiple providers share the same priority, they
+are chosen at random.
+
+_property: fallbackProviderConfig.stallTimeout => number
+The timeout (in ms) after which another [[Provider]] will be attempted. This
+does not affect the current Provider; if it returns a result it is counted
+as part of the quorum.
+
+Lower values will result in more network traffic, but may reduce the response
+time of requests.
+
+_property: fallbackProviderConfig.weight => number
+The weight a response from this provider provides. This can be used if a given
+[[Provider]] is more trusted, for example.
+
+
+_subsection: IpcProvider  @<IpcProvider> @INHERIT<[[JsonRpcProvider]]> @SRC<providers:class.IpcProvider>
+
+The **IpcProvider** allows the JSON-RPC API to be used over a local
+filename on the file system, exposed by Geth, Parity and other nodes.
+
+This is only available in //node.js// (as it requires file system access,
+and may have additional complications due to file permissions. See any
+related notes on the documentation for the actual node implementation websites.
+
+_property: ipcProvider.path => string
+The path this [[Provider]] is connected to.
+
+
+_subsection: JsonRpcBatchProvider  @<JsonRpcBatchProvider> @INHERIT<[[JsonRpcProvider]]> @SRC<providers:class.JsonRpcBatchProvider>
+
+The **JsonRpcBatchProvider** operated identically to any other Provider,
+except the calls are implicly batched during an event-loop and sent using
+the JSON-RPC batch protocol to the backend.
+
+This results in fewer connections and fewer requests, which may result
+in lower costs or faster responses, depending on your use case.
+
+Keep in mind some backends may not support batched requests.
+
+
+_subsection: UrlJsonRpcProvider @<UrlJsonRpcProvider> @INHERIT<[[JsonRpcProvider]]> @SRC<providers:class.UrlJsonRpcProvider>
+
+This class is intended to be sub-classed and not used directly. It
+simplifies creating a [[Provider]] where a normal [[JsonRpcProvider]]
+would suffice, with a little extra effort needed to generate the JSON-RPC
+URL.
+
+_property: new ethers.providers.UrlJsonRpcProvider([ network [ , apiKey ] ])
+Sub-classes do not need to override this. Instead they should override the
+static method ``getUrl`` and optionally ``getApiKey``.
+
+_property: urlJsonRpcProvider.apiKey => any
+The value of the apiKey that was returned from ``InheritedClass.getApiKey``.
+
+_property: InheritingClass.getApiKey(apiKey) => any
+This function should examine the //apiKey// to ensure it is valid and
+return a (possible modified) value to use in ``getUrl``.
+
+_property: InheritingClass.getUrl(network, apiKey) => string
+The URL to use for the JsonRpcProvider instance.
+
+
+
+_subsection: Web3Provider @<Web3Provider> @INHERIT<[[JsonRpcProvider]]> @SRC<providers:class.Web3Provider>
+
+The Web3Provider is meant to ease moving from a [web3.js based](link-web3)
+application to ethers by wrapping an existing Web3-compatible (such as a
+[Web3HttpProvider](link-web3-http), [Web3IpcProvider](link-web3-ipc) or
+[Web3WsProvider](link-web3-ws)) and exposing it as an ethers.js [[Provider]]
+which can then be used with the rest of the library.
+
+This may also be used to wrap a standard [EIP-1193 Provider](link-eip-1193).
+
+_property: new ethers.providers.Web3Provider(externalProvider [, network ])
+Create a new **Web3Provider**, which wraps an [EIP-1193 Provider](link-eip-1193) or
+Web3Provider-compatible Provider.
+
+_property: web3Provider.provider => Web3CompatibleProvider
+The provider used to create this instance.
+
+_heading: ExternalProvider @<Web3Provider--ExternalProvider>
+
+An **ExternalProvider** can be either one for the above mentioned Web3
+Providers (or otherwise compatible) or an [[link-eip-1193]] provider.
+
+An ExternalProvider must offer one of the following signatures, and the
+first matching is used:
+
+_property: externalProvider.request(request) => Promise<any>
+
+This follows the [[link-eip-1193]] API signature.
+
+The //request// should be a standard JSON-RPC payload, which should at
+a minimum specify the ``method`` and ``params``.
+
+The result should be the actual result, which differs from the Web3.js
+response, which is a wrapped JSON-RPC response.
+
+_property: externalProvider.sendAsync(request, callback) => void
+
+This follows the [Web3.js Provider Signature](link-web3-send).
+
+The //request// should be a standard JSON-RPC payload, which should at
+a minimum specify the ``method`` and ``params``.
+
+The //callback// should use the error-first calling semantics, so
+``(error, result)`` where the result is a JSON-RPC wrapped result.
+
+_property: externalProvider.send(request, callback) => void
+
+This is identical to ``sendAsync``. Historically, this used a synchronous
+web request, but no current browsers support this, so its use this way
+was deprecated quite a long time ago
+
+
+_subsection: WebSocketProvider @<WebSocketProvider> @INHERIT<[[JsonRpcProvider]]> @SRC<providers:class.WebSocketProvider>
+
+The **WebSocketProvider** connects to a JSON-RPC WebSocket-compatible backend
+which allows for a persistent connection, multiplexing requests and pub-sub
+events for a more immediate event dispatching.
+
+The WebSocket API is newer, and if running your own infrastructure, note that
+WebSockets are much more intensive on your server resources, as they must manage
+and maintain the state for each client. For this reason, many services may also
+charge additional fees for using their WebSocket endpoints.
+
+_property: new ethers.providers.WebSocketProvider([ url [ , network ] ])
+Returns a new [[WebSocketProvider]] connected to //url// as the //network//.
+
+If //url// is unspecified, the default ``"ws:/\/localhost:8546"`` will be used.
+If //network// is unspecified, it will be queried from the network.
--- a/docs.wrm/api/providers/provider.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/api/providers/provider.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,566 @@
+_section: Provider @<Provider>
+
+A **Provider** in ethers is a read-only abstraction to
+access the blockchain data.
+
+_note: Coming from Web3.js?
+If you are coming from Web3.js, this is one of the biggest
+differences you will encounter using ethers.
+
+The ethers library creates a strong division between the
+operation a **Provider** can perform and those of a [[Signer]],
+which Web3.js lumps together.
+
+This separation of concerns and a stricted subset of Provider
+operations allows for a larger variety of backends, a more
+consistent API and ensures other libraries to operate without
+being able to rely on any underlying assumption.
+
+_subsection: Accounts Methods  @<Provider--account-methods>
+
+_property: provider.getBalance(address [ , blockTag = latest ]) => Promise<[[BigNumber]]>  @<Provider-getBalance> @SRC<providers/base-provider>
+Returns the balance of //address// as of the //blockTag// block height.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_result:
+await provider.getBalance("ricmoo.eth");
+//_log:
+
+_property: provider.getCode(address [ , blockTag = latest ]) => Promise<string<[[DataHexString]]>>  @<Provider-getCode> @SRC<providers/base-provider>
+Returns the contract code of //address// as of the //blockTag// block height. If there is
+no contract currently deployed, the result is ``0x``.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_result:
+await provider.getCode("registrar.firefly.eth");
+//_log:
+
+_property: provider.getStorageAt(addr, pos [ , blockTag = latest ]) => Promise<string<[[DataHexString]]>>  @<Provider-getStorageAt> @SRC<providers/base-provider>
+Returns the ``Bytes32`` value of the position //pos// at address //addr//, as of the //blockTag//.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_result:
+await provider.getStorageAt("registrar.firefly.eth", 0)
+//_log:
+
+_property: provider.getTransactionCount(address [ , blockTag = latest ]) => Promise<number>  @<Provider-getTransactionCount> @SRC<providers/base-provider>
+Returns the number of transactions //address// has ever **sent**, as of //blockTag//.
+This value is required to be the nonce for the next transaction from //address//
+sent to the network.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_result:
+await provider.getTransactionCount("ricmoo.eth");
+//_log:
+
+
+_subsection: Blocks Methods  @<Provider--block-methods>
+
+_property: provider.getBlock(block) => Promise<[[providers-Block]]>  @<Provider-getBlock> @SRC<providers/base-provider>
+Get the //block// from the network, where the ``result.transactions`` is a list
+of transaction hashes.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_result:
+await provider.getBlock(100004)
+//_log:
+
+_property: provider.getBlockWithTransactions(block) => Promise<[[providers-BlockWithTransactions]]>  @<Provider-getBlockWithTransactions> @SRC<providers/base-provider>
+Get the //block// from the network, where the ``result.transactions`` is
+an Array of [[providers-TransactionResponse]] objects.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_result:
+await provider.getBlockWithTransactions(100004)
+//_log:
+
+_subsection: Ethereum Naming Service (ENS) Methods @<Provider--ens-methods>
+
+The [Ethereum Naming Service](link-ens) (ENS) allows a short and
+easy-to-remember ENS Name to be attached to any set of keys
+and values.
+
+One of the most common uses for this is to use a simple name to
+refer to an [Ethereum Address](address).
+
+In the ethers API, nearly anywhere that accepts an address, an
+ENS name may be used instead, which can simplify code and make
+reading and debugging much simpler.
+
+The provider offers some basic operations to help resolve and
+work with ENS names.
+
+_property: provider.getAvatar(name) => Promise<string>
+Returns the URL for the avatar associated to the ENS name, or null
+if no avatar was configured.
+
+_property: provider.getResolver(name) => Promise<[[EnsResolver]]>
+Returns an EnsResolver instance which can be used to further inquire
+about specific entries for an ENS name.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: provider = ethers.getDefaultProvider();
+
+// See below (Resolver) for examples of using this object
+const resolver = await provider.getResolver("ricmoo.eth");
+
+//_hide: _page.resolver = resolver;
+
+_property: provider.lookupAddress(address) => Promise<string>  @<Provider-lookupAddress> @SRC<providers/base-provider>
+Performs a reverse lookup of the //address// in ENS using the
+//Reverse Registrar//.  If the name does not exist, or the
+forward lookup does not match, ``null`` is returned.
+
+An ENS name requries additional configuration to setup a reverse
+record, they are not automatically set up.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_result:
+await provider.lookupAddress("0x5555763613a12D8F3e73be831DFf8598089d3dCa");
+//_log:
+
+_property: provider.resolveName(name) => Promise<string<[Address](address)>>  @<Provider-ResolveName> @SRC<providers/base-provider>
+Looks up the address of //name//. If the name is not owned, or
+does not have a //Resolver// configured, or the //Resolver// does
+not have an address configured, ``null`` is returned.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_result:
+await provider.resolveName("ricmoo.eth");
+//_log:
+
+
+_subsection: EnsResolver @<EnsResolver> 
+
+_property: resolver.name => string
+The name of this resolver.
+
+_property: resolver.address => string<[[address]]>
+The address of the Resolver.
+
+_property: resolver.getAddress([ cointType = 60 ]) => Promise<string>
+Returns a Promise which resolves to the [[link-eip-2304]] multicoin address
+stored for the //coinType//. By default an Ethereum [[address]]
+(``coinType = 60``) will be returned.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const resolver = _page.resolver;
+
+// By default, looks up the Ethereum address
+// (this will match provider.resolveName)
+//_result:
+await resolver.getAddress();
+//_log:
+
+// Specify the coinType for other coin addresses (0 = Bitcoin)
+//_result:
+await resolver.getAddress(0);
+//_log:
+
+_property: resolver.getAvatar() => Promise<AvatarInfo>
+Returns an object the provides the URL of the avatar and the
+linkage representing each stage in the avatar resolution.
+
+If there is no avatar found (or the owner of any NFT does not
+match the name owner), null is returned.
+
+The AvatarInfo has the properties:
+
+- ``info.linkage`` - An array of info on each step resolving the avatar
+- ``info.url`` - The URL of the avatar
+
+_property: resolver.getContentHash() => Promise<string>
+Returns a Promise which resolves to any stored [[link-eip-1577]] content hash.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const resolver = _page.resolver;
+
+//_result:
+await resolver.getContentHash();
+//_log:
+
+_property: resolver.getText(key) => Promise<string>
+Returns a Promise which resolves to any stored [[link-eip-634]] text entry for //key//.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const resolver = _page.resolver;
+
+//_result:
+await resolver.getText("email");
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+await resolver.getText("url");
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+await resolver.getText("com.twitter");
+//_log:
+
+_subsection: Logs Methods  @<Provider--log-methods>
+
+_property: provider.getLogs(filter) => Promise<Array<[[providers-Log]]>>  @<Provider-getLogs> @SRC<providers/base-provider>
+Returns the Array of [[providers-Log]] matching the //filter//.
+
+Keep in mind that many backends will discard old events, and that requests
+which are too broad may get dropped as they require too many resources to
+execute the query.
+
+
+_subsection: Network Status Methods  @<Provider--network-methods>
+
+_property: provider.getNetwork() => Promise<[[providers-Network]]>  @<Provider-getNetwork> @SRC<providers/base-provider:method.BaseProvider.getNetwork>
+Returns the [[providers-Network]] this Provider is connected to.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_result:
+await provider.getNetwork()
+//_hide: _ = utils.shallowCopy(_);
+//_hide: delete _._defaultProvider;
+//_log:
+
+_property: provider.getBlockNumber() => Promise<number>  @<Provider-getBlockNumber> @SRC<providers/base-provider>
+Returns the block number (or height) of the most recently mined block.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_result:
+await provider.getBlockNumber()
+//_log:
+
+_property: provider.getGasPrice() => Promise<[[BigNumber]]>  @<Provider-getGasPrice> @SRC<providers/base-provider>
+Returns a //best guess// of the [[gas-price]] to use in a transaction.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+// The gas price (in wei)...
+gasPrice = await provider.getGasPrice()
+//_log: gasPrice
+
+// ...often this gas price is easier to understand or
+// display to the user in gwei
+//_result:
+utils.formatUnits(gasPrice, "gwei")
+//_log:
+
+_property: provider.getFeeData() => Promise<[[providers-FeeData]]>  @<Provider-getFeeData> @SRC<abstract-provider>
+Returns the current recommended [[providers-FeeData]] to use in a transaction.
+
+For an EIP-1559 transaction, the ``maxFeePerGas`` and ``maxPriorityFeePerGas``
+should be used.
+
+For legacy transactions and networks which do not support EIP-1559, the ``gasPrice``
+should be used.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+// The gas price (in wei)...
+feeData = await provider.getFeeData()
+//_log: feeData
+
+// ...often these values are easier to understand or
+// display to the user in gwei
+//_result:
+utils.formatUnits(feeData.maxFeePerGas, "gwei")
+//_log:
+
+_property: provider.ready => Promise<[[providers-Network]]> @<Provider-ready> @src<providers/base-provider>
+Returns a Promise which will stall until the network has heen established,
+ignoring errors due to the target node not being active yet.
+
+This can be used for testing or attaching scripts to wait until the node is
+up and running smoothly.
+
+
+_subsection: Transactions Methods  @<Provider--transaction-methods>
+
+_property: provider.call(transaction [ , blockTag = latest ]) => Promise<string<[[DataHexString]]>>  @<Provider-call> @SRC<providers/base-provider>
+Returns the result of executing the //transaction//, using //call//. A call
+does not require any ether, but cannot change any state. This is useful
+for calling getters on Contracts.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_result:
+await provider.call({
+  // ENS public resolver address
+  to: "0x4976fb03C32e5B8cfe2b6cCB31c09Ba78EBaBa41",
+
+  // `function addr(namehash("ricmoo.eth")) view returns (address)`
+  data: "0x3b3b57debf074faa138b72c65adbdcfb329847e4f2c04bde7f7dd7fcad5a52d2f395a558"
+});
+//_log:
+
+_property: provider.estimateGas(transaction) => Promise<[[BigNumber]]>  @<Provider-estimateGas> @SRC<providers/base-provider>
+Returns an estimate of the amount of gas that would be required to submit //transaction//
+to the network.
+
+An estimate may not be accurate since there could be another transaction
+on the network that was not accounted for, but after being mined affected
+relevant state.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const parseEther = ethers.utils.parseEther;
+
+//_result:
+await provider.estimateGas({
+  // Wrapped ETH address
+  to: "0xC02aaA39b223FE8D0A0e5C4F27eAD9083C756Cc2",
+
+  // `function deposit() payable`
+  data: "0xd0e30db0",
+
+  // 1 ether
+  value: parseEther("1.0")
+});
+//_log:
+
+_property: provider.getTransaction(hash) => Promise<[[providers-TransactionResponse]]> @<Provider-getTransaction> @src<providers/base-provider>
+Returns the transaction with //hash// or null if the transaction is unknown.
+
+If a transaction has not been mined, this method will search the transaction
+pool. Various backends may have more restrictive transaction pool access (e.g.
+if the gas price is too low or the transaction was only recently sent and not
+yet indexed) in which case this method may also return null.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_result:
+await provider.getTransaction("0x5b73e239c55d790e3c9c3bbb84092652db01bb8dbf49ccc9e4a318470419d9a0");
+//_log:
+
+_property: provider.getTransactionReceipt(hash) => Promise<[[providers-TransactionReceipt]]> @<Provider-getTransactionReceipt> @src<providers/base-provider>
+Returns the transaction receipt for //hash// or null if the transaction
+has not been mined.
+
+To stall until the transaction has been mined, consider the ``waitForTransaction``
+method below.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_result:
+await provider.getTransactionReceipt("0x5b73e239c55d790e3c9c3bbb84092652db01bb8dbf49ccc9e4a318470419d9a0");
+//_log:
+
+_property: provider.sendTransaction(transaction) => Promise<[[providers-TransactionResponse]]>  @<Provider-sendTransaction> @SRC<providers/base-provider>
+Submits //transaction// to the network to be mined. The //transaction// **must** be signed,
+and be valid (i.e. the nonce is correct and the account has sufficient balance to pay
+for the transaction).
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const provider = localProvider;
+//_hide: const wallet = new ethers.Wallet(ethers.utils.id("HelloWorld"), provider);
+//_hide: const fundTx = await localSigner.sendTransaction({
+//_hide:   to: wallet.address,
+//_hide:   value: ethers.utils.parseEther("2.0")
+//_hide: });
+//_hide: await fundTx.wait();
+//_hide: const tx = await localSigner.populateTransaction({ to: "ricmoo.eth", value: ethers.utils.parseEther("3.14159") });
+//_hide: const signedTx = await localSigner.signTransaction(tx);
+
+//_verbatim: `const signedTx = ${ JSON.stringify(signedTx) };`
+//_result:
+await provider.sendTransaction(signedTx);
+//_log:
+
+_property: provider.waitForTransaction(hash [ , confirms = 1 [ , timeout ] ]) => Promise<[TxReceipt](providers-TransactionReceipt)>  @<Provider-waitForTransaction> @SRC<providers/base-provider>
+Returns a Promise which will not resolve until //transactionHash// is mined.
+
+If //confirms// is 0, this method is non-blocking and if the
+transaction has not been mined returns null. Otherwise,
+this method will block until the transaction has //confirms//
+blocks mined on top of the block in which is was mined.
+
+_subsection: Event Emitter Methods @<Provider--event-methods>
+
+The EventEmitter API allows applications to use an
+[[link-wiki-observer-pattern]] to register callbacks for when
+various events occur.
+
+This closely follows the Event Emitter provided by other JavaScript
+libraries with the exception that event names support some more
+[complex objects](Provider--events), not only strings. The objects
+are normalized internally.
+
+_property: provider.on(eventName, listener) => this  @<Provider-on> @SRC<providers/base-provider>
+Add a //listener// to be triggered for each //eventName// [event](Provider--events).
+
+_property: provider.once(eventName, listener) => this  @<Provider-once> @SRC<providers/base-provider>
+Add a //listener// to be triggered for only the next
+//eventName// [event](Provider--events), at which time it will be removed.
+
+_property: provider.emit(eventName, ...args) => boolean  @<Provider-emit> @SRC<providers/base-provider>
+Notify all listeners of the //eventName// [event](Provider--events),
+passing //args// to each listener. This is generally only used internally.
+
+_property: provider.off(eventName [ , listener ]) => this  @<Provider-off> @SRC<providers/base-provider>
+Remove a //listener// for the //eventName// [event](Provider--events).
+If no //listener// is provided, all listeners for //eventName// are removed.
+
+_property: provider.removeAllListeners([ eventName ]) => this  @<Provider-removeAllListeners> @SRC<providers/base-provider>
+Remove all the listeners for the //eventName// [events](Provider--events).
+If no //eventName// is provided, **all** events are removed.
+
+_property: provider.listenerCount([ eventName ]) => number  @<Provider-listenerCount> @SRC<providers/base-provider>
+Returns the number of listeners for the //eventName// [events](Provider--events).
+If no //eventName// is provided, the total number of listeners is returned.
+
+_property: provider.listeners(eventName) => Array<Listener>  @<Provider-listeners> @SRC<providers/base-provider>
+Returns the list of Listeners for the //eventName// [events](Provider--events).
+
+
+_heading: Events  @<Provider--events>
+
+Any of the following may be used as the //eventName// in the above methods.
+
+_definition: **Log Filter**
+
+A filter is an object, representing a contract log Filter, which has the optional
+properties ``address`` (the source contract) and ``topics`` (a topic-set to match).
+
+If ``address`` is unspecified, the filter matches any contract address.
+
+See [EventFilters](providers-EventFilter) for more information on filtering events.
+
+_definition: **Topic-Set Filter**
+
+The value of a **Topic-Set Filter** is a array of Topic-Sets.
+
+This event is identical to a //Log Filter// with the address omitted (i.e. from
+any contract).
+
+See [EventFilters](providers-EventFilter) for more information on filtering events.
+
+_definition: **Transaction Filter**
+
+The value of a **Transaction Filter** is any transaction hash.
+
+This event is emitted on every block that is part of a chain that
+includes the given mined transaction. It is much more common that the
+[once](Provider-once) method is used than the [on](Provider-on) method.
+
+_null:
+
+In addition to transaction and filter events, there are several named
+events.
+
+_table: Named Provider Events @style<full>
+
+$Block:    emitted when a new block is mined
+$Error:    emitted on any error
+$Pending:  emitted when a new transaction enters the memory pool; only
+           certain providers offer this event and may require
+           running your own node for reliable results
+$WillPoll: emitted prior to a polling loop is about to begin;
+           //(very rarely used by most developers)//
+$DidPoll:  emitted after all events from a polling loop are emitted;
+           //(very rarely used by most developers)//
+$Poll:     emitted during each poll cycle after `blockNumber` is updated
+           (if changed) and before any other events (if any) are emitted
+           during the poll loop;
+           //(very rarely used by most developers)//
+$Debug:    each Provider may use this to emit useful debugging information
+           and the format is up to the developer;
+           //(very rarely used by most developers)//
+
+|   **Event Name**    |  **Arguments**                   <|   **Description**  <<<|
+|    ``"block"``      |   //blockNumber//                <| $Block             <<<|
+|    ``"error"``      |   //error//                      <| $Error             <<<|
+|    ``"pending"``    |   //pendingTransaction//         <| $Pending           <<<|
+|    ``"willPoll"``   |   //pollId//                     <| $WillPoll          <<<|
+|    ``"poll"``       |   //pollId//, //blockNumber//    <| $Poll              <<<|
+|    ``"didPoll"``    |   //pollId//                     <| $DidPoll           <<<|
+|    ``"debug"``      |   provider dependent             <| $Debug             <<<|
+
+
+_code: Events Example @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const txHash = utils.id("dummy-data");
+//_hide: const myAddress = ethers.constants.HashZero;
+//_hide: const myOtherAddress = ethers.constants.HashZero;
+//_hide: const hexZeroPad = ethers.utils.hexZeroPad;
+
+provider.on("block", (blockNumber) => {
+    // Emitted on every block change
+})
+
+
+provider.once(txHash, (transaction) => {
+    // Emitted when the transaction has been mined
+})
+
+
+// This filter could also be generated with the Contract or
+// Interface API. If address is not specified, any address
+// matches and if topics is not specified, any log matches
+filter = {
+    address: "dai.tokens.ethers.eth",
+    topics: [
+        utils.id("Transfer(address,address,uint256)")
+    ]
+}
+provider.on(filter, (log, event) => {
+    // Emitted whenever a DAI token transfer occurs
+})
+
+
+// Notice this is an array of topic-sets and is identical to
+// using a filter with no address (i.e. match any address)
+topicSets = [
+    utils.id("Transfer(address,address,uint256)"),
+    null,
+    [
+        hexZeroPad(myAddress, 32),
+        hexZeroPad(myOtherAddress, 32)
+    ]
+]
+provider.on(topicSets, (log) => {
+    // Emitted any token is sent TO either address
+})
+
+
+provider.on("pending", (tx) => {
+    // Emitted when any new pending transaction is noticed
+});
+
+
+provider.on("error", (tx) => {
+    // Emitted when any error occurs
+});
+
+//_hide: provider.removeAllListeners() /* Make sure the docs build without waiting forever */
+
+_subsection: Inspection Methods  @<Provider--inspection-methods>
+
+_property: Provider.isProvider(object) => boolean  @<Provider-isProvider> @SRC<abstract-provider>
+Returns true if and only if //object// is a Provider.
+
+
+_subsection: BaseProvider @<BaseProvider> @INHERIT<[[Provider]]> @SRC<providers:class.BaseProvider>
+
+Most Providers available in ethers are sub-classes of BaseProvider, which
+simplifies sub-classes, as it handles much of the event operations, such as
+polling and formatting.
+
+_property: provider.polling => boolean
+Indicates if the Provider is currently polling. If there are no events to
+poll for or polling has been explicitly disabled, this will be false.
+
+_property: provider.pollingInterval => number
+The frequency at which the provider polls.
+
--- a/docs.wrm/api/providers/types.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/api/providers/types.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,524 @@
+_section: Types
+
+_subsection: BlockTag @<providers-BlockTag>
+A **BlockTag** specifies a specific block location in the Blockchain.
+
+- **``"latest"``** - The most recently mined block
+- **``"earliest"``** - Block #0
+- **``"pending"``** - The block currently being prepared for mining; not all
+  operations and backends support this BlockTag
+- **//number//** - The block at this height
+- **//a negative number//** - The block this many blocks ago
+- **//hex string//** - The block at this height (as a hexidecimal value)
+
+_subsection: Networkish @<providers-Networkish>
+A **Networkish** may be any of the following:
+
+- a [[providers-Network]] object
+- the name of a common network as a string (e.g. ``"homestead"``)
+- the chain ID a network as a number; if the chain ID is that of a
+  common network, the ``name`` and ``ensAddress`` will be populated, otherwise,
+  the default name ``"unknown"`` and no ``ensAddress`` is used
+
+_subsection: Network @<providers-Network>
+A **Network** represents an Ethereum network.
+
+_property: network.name => string
+The human-readable name of the network, such as ``homestead``. If the network
+name is unknown, this will be ``"unknown"``.
+
+_property: network.chainId => number
+The Chain ID of the network.
+
+_property: network.ensAddress => string<[[address]]>
+The address at which the ENS registry is deployed on this network.
+
+
+_subsection: FeeData @<providers-FeeData>
+
+A **FeeData** object encapsulates the necessary fee data required
+to send a transaction, based on the best available recommendations.
+
+_property: feeData.gasPrice => [[BigNumber]]
+The gasPrice to use for legacy transactions or networks which do not
+support EIP-1559.
+
+_property: feeData.maxFeePerGas => [[BigNumber]]
+The ``maxFeePerGas`` to use for a transaction. This is based on the
+most recent block's ``baseFee``.
+
+_property: feeData.maxPriorityFeePerGas => [[BigNumber]]
+The ``maxPriorityFeePerGas`` to use for a transaction. This accounts
+for the uncle risk and for the majority of current MEV risk.
+
+_subsection: Block @<providers-Block>
+
+_property: block.hash => string<[[DataHexString]]<32>>
+The hash of this block.
+
+_property: block.parentHash => string<[[DataHexString]]<32>>
+The hash of the previous block.
+
+_property: block.number => number
+The height (number) of this block.
+
+_property: block.timestamp => number
+The timestamp of this block.
+
+_property: block.nonce => string<[[DataHexString]]>
+The nonce used as part of the proof-of-work to mine this block.
+
+This property is generally of little interest to developers.
+
+_property: block.difficulty => number
+The difficulty target required to be met by the miner of the block.
+
+Recently the difficulty frequently exceeds the size that a JavaScript
+number can safely store (53-bits), so in that case this property may
+be null. It is recommended to use the `_difficulty` property below,
+which will always return a value, but as a [[BigNumber]].
+
+This property is generally of little interest to developers.
+
+_property: block._difficulty => [[BigNumber]]
+The difficulty target required to be met by the miner of the block,
+as a [[BigNumber]].
+
+Recently the difficulty frequently exceeds the size that a JavaScript
+number can safely store (53-bits), so this property was added to
+safely encode the value for applications that require it.
+
+This property is generally of little interest to developers.
+
+_property: block.gasLimit => [[BigNumber]]
+The maximum amount of gas that this block was permitted to use. This
+is a value that can be voted up or voted down by miners and is used
+to automatically adjust the bandwidth requirements of the network.
+
+This property is generally of little interest to developers.
+
+_property: block.gasUsed => [[BigNumber]]
+The total amount of gas used by all transactions in this block.
+
+_property: block.miner => string
+The coinbase address of this block, which indicates the address the
+miner that mined this block would like the subsidy reward to go to.
+
+_property: block.extraData => string
+This is extra data a miner may choose to include when mining a block.
+
+This property is generally of little interest to developers.
+
+_heading: Block (with transaction hashes)
+
+Often only the hashes of the transactions included in a block are needed,
+so by default a block only contains this information, as it is
+substantially less data.
+
+_property: block.transactions => Array<string<[[DataHexString]]<32>>>
+A list of the transactions hashes for each transaction this block
+includes.
+
+_heading: BlockWithTransactions @<providers-BlockWithTransactions> @INHERIT<[Block](providers-Block)>
+
+If all transactions for a block are needed, this object instead includes
+the full details on each transaction.
+
+_property: block.transactions => Array<[[providers-TransactionResponse]]>
+A list of the transactions this block includes.
+
+
+_subsection: Events and Logs
+
+_heading: EventFilter @<providers-EventFilter>
+
+_property: filter.address => string<[[address]]>
+The address to filter by, or ``null`` to match any address.
+
+_property: filter.topics => Array<string<[Data](DataHexString)<32>> | Array<string<[Data](DataHexString)<32>>>>
+The topics to filter by or ``null`` to match any topics.
+
+Each entry represents an **AND** condition that must match, or may
+be ``null`` to match anything. If a given entry is an Array, then
+that entry is treated as an **OR** for any value in the entry.
+
+See [Filters](events--filters) for more details and examples
+on specifying complex filters.
+
+_heading: Filter @<providers-Filter> @INHERIT<[[providers-EventFilter]]>
+
+_property: filter.fromBlock => [[providers-BlockTag]]
+The starting block (inclusive) to search for logs matching the filter criteria.
+
+_property: filter.toBlock => [[providers-BlockTag]]
+The end block (inclusive) to search for logs matching the filter criteria.
+
+_heading: FilterByBlockHash @<providers-FilterByBlockHash> @INHERIT<[[providers-EventFilter]]>
+
+_property: filter.blockHash => string<[[DataHexString]]<32>>
+The specific block (by its block hash) to search for logs matching the filter criteria.
+
+
+_heading: Log @<providers-Log>
+
+_property: log.blockNumber => number
+The block height (number) of the block including the transaction of this log.
+
+_property: log.blockHash => string<[[DataHexString]]<32>>
+The block hash of the block including the transaction of this log.
+
+_property: log.removed => boolean
+During a re-org, if a transaction is orphaned, this will be set to true
+to indicate the Log entry has been removed; it will likely be emitted
+again in the near future when another block is mined with the transaction
+that triggered this log, but keep in mind the values may change.
+
+_property: log.address => string<[[address]]>
+The address of the contract that generated this log.
+
+_property: log.data => string<[[DataHexString]]>
+The data included in this log.
+
+_property: log.topics => Array<string<[[DataHexString]]<32> > >
+The list of topics (indexed properties) for this log.
+
+_property: log.transactionHash => string<[[DataHexString]]<32>>
+The transaction hash of the transaction of this log.
+
+_property: log.transactionIndex => number
+The index of the transaction in the block of the transaction of this log.
+
+_property: log.logIndex => number
+The index of this log across all logs in the entire **block**.
+
+
+_subsection: Transactions
+
+_heading: TransactionRequest @<providers-TransactionRequest>
+
+A transaction request describes a transaction that is to
+be sent to the network or otherwise processed.
+
+All fields are optional and may be a promise which resolves
+to the required type.
+
+_property: transactionRequest.to => string | Promise<string>
+The address (or ENS name) this transaction it to.
+
+_property: transactionRequest.from => string<[[address]]> | Promise<string<[[address]]>>
+The address this transaction is from.
+
+_property: transactionRequest.nonce => number | Promise<number>
+The nonce for this transaction. This should be set to the number of
+transactions ever sent **from** this address.
+
+_property: transactionRequest.data => [[DataHexString]] | Promise<[[DataHexString]]>
+The transaction data.
+
+_property: transactionRequest.value => [[BigNumber]] | Promise<[[BigNumber]]>
+The amount (in wei) this transaction is sending.
+
+_property: transactionRequest.gasLimit => [[BigNumber]] | Promise<[[BigNumber]]>
+The maximum amount of gas this transaction is permitted to use.
+
+If left unspecified, ethers will use ``estimateGas`` to determine the value
+to use. For transactions with unpredicatable gas estimates, this may be required
+to specify explicitly.
+
+_property: transactionRequest.gasPrice => [[BigNumber]] | Promise<[[BigNumber]]>
+The price (in wei) per unit of gas this transaction will pay.
+
+This may not be specified for transactions with ``type`` set to ``1`` or ``2``, or
+if ``maxFeePerGas`` or ``maxPriorityFeePerGas`` is given.
+
+_property: transactionRequest.maxFeePerGas => [[BigNumber]] | Promise<[[BigNumber]]>
+The maximum price (in wei) per unit of gas this transaction will pay for the
+combined [[link-eip-1559]] block's base fee and this transaction's priority fee.
+
+Most developers should leave this unspecified and use the default value that
+ethers determines from the network.
+
+This may not be specified for transactions with ``type`` set to ``0`` or if ``gasPrice``
+is specified..
+
+_property: transactionRequest.maxPriorityFeePerGas => [[BigNumber]] | Promise<[[BigNumber]]>
+The price (in wei) per unit of gas this transaction will allow in addition to
+the [[link-eip-1559]] block's base fee to bribe miners into giving this transaction
+priority. This is **included in** the ``maxFeePerGas``, so this will **not affect**
+the total maximum cost set with ``maxFeePerGas``.
+
+Most developers should leave this unspecified and use the default value that
+ethers determines from the network.
+
+This may not be specified for transactions with ``type`` set to ``0`` or if ``gasPrice``
+is specified.
+
+_property: transactionRequest.chainId => number | Promise<number>
+The chain ID this transaction is authorized on, as specified by
+[EIP-155](link-eip-155).
+
+If the chain ID is 0 will disable EIP-155 and the transaction will be valid
+on any network. This can be **dangerous** and care should be taken, since it
+allows transactions to be replayed on networks that were possibly not
+intended. Intentionally-replayable transactions are also disabled by default
+on recent versions of Geth and require configuration to enable.
+
+_property: transactionRequest.type => null | number
+
+The [[link-eip-2718]] type of this transaction envelope, or ``null``
+for to use the network default. To force using a lagacy transaction
+without an envelope, use type ``0``.
+
+_property: transactionRequest.accessList => [[providers-AccessListish]]
+
+The [[providers-AccessList]] to include; only available for [[link-eip-2930]]
+and [[link-eip-1559]] transactions.
+
+_heading: TransactionResponse @<providers-TransactionResponse> @INHERIT<[[Transaction]]>
+
+A **TransactionResponse** includes all properties of a [[Transaction]] as well as several
+properties that are useful once it has been mined.
+
+_property: transaction.blockNumber => number
+The number ("height") of the block this transaction was mined in. If the block has not been mined,
+this is ``null``.
+
+_property: transaction.blockHash => string<[[DataHexString]]<32>>
+The hash of the block this transaction was mined in. If the block has not been mined,
+this is ``null``.
+
+_property: transaction.timestamp => number
+The timestamp of the block this transaction was mined in. If the block has not been mined,
+this is ``null``.
+
+_property: transaction.confirmations => number
+The number of blocks that have been mined (including the initial block) since this
+transaction was mined.
+
+_property: transaction.raw => string<[[DataHexString]]>
+The serialized transaction. This may be null as some backends do not
+populate it. If this is required, it can be computed from a **TransactionResponse**
+object using [this cookbook recipe](cookbook--compute-raw-transaction).
+
+_property: transaction.wait([ confirms = 1 ]) => Promise<[[providers-TransactionReceipt]]>
+Resolves to the [[providers-TransactionReceipt]] once the transaction
+has been included in the chain for //confirms// blocks. If //confirms//
+is 0, and the transaction has not been mined, ``null`` is returned.
+
+If the transaction execution failed (i.e. the receipt status is ``0``),
+a [CALL_EXCEPTION](errors--call-exception) error will be rejected with
+the following properties:
+
+- ``error.transaction`` - the original transaction
+- ``error.transactionHash`` - the hash of the transaction
+- ``error.receipt`` - the actual receipt, with the status of ``0``
+
+If the transaction is replaced by another transaction, a
+[TRANSACTION_REPLACED](errors--transaction-replaced) error will be rejected
+with the following properties:
+
+- ``error.hash`` - the hash of the original transaction which was replaced
+- ``error.reason`` - a string reason; one of ``"repriced"``, ``"cancelled"`` or ``"replaced"``
+- ``error.cancelled`` - a boolean; a ``"repriced"`` transaction is not considered cancelled, but ``"cancelled"`` and ``"replaced"`` are
+- ``error.replacement`` - the replacement transaction (a [[providers-TransactionResponse]])
+- ``error.receipt`` - the receipt of the replacement transaction (a [[providers-TransactionReceipt]])
+
+Transactions are replaced when the user uses an option in their client to
+send a new transaction from the same account with the original ``nonce``.
+This is usually to speed up a transaction or to cancel one, by bribing
+miners with additional fees to prefer the new transaction over the original one.
+
+_property: transactionRequest.type => number
+The [[link-eip-2718]] type of this transaction. If the transaction
+is a legacy transaction without an envelope, it will have the type ``0``.
+
+_property: transactionRequest.accessList => [[providers-AccessList]]
+The [[providers-AccessList]] included, or null for transaction types which
+do not support access lists.
+
+_heading: TransactionReceipt @<providers-TransactionReceipt>
+
+_property: receipt.to => string<[[address]]>
+The address this transaction is to. This is ``null`` if the
+transaction was an **init transaction**, used to deploy a contract.
+
+_property: receipt.from => string<[[address]]>
+The address this transaction is from.
+
+_property: receipt.contractAddress => string<[[address]]>
+If this transaction has a ``null`` to address, it is an **init transaction**
+used to deploy a contract, in which case this is the address created by that
+contract.
+
+To compute a contract address, the [getContractAddress](utils-getContractAddress)
+utility function can also be used with a [[providers-TransactionResponse]]
+object, which requires the transaction nonce and the address of the sender.
+
+_property: receipt.transactionIndex => number
+The index of this transaction in the list of transactions included in
+the block this transaction was mined in.
+
+_property: receipt.type => number
+The [[link-eip-2718]] type of this transaction. If the transaction
+is a legacy transaction without an envelope, it will have the type ``0``.
+
+_property: receipt.root => string
+The intermediate state root of a receipt.
+
+Only transactions included in blocks **before** the [Byzantium Hard Fork](link-eip-609)
+have this property, as it was replaced by the ``status`` property.
+
+The property is generally of little use to developers. At the time
+it could be used to verify a state transition with a fraud-proof
+only considering the single transaction; without it the full block
+must be considered.
+
+_property: receipt.gasUsed => [[BigNumber]]
+The amount of gas actually used by this transaction.
+
+_property: receipt.effectiveGasPrice => [[BigNumber]]
+The effective gas price the transaction was charged at.
+
+Prior to EIP-1559 or on chains that do not support it, this value will
+simply be equal to the transaction ``gasPrice``.
+
+On EIP-1559 chains, this is equal to the block ``baseFee`` for the block
+that the transaction was included in, plus the transaction
+``maxPriorityFeePerGas`` clamped to the transaction ``maxFeePerGas``.
+
+_property: receipt.logsBloom => string<[[DataHexString]]>
+A [bloom-filter](link-wiki-bloomfilter), which
+includes all the addresses and topics included in any log in this
+transaction.
+
+_property: receipt.blockHash => string<[[DataHexString]]<32>>
+The block hash of the block that this transaction was included in.
+
+_property: receipt.transactionHash => string<[[DataHexString]]<32>>
+The transaction hash of this transaction.
+
+_property: receipt.logs => Array<[[providers-Log]]>
+All the logs emitted by this transaction.
+
+_property: receipt.blockNumber => number
+The block height (number) of the block that this transaction was
+included in.
+
+_property: receipt.confirmations => number
+The number of blocks that have been mined since this transaction,
+including the actual block it was mined in.
+
+_property: receipt.cumulativeGasUsed => [[BigNumber]]
+For the block this transaction was included in, this is the sum of the
+gas used by each transaction in the ordered list of transactions
+up to (and including) this transaction.
+
+This is generally of little interest to developers.
+
+_property: receipt.byzantium => boolean
+This is true if the block is in a [post-Byzantium Hard Fork](link-eip-609)
+block.
+
+_property: receipt.status => number
+The status of a transaction is 1 is successful or 0 if it was
+reverted. Only transactions included in blocks [post-Byzantium Hard Fork](link-eip-609)
+have this property.
+
+_subsection: Access Lists
+
+An Access List is optional an includes a list of addresses and storage
+slots for that address which should be //warmed// or pre-fetched for
+use within the execution of this transaction. A //warmed// value has an
+additional upfront cost to access, but is discounted throughout the code
+execution for reading and writing.
+
+_heading: AccessListish @<providers-AccessListish>
+
+A looser description of an [[providers-AccessList]], which will be
+converted internally using [accessListify](utils-accessListify).
+
+
+It may be any of:
+
+- any [[providers-AccessList]]
+- an Array of 2-element Arrays, where the first element is the address
+  and second array is an array of storage keys
+- an object, whose keys represent the addresses and each value is an
+  array of storage keys
+
+When using the object form (the last option), the addresses and storage
+slots will be sorted. If an explicit order for the access list is
+required, one of the other forms must be used. Most developers
+**do not** require explicit order.
+
+_code: equivalent to the AccessList example below @lang<javascript>
+
+// Option 1:
+// AccessList
+// see below
+
+// Option 2:
+// Array< [ Address, Array<Bytes32> ] >
+//_hide: ;
+accessList = [
+  [
+    "0x0x00000000000C2E074eC69A0dFb2997BA6C7d2e1e",
+    [
+      "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004",
+      "0x0bcad17ecf260d6506c6b97768bdc2acfb6694445d27ffd3f9c1cfbee4a9bd6d"
+    ]
+  ],
+  [
+    "0x5FfC014343cd971B7eb70732021E26C35B744cc4",
+    [
+        "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001"
+    ]
+  ]
+];
+
+// Option 3:
+// Record<Address, Array<Bytes32>>
+accessList = {
+  "0x00000000000C2E074eC69A0dFb2997BA6C7d2e1e": [
+    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004",
+    "0x0bcad17ecf260d6506c6b97768bdc2acfb6694445d27ffd3f9c1cfbee4a9bd6d"
+  ],
+  "0x5FfC014343cd971B7eb70732021E26C35B744cc4": [
+    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001"
+  ]
+};
+
+
+_heading: AccessList @<providers-AccessList>
+
+An [[link-eip-2930]] transaction allows an optional **AccessList**
+which causes a transaction to //warm// (i.e. pre-cache) another
+addresses state and the specified storage keys.
+
+This incurs an increased intrinsic cost for the transaction, but provides
+discounts for storage and state access throughout the execution of the
+transaction.
+
+_code: example access list
+
+// Array of objects with the form:
+// {
+//   address: Address,
+//   storageKey: Array< DataHexString< 32 > >
+// }
+
+accessList = [
+  {
+    address: "0x00000000000C2E074eC69A0dFb2997BA6C7d2e1e",
+    storageKeys: [
+        "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004",
+        "0x0bcad17ecf260d6506c6b97768bdc2acfb6694445d27ffd3f9c1cfbee4a9bd6d"
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    address: "0x5FfC014343cd971B7eb70732021E26C35B744cc4",
+    storageKeys: [
+        "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001"
+    ]
+  }
+];
--- a/docs.wrm/api/signer.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/api/signer.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,430 @@
+
+_section: Signers @<signers>
+
+A **Signer** in //ethers// is an abstraction of an Ethereum Account,
+which can be used to sign messages and transactions and send
+signed transactions to the Ethereum Network to execute state
+changing operations.
+
+The available operations depend largely on the sub-class used.
+
+For example, a Signer from MetaMask can send transactions and sign
+messages but cannot sign a transaction (without broadcasting it).
+
+The most common Signers you will encounter are:
+
+- [[Wallet]], which is a class which knows its private key and can
+  execute any operations with it
+- [[JsonRpcSigner]], which is connected to a [[JsonRpcProvider]] (or
+  sub-class) and is acquired using [getSigner](JsonRpcProvider-getSigner)
+
+_subsection: Signer @<Signer> @SRC<abstract-signer:class.Signer>
+
+The **Signer** class is abstract and cannot be directly instantiated.
+
+Instead use one of the concrete sub-classes, such as the [[Wallet]],
+[[VoidSigner]] or [[JsonRpcSigner]].
+
+_property: signer.connect(provider) => [[Signer]]  @<Signer-connect>
+
+Sub-classes **must** implement this, however they may simply throw an error
+if changing providers is not supported.
+
+_property: signer.getAddress() => Promise<string<[[address]]>>  @<Signer-getaddress> @SRC<abstract-signer:Signer.connect>
+Returns a Promise that resolves to the account address.
+
+This is a Promise so that a **Signer** can be designed around an
+asynchronous source, such as  hardware wallets.
+
+Sub-classes **must** implement this.
+
+_property: Signer.isSigner(object) => boolean  @<Signer-isSigner> @SRC<abstract-signer>
+Returns true if and only if //object// is a **Signer**.
+
+_heading: Blockchain Methods @<Signer--blockchain-methods>
+
+_property: signer.getBalance([ blockTag = "latest" ]) => Promise<[[BigNumber]]>  @<Signer-getBalance> @SRC<abstract-signer>
+Returns the balance of this wallet at //blockTag//.
+
+_property: signer.getChainId() => Promise<number>  @<Signer-getChainId> @SRC<abstract-signer>
+Returns the chain ID this wallet is connected to.
+
+_property: signer.getGasPrice() => Promise<[[BigNumber]]>  @<Signer-getGasPrice> @SRC<abstract-signer>
+Returns the current gas price.
+
+_property: signer.getTransactionCount([ blockTag = "latest" ]) => Promise<number>  @<Signer-getTransactionCount> @SRC<abstract-signer>
+Returns the number of transactions this account has ever sent. This
+is the value required to be included in transactions as the ``nonce``.
+
+_property: signer.call(transactionRequest) => Promise<string<[[DataHexString]]>>  @<Signer-call> @SRC<abstract-signer>
+Returns the result of calling using the //transactionRequest//, with this
+account address being used as the ``from`` field.
+
+_property: signer.estimateGas(transactionRequest) => Promise<[[BigNumber]]>  @<Signer-estimateGas> @SRC<abstract-signer>
+Returns the result of estimating the cost to send the //transactionRequest//,
+with this account address being used as the ``from`` field.
+
+_property: signer.resolveName(ensName) => Promise<string<[[address]]>> @<Signer-resolveName> @SRC<abstract-signer>
+Returns the address associated with the //ensName//.
+
+
+_heading: Signing @<Signer--signing-methods>
+
+_property: signer.signMessage(message) => Promise<string<[RawSignature](signature-raw)>> @<Signer-signMessage>
+This returns a Promise which resolves to the [[signature-raw]]
+of //message//.
+
+A signed message is prefixed with ``"\\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\\n"`` and
+the length of the message, using the [hashMessage](utils-hashMessage)
+method, so that it is [EIP-191](link-eip-191) compliant. If recovering
+the address in Solidity, this prefix will be required to create a matching
+hash.
+
+Sub-classes **must** implement this, however they may throw if signing a
+message is not supported, such as in a Contract-based Wallet or
+Meta-Transaction-based Wallet.
+
+_note: Note
+
+If //message// is a string, it is **treated as a string** and
+converted to its representation in UTF8 bytes.
+
+**If and only if** a message is a [[Bytes]] will it be treated as
+binary data.
+
+For example, the string ``"0x1234"`` is 6 characters long (and in
+this case 6 bytes long). This is **not** equivalent to the array
+``[ 0x12, 0x34 ]``, which is 2 bytes long.
+
+A common case is to sign a hash. In this case, if the hash is a
+string, it **must** be converted to an array first, using the
+[arrayify](utils-arrayify) utility function.
+
+_null:
+
+_property: signer.signTransaction(transactionRequest) => Promise<string<[[DataHexString]]>> @<Signer-signTransaction>
+Returns a Promise which resolves to the signed transaction of the
+//transactionRequest//. This method does not populate any missing fields.
+
+Sub-classes **must** implement this, however they may throw if signing a
+transaction is not supported, which is common for security reasons in many
+clients.
+
+_property: signer.sendTransaction(transactionRequest) => Promise<[[providers-TransactionResponse]]> @<Signer-sendTransaction>
+This method populates the transactionRequest with missing fields, using
+[populateTransaction](Signer-populateTransaction) and returns a Promise which resolves to the transaction.
+
+Sub-classes **must** implement this, however they may throw if sending a
+transaction is not supported, such as the [[VoidSigner]] or if the
+Wallet is offline and not connected to a [[Provider]].
+
+_property: signer._signTypedData(domain, types, value) => Promise<string<[RawSignature](signature-raw)>>  @<Signer-signTypedData>
+
+Signs the typed data //value// with //types// data structure for //domain// using
+the [[link-eip-712]] specification.
+
+_warning: Experimental feature (this method name will change)
+
+This is still an experimental feature. If using it, please specify the **exact**
+version of ethers you are using (e.g. spcify ``"5.0.18"``, **not** ``"^5.0.18"``) as
+the method name will be renamed from ``_signTypedData`` to ``signTypedData`` once
+it has been used in the field a bit.
+
+_code: Typed Data Example @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: signer = new Wallet("0x1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234");
+
+// All properties on a domain are optional
+const domain = {
+    name: 'Ether Mail',
+    version: '1',
+    chainId: 1,
+    verifyingContract: '0xCcCCccccCCCCcCCCCCCcCcCccCcCCCcCcccccccC'
+};
+
+// The named list of all type definitions
+const types = {
+    Person: [
+        { name: 'name', type: 'string' },
+        { name: 'wallet', type: 'address' }
+    ],
+    Mail: [
+        { name: 'from', type: 'Person' },
+        { name: 'to', type: 'Person' },
+        { name: 'contents', type: 'string' }
+    ]
+};
+
+// The data to sign
+const value = {
+    from: {
+        name: 'Cow',
+        wallet: '0xCD2a3d9F938E13CD947Ec05AbC7FE734Df8DD826'
+    },
+    to: {
+        name: 'Bob',
+        wallet: '0xbBbBBBBbbBBBbbbBbbBbbbbBBbBbbbbBbBbbBBbB'
+    },
+    contents: 'Hello, Bob!'
+};
+
+//_result:
+signature = await signer._signTypedData(domain, types, value);
+//_log:
+
+
+_heading: Sub-Classes @<Signer--subclassing>
+
+It is very important that all important properties of a **Signer** are
+**immutable**. Since Ethereum is very asynchronous and deals with critical
+data (such as ether and other potentially valuable crypto assets), keeping
+properties such as the //provider// and //address// static throughout the
+life-cycle of the Signer helps prevent serious issues and many other classes
+and libraries make this assumption.
+
+A sub-class **must** extend Signer and **must** call ``super()``.
+
+_property: signer.checkTransaction(transactionRequest) => [[providers-TransactionRequest]]  @<Signer-checkTransaction> @SRC<abstract-signer>
+This is generally not required to be overridden, but may be needed to provide
+custom behaviour in sub-classes.
+
+This should return a **copy** of the //transactionRequest//, with any properties
+needed by ``call``, ``estimateGas`` and ``populateTransaction`` (which is used
+by sendTransaction). It should also throw an error if any unknown key is specified.
+
+The default implementation checks only if valid [[providers-TransactionRequest]] properties
+exist and adds ``from`` to the transaction if it does not exist.
+
+If there is a ``from`` field it **must** be verified to be equal to the Signer's address.
+
+_property: signer.populateTransaction(transactionRequest) => Promise<[[providers-TransactionRequest]]> @<Signer-populateTransaction> @SRC<abstract-signer>
+This is generally not required to be overridden, but may be needed to provide
+custom behaviour in sub-classes.
+
+This should return a **copy** of //transactionRequest//, follow the same procedure
+as ``checkTransaction`` and fill in any properties required for sending a transaction.
+The result should have all promises resolved; if needed the [resolveProperties](utils-resolveproperties)
+utility function can be used for this.
+
+The default implementation calls ``checkTransaction`` and resolves to if it is an
+ENS name, adds ``gasPrice``, ``nonce``, ``gasLimit`` and ``chainId`` based on the
+related operations on Signer.
+
+
+_subsection: Wallet  @<Wallet> @INHERIT<[[ExternallyOwnedAccount]] and [[Signer]]> @SRC<wallet:class.Wallet>
+
+The Wallet class inherits [[Signer]] and can sign transactions and messages
+using a private key as a standard Externally Owned Account (EOA).
+
+_property: new ethers.Wallet(privateKey [ , provider ])  @<Wallet-constructor> @SRC<wallet:constructor.Wallet>
+Create a new Wallet instance for //privateKey// and optionally
+connected to the //provider//.
+
+_property: ethers.Wallet.createRandom( [ options = { } ]) => [[Wallet]]  @<Wallet-createRandom> @SRC<wallet>
+Returns a new Wallet with a random private key, generated from
+cryptographically secure entropy sources. If the current environment
+does not have a secure entropy source, an error is thrown.
+
+Wallets created using this method will have a mnemonic.
+
+_property: ethers.Wallet.fromEncryptedJson(json, password [ , progress ])  => Promise<[[Wallet]]> @<Wallet-fromEncryptedJson> @SRC<wallet>
+Create an instance by decrypting an encrypted JSON wallet.
+
+If //progress// is provided it will be called during decryption
+with a value between 0 and 1 indicating the progress towards
+completion.
+
+_property: ethers.Wallet.fromEncryptedJsonSync(json, password)  => [[Wallet]] @<Wallet-fromEncryptedJsonSync> @SRC<wallet>
+Create an instance from an encrypted JSON wallet.
+
+This operation will operate synchronously which will lock up the user
+interface, possibly for a non-trivial duration. Most applications should
+use the asynchronous ``fromEncryptedJson`` instead.
+
+_property: ethers.Wallet.fromMnemonic(mnemonic [ , path, [ wordlist ] ]) => [[Wallet]] @<Wallet.fromMnemonic>
+Create an instance from a mnemonic phrase.
+
+If path is not specified, the Ethereum default path is used (i.e. ``m/44'/60'/0'/0/0``).
+
+If wordlist is not specified, the English Wordlist is used.
+
+_heading: Properties @<Wallet--properties>
+
+_property: wallet.address => string<[[address]]>
+The address for the account this Wallet represents.
+
+_property: wallet.provider => [[Provider]]
+The provider this wallet is connected to, which will be used for any [[Signer--blockchain-methods]]
+methods. This can be null.
+
+_note: Note
+A **Wallet** instance is immutable, so if you wish to change the Provider, you
+may use the [connect](Signer-connect) method to create a new instance connected
+to the desired provider.
+
+_property: wallet.publicKey => string<[[DataHexString]]<65>>
+The uncompressed public key for this Wallet represents.
+
+_heading: Methods @<Wallet--methods>
+
+_property: wallet.encrypt(password, [ options = { }, [ progress ] ]) => Promise<string> @<Wallet-encrypt>
+
+Encrypt the wallet using //password// returning a Promise which resolves
+to a JSON wallet.
+
+If //progress// is provided it will be called during decryption
+with a value between 0 and 1 indicating the progress towards
+completion.
+
+_code: Wallet Examples @lang<javascript>
+
+// Create a wallet instance from a mnemonic...
+mnemonic = "announce room limb pattern dry unit scale effort smooth jazz weasel alcohol"
+walletMnemonic = Wallet.fromMnemonic(mnemonic)
+
+// ...or from a private key
+walletPrivateKey = new Wallet(walletMnemonic.privateKey)
+
+//_result:
+walletMnemonic.address === walletPrivateKey.address
+//_log:
+
+// The address as a Promise per the Signer API
+//_result:
+await walletMnemonic.getAddress()
+//_log:
+
+// A Wallet address is also available synchronously
+//_result:
+walletMnemonic.address
+//_log:
+
+// The internal cryptographic components
+//_result:
+walletMnemonic.privateKey
+//_log:
+//_result:
+walletMnemonic.publicKey
+//_log:
+
+// The wallet mnemonic
+//_result:
+walletMnemonic.mnemonic
+//_log:
+
+// Note: A wallet created with a private key does not
+//       have a mnemonic (the derivation prevents it)
+//_result:
+walletPrivateKey.mnemonic
+//_log:
+
+// Signing a message
+//_result:
+await walletMnemonic.signMessage("Hello World")
+//_log:
+
+tx = {
+  to: "0x8ba1f109551bD432803012645Ac136ddd64DBA72",
+  value: utils.parseEther("1.0")
+}
+
+// Signing a transaction
+//_result:
+await walletMnemonic.signTransaction(tx)
+//_log:
+
+// The connect method returns a new instance of the
+// Wallet connected to a provider
+//_result:
+wallet = walletMnemonic.connect(provider)
+//_null:
+
+// Querying the network
+//_result:
+await wallet.getBalance();
+//_log:
+//_result:
+await wallet.getTransactionCount();
+//_log:
+
+// Sending ether
+//_hide: wallet = localSigner; /* prevent insufficient funds error from blowing up the docs */
+//_result:
+await wallet.sendTransaction(tx)
+//_log:
+
+
+
+_subsection: VoidSigner  @<VoidSigner> @INHERIT<[[Signer]]> @SRC<abstract-signer:class.VoidSigner>
+
+A **VoidSigner** is a simple Signer which cannot sign.
+
+It is useful as a read-only signer, when an API requires a
+Signer as a parameter, but it is known only read-only operations
+will be carried.
+
+For example, the ``call`` operation will automatically have the
+provided address passed along during the execution.
+
+_property: new ethers.VoidSigner(address [ , provider ]) => [[VoidSigner]]
+Create a new instance of a **VoidSigner** for //address//.
+
+_property: voidSigner.address => string<[[address]]>
+The address of this **VoidSigner**.
+
+_code: VoidSigner Pre-flight Example @lang<javascript>
+
+address = "0x8ba1f109551bD432803012645Ac136ddd64DBA72"
+signer = new ethers.VoidSigner(address, provider)
+
+// The DAI token contract
+abi = [
+  "function balanceOf(address) view returns (uint)",
+  "function transfer(address, uint) returns (bool)"
+]
+contract = new ethers.Contract("dai.tokens.ethers.eth", abi, signer)
+
+// Get the number of tokens for this account
+//_result:
+tokens = await contract.balanceOf(signer.getAddress())
+//_log:
+
+//
+// Pre-flight (check for revert) on DAI from the signer
+//
+// Note: We do not have the private key at this point, this
+//       simply allows us to check what would happen if we
+//       did. This can be useful to check before prompting
+//       a request in the UI
+//
+
+// This will pass since the token balance is available
+//_result:
+await contract.callStatic.transfer("donations.ethers.eth", tokens)
+//_log:
+
+// This will fail since it is greater than the token balance
+//_throws:
+await contract.callStatic.transfer("donations.ethers.eth", tokens.add(1))
+//_log:
+
+
+_subsection: ExternallyOwnedAccount  @<ExternallyOwnedAccount>
+
+This is an interface which contains a minimal set of properties
+required for Externally Owned Accounts which can have certain
+operations performed, such as encoding as a JSON wallet.
+
+_property: eoa.address => string<[[address]]>
+
+The [[address]] of this EOA.
+
+_property: eoa.privateKey => string<[[DataHexString]]<32>>
+
+The privateKey of this EOA
+
+_property: eoa.mnemonic => [[Mnemonic]]
+
+//Optional//. The account HD mnemonic, if it has one and can be
+determined. Some sources do not encode the mnemonic, such as
+HD extended keys.
--- a/docs.wrm/api/utils/abi/coder.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/api/utils/abi/coder.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+_section: AbiCoder @<AbiCoder> @SRC<abi:class.AbiCoder>
+
+The **AbiCoder** is a collection of Coders which can be used to
+encode and decode the binary data formats used to interoperate
+between the EVM and higher level libraries.
+
+Most developers will never need to use this class directly, since
+the [[Interface]] class greatly simplifies these operations.
+
+
+_subsection: Creating Instance @<AbiCoder--creating>
+
+For the most part, there should never be a need to manually create
+an instance of an [[AbiCoder]], since one is created with the
+default coercion function when the library is loaded which can
+be used universally.
+
+This is likely only needed by those with specific needs to override
+how values are coerced after they are decoded from their binary format.
+
+_property: new ethers.utils.AbiCoder([coerceFunc]) @SRC<abi:constructor.AbiCoder>
+
+Create a new AbiCoder instance, which will call the //coerceFunc// on every
+decode, where the result of the call will be used in the Result.
+
+The function signature is `(type, value)`, where the //type// is the string
+describing the type and the //value// is the processed value from the underlying
+Coder.
+
+If the callback throws, the Result will contain a property that when accessed will
+throw, allowing for higher level libraries to recover from data errors.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.defaultAbiCoder => [[AbiCoder]]
+
+An [[AbiCoder]] created when the library is imported which is used by
+the [[Interface]].
+
+_subsection: Coding Methods @<AbiCoder--methods>
+
+_property: abiCoder.encode(types, values) => string<[[DataHexString]]> @<AbiCoder-encode> @SRC<abi/abi-coder>
+
+Encode the array //values// according to the array of //types//, each of which may be a
+string or a [[ParamType]].
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const abiCoder = utils.defaultAbiCoder;
+
+// Encoding simple types
+//_result:
+abiCoder.encode([ "uint", "string" ], [ 1234, "Hello World" ]);
+//_log:
+//_hide: _page.example1 = _;
+
+// Encoding with arrays types
+//_result:
+abiCoder.encode([ "uint[]", "string" ], [ [ 1234, 5678 ] , "Hello World" ]);
+//_log:
+//_hide: _page.example2 = _;
+
+// Encoding complex structs (using positional properties)
+//_result:
+abiCoder.encode(
+  [ "uint", "tuple(uint256, string)" ],
+  [
+    1234,
+    [ 5678, "Hello World" ]
+  ]
+);
+//_log:
+//_hide: _page.example3 = _;
+
+// Encoding complex structs (using keyword properties)
+//_result:
+abiCoder.encode(
+  [ "uint a", "tuple(uint256 b, string c) d" ],
+  [
+    1234,
+    { b: 5678, c: "Hello World" }
+  ]
+);
+//_log:
+
+_property: abiCoder.decode(types, data) => [[Result]] @<AbiCoder-decode> @SRC<abi/abi-coder>
+
+Decode the //data// according to the array of //types//, each of which may be a
+string or [[ParamType]].
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const abiCoder = utils.defaultAbiCoder;
+
+// Decoding simple types
+//_hide: data = _page.example1;
+//_verbatim: `data = ${ JSON.stringify(data) };`
+//_result:
+abiCoder.decode([ "uint", "string" ], data);
+//_log:
+
+// Decoding with arrays types
+//_hide: data = _page.example2;
+//_verbatim: `data = ${ JSON.stringify(data) };`
+//_result:
+abiCoder.decode([ "uint[]", "string" ], data);
+//_log:
+
+// Decoding complex structs; unnamed parameters allows ONLY
+// positional access to values
+//_hide: data = _page.example3;
+//_verbatim: `data = ${ JSON.stringify(data) };`
+//_result:
+abiCoder.decode([ "uint", "tuple(uint256, string)" ], data);
+//_log:
+
+// Decoding complex structs; named parameters allows positional
+// or keyword access to values
+//_result:
+abiCoder.decode([ "uint a", "tuple(uint256 b, string c) d" ], data);
+//_log:
--- a/docs.wrm/api/utils/abi/formats.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/api/utils/abi/formats.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
+_section: ABI Formats @<abi-formats>
+
+There are several formats available to specify an ABI for
+a Smart Contract, which specifies to the under-lying library
+what methods, events and errors exist so that encoding and
+decoding the data from and to the network can be handled by
+the library.
+
+The supports ABI types are:
+
+- [Human-Readable ABI](abi-formats--human-readable-abi)
+- [Solidity JSON ABI](abi-formats--solidity)
+- [Solidity Object ABI](abi-formats--object)
+
+_subsection: Human-Readable ABI @<abi-formats--human-readable-abi>
+
+The **Human-Readable ABI** was [introduced early by ethers](link-ricmoo-humanreadableabi),
+which allows for a Solidity signatures to be used to describe each
+method, event and error.
+
+It is important to note that a Solidity signature **fully describes**
+all the properties the ABI requires:
+
+- name
+- type (constructor, event, function)
+- inputs (types, nested structures and optionally names)
+- outputs (types nested structures and optionally names)
+- state mutability (for constructors and methods)
+- payability (for constructors and methods)
+- whether inputs are indexed (for events)
+
+This allows for a simple format which is both machine-readable (since
+the parser is a machine) and human-readable (at least **developer-readable**),
+as well as simple for humans to type and inline into code, which improves
+code readability. The Human-Readable ABI is also considerably smaller, which
+helps reduce code size.
+
+A Human-Readable ABI is simple an array of strings, where each string is
+the Solidity signature.
+
+Signatures may be minimally specified (i.e. names of inputs and outputs
+may be omitted) or fully specified (i.e. with all property names) and
+whitespace is ignored.
+
+Several modifiers available in Solidity are dropped internally, as they
+are not required for the ABI and used old by Solidity's semantic checking
+system, such as input parameter data location like ``"calldata"``
+and ``"memory"``. As such, they can be safely dropped in the ABI as well.
+
+_code: Human-Readable ABI Example @lang<javascript>
+
+const humanReadableAbi = [
+
+  // Simple types
+  "constructor(string symbol, string name)",
+  "function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint value)",
+  "function balanceOf(address owner) view returns (uint balance)",
+  "event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, address value)",
+  "error InsufficientBalance(account owner, uint balance)",
+
+  // Some examples with the struct type, we use the tuple keyword:
+  // (note: the tuple keyword is optional, simply using additional
+  //        parentheses accomplishes the same thing)
+  // struct Person {
+  //   string name;
+  //   uint16 age;
+  // }
+  "function addPerson(tuple(string name, uint16 age) person)",
+  "function addPeople(tuple(string name, uint16 age)[] person)",
+  "function getPerson(uint id) view returns (tuple(string name, uint16 age))",
+
+  "event PersonAdded(uint indexed id, tuple(string name, uint16 age) person)"
+];
+
+//_hide: _page.humanReadableAbi = humanReadableAbi;
+
+
+_subsection: Solidity JSON ABI @<abi-formats--solidity>
+
+The **Solidity JSON ABI** is a standard format that many tools export,
+including the Solidity compiler. For the full specification, see
+the [Solidity compiler documentation](link-solc-output).
+
+Various versions include slightly different keys and values. For example,
+early compilers included only a boolean ``"constant"`` to indicate mutability,
+while newer versions include a string ``"mutabilityState"``, which encompasses
+several older properties.
+
+When creating an instance of a [Fragment](Fragment) using a JSON ABI, it will
+automatically infer all legacy properties for new-age ABIs and for legacy
+ABIs will infer the new-age properties. All properties will be populated, so
+it will match the equivalent created using a Human-Readable ABI fragment.
+
+_code: The same ABI as JSON ABI @lang<javascript>
+
+const jsonAbi = `[
+  {
+    "type": "constructor",
+    "payable": false,
+    "inputs": [
+      { "type": "string", "name": "symbol" },
+      { "type": "string", "name": "name" }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "type": "function",
+    "name": "transferFrom",
+    "constant": false,
+    "payable": false,
+    "inputs": [
+      { "type": "address", "name": "from" },
+      { "type": "address", "name": "to" },
+      { "type": "uint256", "name": "value" }
+    ],
+    "outputs": [ ]
+  },
+  {
+    "type": "function",
+    "name": "balanceOf",
+    "constant":true,
+    "stateMutability": "view",
+    "payable":false, "inputs": [
+      { "type": "address", "name": "owner"}
+    ],
+    "outputs": [
+      { "type": "uint256"}
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "type": "event",
+    "anonymous": false,
+    "name": "Transfer",
+    "inputs": [
+      { "type": "address", "name": "from", "indexed":true},
+      { "type": "address", "name": "to", "indexed":true},
+      { "type": "address", "name": "value"}
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "type": "error",
+    "name": "InsufficientBalance",
+    "inputs": [
+      { "type": "account", "name": "owner"},
+      { "type": "uint256", "name": "balance"}
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "type": "function",
+    "name": "addPerson",
+    "constant": false,
+    "payable": false,
+    "inputs": [
+      {
+        "type": "tuple",
+        "name": "person",
+        "components": [
+          { "type": "string", "name": "name" },
+          { "type": "uint16", "name": "age" }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "outputs": []
+  },
+  {
+    "type": "function",
+    "name": "addPeople",
+    "constant": false,
+    "payable": false,
+    "inputs": [
+      {
+        "type": "tuple[]",
+        "name": "person",
+        "components": [
+          { "type": "string", "name": "name" },
+          { "type": "uint16", "name": "age" }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "outputs": []
+  },
+  {
+    "type": "function",
+    "name": "getPerson",
+    "constant": true,
+    "stateMutability": "view",
+    "payable": false,
+    "inputs": [
+      { "type": "uint256", "name": "id" }
+    ],
+    "outputs": [
+      {
+        "type": "tuple",
+        "components": [
+          { "type": "string", "name": "name" },
+          { "type": "uint16", "name": "age" }
+        ]
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "type": "event",
+    "anonymous": false,
+    "name": "PersonAdded",
+    "inputs": [
+      { "type": "uint256", "name": "id", "indexed": true },
+      {
+        "type": "tuple",
+        "name": "person",
+        "components": [
+          { "type": "string", "name": "name", "indexed": false },
+          { "type": "uint16", "name": "age", "indexed": false }
+        ]
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+]`;
+
+//_hide: _page.jsonAbi = jsonAbi;
+
+_subsection: Solidity Object ABI @<abi-formats--object>
+
+The output from parsing (using JSON.parse) a Solidity JSON ABI
+is also fully compatible with the [[Interface]] class and each
+method, event and error from that object are compatible with
+the [[Fragment]] class.
+
+Some developers may prefer this as it allows access to the ABI
+properties as normal JavaScript objects, and closely matches the
+JSON ABI that those familiar with the Solidity ABI will recognize.
+
+_subsection: Converting Between Formats
+
+The [[Fragment]] object makes it simple to reformat a single
+method, event or error, however most developers will be interested
+in converting an entire ABI.
+
+For production code it is recommended to inline the Human-Readable
+ABI as it makes it easy to see at a glance which methods, events
+and errors are available. It is also highly recommend to strip out
+unused parts of the ABI (such as admin methods) to further reduce
+code size.
+
+_code: Converting to Full Human-Readable ABI @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const Interface = ethers.utils.Interface;
+//_hide: const FormatTypes = ethers.utils.FormatTypes;
+//_hide: jsonAbi = _page.jsonAbi;
+
+// Using the "full" format will ensure the Result objects
+// have named properties, which improves code readability
+const iface = new Interface(jsonAbi);
+//_result:
+iface.format(FormatTypes.full);
+//_log:
+
+_code: Converting to Minimal Human-Readable ABI @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const Interface = ethers.utils.Interface;
+//_hide: const FormatTypes = ethers.utils.FormatTypes;
+//_hide: jsonAbi = _page.jsonAbi;
+
+// Using the "minimal" format will save a small amount of
+// space, but is generally not worth it as named properties
+// on Results will not be available
+const iface = new Interface(jsonAbi);
+//_result:
+iface.format(FormatTypes.minimal);
+//_log:
+
+_code: Converting to JSON ABI @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const Interface = ethers.utils.Interface;
+//_hide: const FormatTypes = ethers.utils.FormatTypes;
+//_hide: humanReadableAbi = _page.humanReadableAbi;
+
+// Sometimes you may need to export a Human-Readable ABI to
+// JSON for tools that do not have Human-Readable support
+
+// For compactness, the JSON is kept with minimal white-space
+const iface = new Interface(humanReadableAbi);
+//_result:
+jsonAbi = iface.format(FormatTypes.json);
+//_log:
+
+// However it is easy to use JSON.parse and JSON.stringify
+// with formatting parameters to assist with readability
+//_result:
+JSON.stringify(JSON.parse(jsonAbi), null, 2);
+//_log:
--- a/docs.wrm/api/utils/abi/fragments.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/api/utils/abi/fragments.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+_section: Fragments  @<fragments>
+
+Explain an ABI.
+
+_subsection: Formats
+
+_heading: JSON String ABI (Solidity Output JSON)
+The **JSON ABI Format** is the format that is
+[output from the Solidity compiler](link-solc-output).
+
+A JSON serialized object is always a string, which represents an Array
+of Objects, where each Object has various properties describing the [[Fragment]] of the ABI.
+
+The deserialized JSON string (which is a normal JavaScript Object) may
+also be passed into any function which accepts a JSON String ABI.
+
+_heading: Human-Readable ABI @<human-readable-abi>
+The Human-Readable ABI was introduced by ethers in [this article](link-ricmoo-humanreadableabi)
+and has since gained wider adoption.
+
+The ABI is described by using an array of strings, where each string is the
+Solidity signature of the **constructor**, **function**, **event** or **error**.
+
+When parsing a fragment, all inferred properties will be injected (e.g. a //payable//
+method will have its ``constant`` proeprty set to false).
+
+Tuples can be specified by using the ``tuple(...)`` syntax or with bare (additional)
+parenthesis, ``(...)``.
+
+_code: Example Human-Readable ABI
+
+const ABI = [
+  // Constructor
+  "constructor(address ens)",
+
+  // Constant functions (pure or view)
+  "function balanceOf(address owner) view returns (uint)",
+
+  // State-mutating functions (payable or non-payable)
+  "function mint(uint amount) payable",
+  "function transfer(address to, uint amount) returns (bool)",
+
+  // Events
+  "event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint amount)",
+
+  // Errors
+  "error InsufficientFunds(address from, uint balance)",
+]
+
+
+_heading: Output Formats @<fragments--output-formats> @SRC<abi/fragments:FormatTypes>
+Each [[Fragment]] and [[ParamType]] may be output using its ``format``
+method.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.FormatTypes.full => string
+This is a full human-readable string, including all parameter names, any
+optional modifiers (e.g. ``indexed``, ``public``, etc) and white-space
+to aid in human readability.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.FormatTypes.minimal => string
+This is similar to ``full``, except with no unnecessary whitespace or parameter
+names. This is useful for storing a minimal string which can still fully
+reconstruct the original Fragment using [Fragment&thinsp;.&thinsp;from](Fragment-from).
+
+_property: ethers.utils.FormatTypes.json => string
+This returns a JavaScript Object which is safe to call ``JSON.stringify``
+on to create a JSON string.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.FormatTypes.sighash => string
+This is a minimal output format, which is used by Solidity when computing a
+signature hash or an event topic hash.
+
+_warning: Note
+The ``sighash`` format is **insufficient** to re-create the original [[Fragment]],
+since it discards modifiers such as indexed, anonymous, stateMutability, etc.
+
+It is only useful for computing the selector for a Fragment, and cannot
+be used to format an Interface.
+
+
+_subsection: Fragment @<Fragment> @SRC<abi/fragments:class.Fragment>
+An ABI is a collection of **Fragments**, where each fragment specifies:
+
+- An [Error](ErrorFragment)
+- An [Event](EventFragment)
+- A [Function](FunctionFragment)
+- A [Constructor](ConstructorFragment)
+
+_heading: Properties
+
+_property: fragment.name => string
+This is the name of the Event or Function. This will be null for
+a [[ConstructorFragment]].
+
+_property: fragment.type => string
+This is a string which indicates the type of the [[Fragment]]. This
+will be one of:
+
+- ``constructor``
+- ``event``
+- ``function``
+
+_property: fragment.inputs => Array<[[ParamType]]>
+This is an array of each [[ParamType]] for the input parameters to
+the Constructor, Event of Function.
+
+_heading: Methods
+
+_property: fragment.format([ format = sighash]) => string @<Fragment-format> @SRC<abi/fragments:Fragment.format>
+Creates a string representation of the Fragment using the available
+[output formats](fragments--output-formats).
+
+_property: ethers.utils.Fragment.from(objectOrString) => [[Fragment]] @<Fragment-from> @SRC<abi/fragments:Fragment.from>
+Creates a new **Fragment** sub-class from any compatible //objectOrString//.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.Fragment.isFragment(object) => boolean @<Fragment-isFragment> @SRC<abi/fragments:Fragment.isFragment>
+Returns true if //object// is a **Fragment**.
+
+
+_subsection: ConstructorFragment @<ConstructorFragment> @INHERIT<[[Fragment]]> @SRC<abi/fragments:class.ConstructorFragment>
+
+_heading: Properties
+
+_property: fragment.gas => [[BigNumber]]
+This is the gas limit that should be used during deployment. It may be
+null.
+
+_property: fragment.payable => boolean
+This is whether the constructor may receive ether during deployment as
+an endowment (i.e. msg.value != 0).
+
+_property: fragment.stateMutability => string
+This is the state mutability of the constructor. It can be any of:
+
+- ``nonpayable``
+- ``payable``
+
+_heading: Methods
+
+_property: ethers.utils.ConstructorFragment.from(objectOrString) => [[ConstructorFragment]] @<ConstructorFragment-from> @SRC<abi/fragments:ConstructorFragment.from>
+Creates a new **ConstructorFragment** from any compatible //objectOrString//.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.ConstructorFragment.isConstructorFragment(object) => boolean @<ConstructorFragment-isConstructorFragment> @SRC<abi/fragments:ConstructorFragment.isConstructorFragment>
+Returns true if //object// is a **ConstructorFragment**.
+
+
+_subsection: ErrorFragment @<ErrorFragment> @INHERIT<[[Fragment]]> @SRC<abi/fragments:class.ErrorFragment>
+
+_heading: Methods
+
+_property: ethers.utils.ErrorFragment.from(objectOrString) => [[ErrorFragment]] @<ErrorFragment-from> @SRC<abi/fragments:ErrorFragment.from>
+Creates a new **ErrorFragment** from any compatible //objectOrString//.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.ErrorFragment.isErrorFragment(object) => boolean @<ErrorFragment-isErrorFragment> @SRC<abi/fragments:ErrorFragment.isErrorFragment>
+Returns true if //object// is an **ErrorFragment**.
+
+
+_subsection: EventFragment @<EventFragment> @INHERIT<[[Fragment]]> @SRC<abi/fragments:class.EventFragment>
+
+_heading: Properties
+
+_property: fragment.anonymous => boolean
+This is whether the event is anonymous. An anonymous Event does not inject its
+topic hash as topic0 when creating a log.
+
+_heading: Methods
+
+_property: ethers.utils.EventFragment.from(objectOrString) => [[EventFragment]] @<EventFragment-from> @SRC<abi/fragments:EventFragment.from>
+Creates a new **EventFragment** from any compatible //objectOrString//.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.EventFragment.isEventFragment(object) => boolean @<EventFragment-isEventFragment> @SRC<abi/fragments:EventFragment.isEventFragment>
+Returns true if //object// is an **EventFragment**.
+
+
+_subsection: FunctionFragment @<FunctionFragment> @INHERIT<[[ConstructorFragment]]> @SRC<abi/fragments:class.FunctionFragment>
+
+_heading: Properties
+
+_property: fragment.constant => boolean
+This is whether the function is constant (i.e. does not change state). This
+is true if the state mutability is ``pure`` or ``view``.
+
+_property: fragment.stateMutability => string
+This is the state mutability of the constructor. It can be any of:
+
+- ``nonpayable``
+- ``payable``
+- ``pure``
+- ``view``
+
+_property: fragment.outputs => Array<[[ParamType]]>
+A list of the Function output parameters.
+
+_heading: Methods
+
+_property: ethers.utils.FunctionFragment.from(objectOrString) => [[FunctionFragment]] @<FunctionFragment-from> @SRC<abi/fragments:ConstructorFragment.from>
+Creates a new **FunctionFragment** from any compatible //objectOrString//.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.FunctionFragment.isFunctionFragment(object) => boolean @<FunctionFragment-isFunctionFragment> @SRC<abi/fragments:FunctionFragment.isFunctionFragment>
+Returns true if //object// is a **FunctionFragment**.
+
+
+_subsection: ParamType @<ParamType> @SRC<abi/fragments:class.ParamType>
+The following examples will represent the Solidity parameter:
+
+``string foobar``
+
+_heading: Properties
+
+_property: paramType.name => string @<ParamType-name>
+The local parameter name. This may be null for unnamed parameters. For example,
+the parameter definition ``string foobar`` would be ``foobar``.
+
+_property: paramType.type => string @<ParamType-type>
+The full type of the parameter, including tuple and array symbols. For the
+above example, this would be ``string``. For an array of strings, this would
+be ``string[]``.
+
+_property: paramType.baseType => string @<ParamType-baseType>
+The base type of the parameter. For primitive types (e.g. ``address``, ``uint256``, etc)
+this is equal to [type](ParamType-type). For arrays, it will be the string ``array`` and for
+a tuple, it will be the string ``tuple``.
+
+_property: paramType.indexed => boolean @<ParamType-indexed>
+Whether the parameter has been marked as indexed. This **only** applies
+to parameters which are part of an [[EventFragment]].
+
+_property: paramType.arrayChildren => [[ParamType]] @<ParamType-arrayChildren>
+The type of children of the array. This is null for any parameter
+which is not an array.
+
+_property: paramType.arrayLength => number @<ParamType-arrayLength>
+The length of the array, or ``-1`` for dynamic-length arrays. This is
+null for parameters which are not arrays.
+
+_property: paramType.components => Array<[[ParamType]]> @<ParamType-components>
+The components of a tuple. This is null for non-tuple parameters.
+
+
+_heading: Methods
+
+_property: paramType.format([ outputType = sighash ])
+Creates a string representation of the Fragment using the available
+[output formats](fragments--output-formats).
+
+_property: ethers.utils.ParamType.from(objectOrString) => [[ParamType]] @<ParamType-from> @SRC<abi/fragments:ParamType.from>
+Creates a new **ParamType** from any compatible //objectOrString//.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.ParamType.isParamType(object) => boolean @<ParamType-isParamType> @SRC<abi/fragments:ParamType.isParamType>
+Returns true if //object// is a **ParamType**.
--- a/docs.wrm/api/utils/abi/index.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/api/utils/abi/index.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+_section: Application Binary Interface @NAV<ABI>
+
+An **Application Binary Interface** (ABI) is a collection of
+[Fragments](Fragment) which specify how to interact with
+various components of a Contract.
+
+An [[Interface]] helps organize Fragments by type as well
+as provides the functionality required to encode, decode and
+work with each component.
+
+Most developers will not require this low-level access to encoding
+and decoding the binary data on the network and will most likely
+use a [[Contract]] which provides a more convenient interface. Some
+framework, tool developers or developers using advanced techniques
+may find these classes and utilities useful.
+
+_toc:
+  coder
+  formats
+  fragments
+  interface
--- a/docs.wrm/api/utils/abi/interface.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/api/utils/abi/interface.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,593 @@
+_section: Interface @<Interface> @SRC<abi/interface:class.Interface>
+
+The **Interface** Class abstracts the encoding and decoding required
+to interact with contracts on the Ethereum network.
+
+Many of the standards organically evolved along side the [[link-solidity]]
+language, which other languages have adopted to remain compatible with
+existing deployed contracts.
+
+The EVM itself does not understand what the ABI is. It is simply an agreed
+upon set of formats to encode various types of data which each contract can
+expect so they can interoperate with each other.
+
+
+_subsection: Creating Instances @<Interface--creating>
+
+_property: new ethers.utils.Interface(abi) @SRC<abi/interface:constructor.Interface>
+Create a new **Interface** from a JSON string or object representing
+//abi//.
+
+The //abi// may be a JSON string or the parsed Object (using JSON.parse)
+which is emitted by the [Solidity compiler](link-solc-output) (or compatible languages).
+
+The //abi// may also be a [Human-Readable Abi](link-ricmoo-humanreadableabi),
+which is a format the Ethers created to simplify manually typing the ABI
+into the source and so that a Contract ABI can also be referenced easily
+within the same source file.
+
+_code: Creating an Interface instance @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const Interface = ethers.utils.Interface;
+
+// This interface is used for the below examples
+
+const iface = new Interface([
+  // Constructor
+  "constructor(string symbol, string name)",
+
+  // State mutating method
+  "function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint amount)",
+
+  // State mutating method, which is payable
+  "function mint(uint amount) payable",
+
+  // Constant method (i.e. "view" or "pure")
+  "function balanceOf(address owner) view returns (uint)",
+
+  // An Event
+  "event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 amount)",
+
+  // A Custom Solidity Error
+  "error AccountLocked(address owner, uint256 balance)",
+
+  // Examples with structured types
+  "function addUser(tuple(string name, address addr) user) returns (uint id)",
+  "function addUsers(tuple(string name, address addr)[] user) returns (uint[] id)",
+  "function getUser(uint id) view returns (tuple(string name, address addr) user)"
+]);
+
+//_hide: _page.iface = iface;
+
+_subsection: Properties @<Interface--properties>
+
+_property: interface.fragments => Array<[[Fragment]]>
+All the [Fragments](Fragment) in the interface.
+
+_property: interface.errors => Array<[[ErrorFragment]]>
+All the [Error Fragments](ErrorFragment) in the interface.
+
+_property: interface.events => Array<[[EventFragment]]>
+All the [Event Fragments](EventFragment) in the interface.
+
+_property: interface.functions => Array<[[FunctionFragment]]>
+All the [Function Fragments](FunctionFragment) in the interface.
+
+_property: interface.deploy => [[ConstructorFragment]]
+The [Constructor Fragments](ConstructorFragment) for the interface.
+
+
+_subsection: Formatting @<Interface--formatting>
+
+_property: interface.format( [ format ]) => string | Array<string> @SRC<abi/interface>
+Return the formatted **Interface**. If the format type is ``json`` a
+single string is returned, otherwise an Array of the human-readable
+strings is returned.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const iface = _page.iface;
+
+const FormatTypes = ethers.utils.FormatTypes;
+
+//_result:
+iface.format(FormatTypes.json)
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+iface.format(FormatTypes.full)
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+iface.format(FormatTypes.minimal)
+//_log:
+
+_subsection: Fragment Access @<Interface--fragments>
+
+_property: interface.getFunction(fragment) => [[FunctionFragment]]  @SRC<abi/interface>
+Returns the [[FunctionFragment]] for //fragment// (see [[Interface--specifying-fragments]]).
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const iface = _page.iface;
+
+// By method signature, which is normalized so whitespace
+// and superfluous attributes are ignored
+iface.getFunction("transferFrom(address, address, uint256)");
+
+// By name; this ONLY works if the method is non-ambiguous
+iface.getFunction("transferFrom");
+
+// By method selector
+iface.getFunction("0x23b872dd");
+
+// Throws if the method does not exist
+//_throws:
+iface.getFunction("doesNotExist()");
+//_log:
+
+_property: interface.getError(fragment) => [[ErrorFragment]] @SRC<abi/interface>
+Returns the [[ErrorFragment]] for //fragment// (see [[Interface--specifying-fragments]]).
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const iface = _page.iface;
+
+// By error signature, which is normalized so whitespace
+// and superfluous attributes are ignored
+iface.getError("AccountLocked(address, uint256)");
+
+// By name; this ONLY works if the error is non-ambiguous
+iface.getError("AccountLocked");
+
+// By error selector
+iface.getError("0xf7c3865a");
+
+// Throws if the error does not exist
+//_throws:
+iface.getError("DoesNotExist()");
+//_log:
+
+_property: interface.getEvent(fragment) => [[EventFragment]] @SRC<abi/interface>
+Returns the [[EventFragment]] for //fragment// (see [[Interface--specifying-fragments]]).
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const iface = _page.iface;
+
+// By event signature, which is normalized so whitespace
+// and superfluous attributes are ignored
+iface.getEvent("Transfer(address, address, uint256)");
+
+// By name; this ONLY works if the event is non-ambiguous
+iface.getEvent("Transfer");
+
+// By event topic hash
+iface.getEvent("0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef");
+
+// Throws if the event does not exist
+//_throws:
+iface.getEvent("DoesNotExist()");
+//_log:
+
+_subsection: Signature and Topic Hashes @<Interface--selectors>
+
+_property: interface.getSighash(fragment) => string<[[DataHexString]]<4>> @SRC<abi/interface:method.Interface.getSighash>
+Return the sighash (or Function Selector) for //fragment// (see [[Interface--specifying-fragments]]).
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const iface = _page.iface;
+
+//_result:
+iface.getSighash("balanceOf");
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+iface.getSighash("balanceOf(address)");
+//_log:
+
+const fragment = iface.getFunction("balanceOf")
+//_result:
+iface.getSighash(fragment);
+//_log:
+
+_property: interface.getEventTopic(fragment) => string<[[DataHexString]]<32>> @SRC<abi/interface:method.Interface.getEventTopic>
+Return the topic hash for //fragment// (see [[Interface--specifying-fragments]]).
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const iface = _page.iface;
+
+//_result:
+iface.getEventTopic("Transfer");
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+iface.getEventTopic("Transfer(address, address, uint)");
+//_log:
+
+const fragment = iface.getEvent("Transfer")
+//_result:
+iface.getEventTopic(fragment);
+//_log:
+
+_subsection: Encoding Data @<Interface--encoding>
+
+_property: interface.encodeDeploy([ values ]) => string<[[DataHexString]]> @SRC<abi/interface>
+Return the encoded deployment data, which can be concatenated to the
+deployment bytecode of a contract to pass //values// into the contract
+constructor.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const iface = _page.iface;
+//_hide: const parseEther = ethers.utils.parseEther;
+
+// The data that should be appended to the bytecode to pass
+// parameters to the constructor during deployment
+//_result:
+iface.encodeDeploy([ "SYM", "Some Name" ])
+//_log:
+
+_property: interface.encodeErrorResult(fragment [ , values ]) => string<[[DataHexString]]> @SRC<abi/interface>
+Returns the encoded error result, which would normally be the response from
+a reverted call for //fragment// (see [[Interface--specifying-fragments]]) for
+the given //values//.
+
+Most developers will not need this method, but may be useful for authors of
+a mock blockchain.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const iface = _page.iface;
+//_hide: const parseEther = ethers.utils.parseEther;
+
+// Encoding result data (like is returned by eth_call during a revert)
+//_result:
+iface.encodeErrorResult("AccountLocked", [
+  "0x8ba1f109551bD432803012645Ac136ddd64DBA72",
+  parseEther("1.0")
+]);
+//_log:
+
+_property: interface.encodeFilterTopics(fragment, values) => Array<topic | Array<topic>> @SRC<abi/interface>
+Returns the encoded topic filter, which can be passed to getLogs for //fragment//
+(see [[Interface--specifying-fragments]]) for the given //values//.
+
+Each //topic// is a 32 byte (64 nibble) [[DataHexString]].
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const iface = _page.iface;
+//_hide: const parseEther = ethers.utils.parseEther;
+
+// Filter that matches all Transfer events
+//_result:
+iface.encodeFilterTopics("Transfer", [])
+//_log:
+
+// Filter that matches the sender
+//_result:
+iface.encodeFilterTopics("Transfer", [
+  "0x8ba1f109551bD432803012645Ac136ddd64DBA72"
+])
+//_log:
+
+// Filter that matches the receiver
+//_result:
+iface.encodeFilterTopics("Transfer", [
+  null,
+  "0x8ba1f109551bD432803012645Ac136ddd64DBA72"
+])
+//_log:
+
+_property: interface.encodeFunctionData(fragment [ , values ]) => string<[[DataHexString]]> @SRC<abi/interface>
+Returns the encoded data, which can be used as the data for a transaction for
+//fragment// (see [[Interface--specifying-fragments]]) for the given //values//.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const iface = _page.iface;
+//_hide: const parseEther = ethers.utils.parseEther;
+
+// Encoding data for the tx.data of a call or transaction
+//_result:
+iface.encodeFunctionData("transferFrom", [
+  "0x8ba1f109551bD432803012645Ac136ddd64DBA72",
+  "0xaB7C8803962c0f2F5BBBe3FA8bf41cd82AA1923C",
+  parseEther("1.0")
+])
+//_log:
+
+// Encoding structured data (using positional Array)
+user = [
+   "Richard Moore",
+   "0x8ba1f109551bD432803012645Ac136ddd64DBA72"
+];
+//_result:
+iface.encodeFunctionData("addUser", [ user ]);
+//_log:
+
+// Encoding structured data, using objects. Only available
+// if parameters are named.
+user = {
+   name: "Richard Moore",
+   addr: "0x8ba1f109551bD432803012645Ac136ddd64DBA72"
+};
+//_result:
+iface.encodeFunctionData("addUser", [ user ]);
+//_log:
+
+_property: interface.encodeFunctionResult(fragment [ , values ]) => string<[[DataHexString]]> @SRC<abi/interface>
+Returns the encoded result, which would normally be the response from a call for
+//fragment// (see [[Interface--specifying-fragments]]) for the given //values//.
+
+Most developers will not need this method, but may be useful for authors of a mock blockchain.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const iface = _page.iface;
+//_hide: const parseEther = ethers.utils.parseEther;
+
+// Encoding result data (like is returned by eth_call)
+//_result:
+iface.encodeFunctionResult("balanceOf", [
+  "0x8ba1f109551bD432803012645Ac136ddd64DBA72"
+])
+//_log:
+
+
+_subsection: Decoding Data @<Interface--decoding>
+
+_property: interface.decodeErrorResult(fragment, data) => [[Result]] @SRC<abi/interface>
+Returns the decoded values from the result of a call during a revert for
+//fragment// (see [[Interface--specifying-fragments]]) for the given //data//.
+
+Most developers won't need this, as the ``decodeFunctionResult`` will automatically
+decode errors if the //data// represents a revert.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const iface = _page.iface;
+
+// Decoding result data (e.g. from an eth_call)
+errorData = "0xf7c3865a0000000000000000000000008ba1f109551bd432803012645ac136ddd64dba720000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000de0b6b3a7640000";
+
+//_result:
+iface.decodeErrorResult("AccountLocked", errorData)
+//_log:
+
+_property: interface.decodeEventLog(fragment, data [ , topics ]) => [[Result]] @SRC<abi/interface>
+Returns the decoded event values from an event log for
+//fragment// (see [[Interface--specifying-fragments]]) for the given //data//
+with the optional //topics//.
+
+If //topics// is not specified, placeholders will be inserted into the result.
+
+Most developers will find the [parsing methods](Interface--parsing) more
+convenient for decoding event data, as they will automatically detect the
+matching event.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const iface = _page.iface;
+
+// Decoding log data and topics (the entries in a receipt)
+const data = "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000de0b6b3a7640000";
+const topics = [
+  "0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef",
+  "0x0000000000000000000000008ba1f109551bd432803012645ac136ddd64dba72",
+  "0x000000000000000000000000ab7c8803962c0f2f5bbbe3fa8bf41cd82aa1923c"
+];
+
+//_result:
+iface.decodeEventLog("Transfer", data, topics);
+//_log:
+
+_property: interface.decodeFunctionData(fragment, data) => [[Result]] @SRC<abi/interface>
+Returns the decoded values from transaction data for
+//fragment// (see [[Interface--specifying-fragments]]) for the given //data//.
+
+Most developers will not need this method, but may be useful for debugging
+or inspecting transactions.
+
+Most developers will also find the [parsing methods](Interface--parsing) more
+convenient for decoding transation data, as they will automatically detect the
+matching function.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const iface = _page.iface;
+
+// Decoding function data (the value of tx.data)
+const txData = "0x23b872dd0000000000000000000000008ba1f109551bd432803012645ac136ddd64dba72000000000000000000000000ab7c8803962c0f2f5bbbe3fa8bf41cd82aa1923c0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000de0b6b3a7640000";
+//_result:
+iface.decodeFunctionData("transferFrom", txData);
+//_log:
+
+_property: interface.decodeFunctionResult(fragment, data) => [[Result]] @SRC<abi/interface>
+Returns the decoded values from the result of a call for
+//fragment// (see [[Interface--specifying-fragments]]) for the given //data//.
+
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const iface = _page.iface;
+
+// Decoding result data (e.g. from an eth_call)
+resultData = "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000de0b6b3a7640000";
+//_result:
+iface.decodeFunctionResult("balanceOf", resultData)
+//_log:
+
+// Decoding result data which was caused by a revert
+// Throws a CALL_EXCEPTION, with extra details
+errorData = "0xf7c3865a0000000000000000000000008ba1f109551bd432803012645ac136ddd64dba720000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000de0b6b3a7640000";
+//_throws:
+iface.decodeFunctionResult("balanceOf", errorData)
+//_log:
+
+// Decoding structured data returns a Result object, which
+// will include all values positionally and if the ABI
+// included names, values will additionally be available
+// by their name.
+resultData = "0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000400000000000000000000000008ba1f109551bd432803012645ac136ddd64dba72000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000d52696368617264204d6f6f726500000000000000000000000000000000000000";
+//_result:
+result = iface.decodeFunctionResult("getUser", resultData);
+//_log:
+
+// Access positionally:
+// The 0th output parameter, the 0th proerty of the structure
+//_result:
+result[0][0];
+//_log:
+
+// Access by name: (only avilable because parameters were named)
+//_result:
+result.user.name
+//_log:
+
+_subsection: Parsing @<Interface--parsing>
+
+The functions are generally the most useful for most developers. They will
+automatically search the ABI for a matching Event or Function and decode
+the components as a fully specified description.
+
+_property: interface.parseError(data) => [[ErrorDescription]] @SRC<abi/interface>
+Search for the error that matches the error selector in //data// and parse out
+the details.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const iface = _page.iface;
+
+const data = "0xf7c3865a0000000000000000000000008ba1f109551bd432803012645ac136ddd64dba720000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000de0b6b3a7640000";
+
+//_result:
+iface.parseError(data);
+//_hide: _.errorFragment = createClass("ErrorFragment");
+//_log:
+
+_property: interface.parseLog(log) => [[LogDescription]] @SRC<abi/interface>
+Search the event that matches the //log// topic hash and parse the values
+the log represents.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const iface = _page.iface;
+
+const data = "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000de0b6b3a7640000";
+const topics = [
+  "0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef",
+  "0x0000000000000000000000008ba1f109551bd432803012645ac136ddd64dba72",
+  "0x000000000000000000000000ab7c8803962c0f2f5bbbe3fa8bf41cd82aa1923c"
+];
+
+//_result:
+iface.parseLog({ data, topics });
+//_hide: _.eventFragment = createClass("EventFragment");
+//_log:
+
+_property: interface.parseTransaction(transaction) => [[TransactionDescription]] @SRC<abi/interface>
+Search for the function that matches the //transaction// data sighash
+and parse the transaction properties.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const iface = _page.iface;
+//_hide: const parseEther = ethers.utils.parseEther;
+
+const data = "0x23b872dd0000000000000000000000008ba1f109551bd432803012645ac136ddd64dba72000000000000000000000000ab7c8803962c0f2f5bbbe3fa8bf41cd82aa1923c0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000de0b6b3a7640000";
+const value = parseEther("1.0");
+
+//_result:
+iface.parseTransaction({ data, value });
+//_hide: _.functionFragment = createClass("FunctionFragment");
+//_log:
+
+_subsection: Types @<Interface--types>
+
+_heading: Result @<Result> @INHERIT<Array\<any\>>
+
+A **Result** is an array, so each value can be accessed as a positional
+argument.
+
+Additionally, if values are named, the identical object as its positional
+value can be accessed by its name.
+
+The name ``length`` is however reserved as it is part of the Array, so
+any named value for this key is renamed to ``_length``. If there is a
+name collision, only the first is available by its key.
+
+
+_heading: ErrorDescription @<ErrorDescription>
+
+_property: errorDescription.args => [[Result]]
+The values of the input parameters of the error.
+
+_property: errorDescription.errorFragment => [[ErrorFragment]]
+The [[ErrorFragment]] which matches the selector in the data.
+
+_property: errorDescription.name => string
+The error name. (e.g. ``AccountLocked``)
+
+_property: errorDescription.signature => string
+The error signature. (e.g. ``AccountLocked(address,uint256)``)
+
+_property: errorDescription.sighash => string
+The selector of the error.
+
+
+_heading: LogDescription @<LogDescription>
+
+_property: logDescription.args => [[Result]]
+The values of the input parameters of the event.
+
+_property: logDescription.eventFragment => [[EventFragment]]
+The [[EventFragment]] which matches the topic in the Log.
+
+_property: logDescription.name => string
+The event name. (e.g. ``Transfer``)
+
+_property: logDescription.signature => string
+The event signature. (e.g. ``Transfer(address,address,uint256)``)
+
+_property: logDescription.topic => string
+The topic hash.
+
+
+_heading: TransactionDescription @<TransactionDescription>
+
+_property: transactionDescription.args => [[Result]]
+The decoded values from the transaction data which were passed
+as the input parameters.
+
+_property: transactionDescription.functionFragment => [[FunctionFragment]]
+The [[FunctionFragment]] which matches the sighash in the transaction data.
+
+_property: transactionDescription.name => string
+The name of the function. (e.g. ``transfer``)
+
+_property: transactionDescription.sighash => string
+The sighash (or function selector) that matched the transaction data.
+
+_property: transactionDescription.signature => string
+The signature of the function. (e.g. ``transfer(address,uint256)``)
+
+_property: transactionDescription.value => [[BigNumber]]
+The value from the transaction.
+
+
+_subsection: Specifying Fragments @<Interface--specifying-fragments>
+
+When specifying a fragment to any of the functions in an **Interface**,
+any of the following may be used:
+
+- The **name** of the event or function, if it is unique and non-ambiguous
+  within the ABI (e.g. ``transfer``)
+- The **signature** of the event or function. The signature is normalized,
+  so, for example, ``uint`` and ``uint256`` are equivalent (e.g. ``transfer(address, uint)``)
+- The **sighash** or **topichash** of the function. The sighash is often referred
+  to the function selector in Solidity (e.g. ``0xa9059cbb``)
+- A [[Fragment]]
--- a/docs.wrm/api/utils/address.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/api/utils/address.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+_section: Addresses @<addresses>
+
+Explain addresses,formats and checksumming here.
+
+Also see: [constants.AddressZero](constants)
+
+_subsection: Address Formats  @<address-formats>
+
+
+_heading: Address  @<address>
+
+An **Address** is a [[DataHexString]] of 20 bytes (40 nibbles), with optional
+mixed case.
+
+If the case is mixed, it is a **Checksum Address**, which uses a specific pattern
+of uppercase and lowercase letters within a given address to reduce the risk
+of errors introduced from typing an address or cut and paste issues.
+
+All functions that return an Address will return a Checksum Address.
+
+_heading: ICAP Address  @<address-icap>
+
+The **ICAP Address Format** was an early attempt to introduce a checksum
+into Ethereum addresses using the popular banking industry's
+[IBAN](link-wiki-iban)
+format with the country code specified as **XE**.
+
+Due to the way IBAN encodes address, only addresses that fit into 30 base-36
+characters are actually compatible, so the format was adapted to support 31
+base-36 characters which is large enough for a full Ethereum address, however
+the preferred method was to select a private key whose address has a ``0`` as
+the first byte, which allows the address to be formatted as a fully compatibly
+standard IBAN address with 30 base-36 characters.
+
+In general this format is no longer widely supported anymore, however any function that
+accepts an address can receive an ICAP address, and it will be converted internally.
+
+To convert an address into the ICAP format, see [getIcapAddress](utils-getIcapAddress).
+
+
+_subsection: Converting and Verifying @<utils--address>
+
+_property: ethers.utils.getAddress(address) => string<[[address]]>  @<utils-getAddress> @SRC<address>
+Returns //address// as a Checksum Address.
+
+If //address// is an invalid 40-nibble [[HexString]] or if it contains mixed case and
+the checksum is invalid, an [INVALID_ARGUMENT](errors--invalid-argument) Error is thrown.
+
+The value of //address// may be any supported address format.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const getAddress = ethers.utils.getAddress;
+
+// Injects the checksum (via upper-casing specific letters)
+//_result:
+getAddress("0x8ba1f109551bd432803012645ac136ddd64dba72");
+//_log:
+
+// Converts and injects the checksum
+//_result:
+getAddress("XE65GB6LDNXYOFTX0NSV3FUWKOWIXAMJK36");
+//_log:
+
+// Throws if a checksummed address is provided, but a
+// letter is the wrong case
+// ------------v (should be lower-case)
+//_throws:
+getAddress("0x8Ba1f109551bD432803012645Ac136ddd64DBA72")
+//_log:
+
+// Throws if the ICAP/IBAN checksum fails
+//_throws:
+getIcapAddress("XE65GB6LDNXYOFTX0NSV3FUWKOWIXAMJK37");
+//_log:
+
+// Throws if the address is invalid, in general
+//_throws:
+getIcapAddress("I like turtles!");
+//_log:
+
+
+_property: ethers.utils.getIcapAddress(address) => string<[IcapAddress](address-icap)>  @<utils-getIcapAddress> @SRC<address>
+Returns //address// as an [ICAP address](link-icap).
+Supports the same restrictions as [getAddress](utils-getAddress).
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const getIcapAddress = ethers.utils.getIcapAddress;
+
+//_result:
+getIcapAddress("0x8ba1f109551bd432803012645ac136ddd64dba72");
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+getIcapAddress("XE65GB6LDNXYOFTX0NSV3FUWKOWIXAMJK36");
+//_log:
+
+_property: ethers.utils.isAddress(address) => boolean  @<utils-isAddress> @SRC<address>
+Returns true if //address// is valid (in any supported format).
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const isAddress = ethers.utils.isAddress;
+
+//_result:
+isAddress("0x8ba1f109551bd432803012645ac136ddd64dba72");
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+isAddress("XE65GB6LDNXYOFTX0NSV3FUWKOWIXAMJK36");
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+isAddress("I like turtles.");
+//_log:
+
+_subsection: Derivation @<utils--address-derivation>
+
+_property: ethers.utils.computeAddress(publicOrPrivateKey) => string<[[address]]>  @<utils-computeAddress> @SRC<transactions>
+Returns the address for //publicOrPrivateKey//. A public key may be
+compressed or uncompressed, and a private key will be converted
+automatically to a public key for the derivation.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const computeAddress = ethers.utils.computeAddress;
+
+// Private Key
+//_result:
+computeAddress("0xb976778317b23a1385ec2d483eda6904d9319135b89f1d8eee9f6d2593e2665d");
+//_log:
+
+// Public Key (compressed)
+//_result:
+computeAddress("0x0376698beebe8ee5c74d8cc50ab84ac301ee8f10af6f28d0ffd6adf4d6d3b9b762");
+//_log:
+
+// Public Key (uncompressed)
+//_result:
+computeAddress("0x0476698beebe8ee5c74d8cc50ab84ac301ee8f10af6f28d0ffd6adf4d6d3b9b762d46ca56d3dad2ce13213a6f42278dabbb53259f2d92681ea6a0b98197a719be3");
+//_log:
+
+_property: ethers.utils.recoverAddress(digest, signature) => string<[[address]]>  @<utils-recoverAddress> @SRC<transactions>
+Use [[link-wiki-ecrecover]] to determine the address that signed //digest// to
+which generated //signature//.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const recoverAddress = ethers.utils.recoverAddress;
+
+const digest = "0x7c5ea36004851c764c44143b1dcb59679b11c9a68e5f41497f6cf3d480715331";
+
+// Using an expanded Signature
+//_result:
+recoverAddress(digest, {
+  r: "0x528459e4aec8934dc2ee94c4f3265cf6ce00d47cf42bb106afda3642c72e25eb",
+  s: "0x42544137118256121502784e5a6425e6183ca964421ecd577db6c66ba9bccdcf",
+  v: 27
+});
+//_log:
+
+// Using a flat Signature
+const signature = "0x528459e4aec8934dc2ee94c4f3265cf6ce00d47cf42bb106afda3642c72e25eb42544137118256121502784e5a6425e6183ca964421ecd577db6c66ba9bccdcf1b";
+//_result:
+recoverAddress(digest, signature);
+//_log:
+
+_subsection: Contracts Addresses @<utils--contract-addresses>
+
+_property: ethers.utils.getContractAddress(transaction) => string<[[address]]>  @<utils-getContractAddress> @SRC<address>
+Returns the contract address that would result if //transaction// was
+used to deploy a contract.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const getContractAddress = ethers.utils.getContractAddress;
+
+const from = "0x8ba1f109551bD432803012645Ac136ddd64DBA72";
+const nonce = 5;
+
+//_result:
+getContractAddress({ from, nonce });
+//_log:
+
+_property: ethers.utils.getCreate2Address(from, salt, initCodeHash) => string<[[address]]> @<utils-getCreate2Address> @SRC<address>
+Returns the contract address that would result from the given
+[CREATE2](link-eip-1014) call.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const getCreate2Address = ethers.utils.getCreate2Address;
+//_hide: const keccak256 = ethers.utils.keccak256;
+
+const from = "0x8ba1f109551bD432803012645Ac136ddd64DBA72";
+const salt = "0x7c5ea36004851c764c44143b1dcb59679b11c9a68e5f41497f6cf3d480715331";
+const initCode = "0x6394198df16000526103ff60206004601c335afa6040516060f3";
+const initCodeHash = keccak256(initCode);
+
+//_result:
+getCreate2Address(from, salt, initCodeHash);
+//_log:
+
+
--- a/docs.wrm/api/utils/bignumber.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/api/utils/bignumber.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+_section: BigNumber @<BigNumber>
+
+Many operations in Ethereum operate on numbers which are
+[outside the range of safe values](BigNumber--notes-safenumbers) to use
+in JavaScript.
+
+A **BigNumber** is an object which safely allows mathematical operations
+on numbers of any magnitude.
+
+Most operations which need to return a value will return a **BigNumber**
+and parameters which accept values will generally accept them.
+
+
+_subsection: Types @<BigNumber--types>
+
+_heading: BigNumberish @<BigNumberish>
+
+Many functions and methods in this library take in values which
+can be non-ambiguously and safely converted to a BigNumber. These
+values can be specified as:
+
+_definition: **//string//**
+A [[HexString]] or a decimal string, either of which may
+be negative.
+
+_definition: **//BytesLike//**
+A [[BytesLike]] Object, such as an Array or Uint8Array.
+
+_definition: **//BigNumber//**
+An existing [[BigNumber]] instance.
+
+_definition: **//number//**
+A number that is within the [safe range](link-js-maxsafe) for JavaScript numbers.
+
+_definition: **//BigInt//**
+A JavaScript [BigInt](link-js-bigint)
+object, on environments that support BigInt.
+
+
+_subsection: Creating Instances @<BigNumber--creating>
+
+The constructor of BigNumber cannot be called directly. Instead, Use the static ``BigNumber.from``.
+
+_property: ethers.BigNumber.from(aBigNumberish) => [[BigNumber]]
+Returns an instance of a **BigNumber** for //aBigNumberish//.
+
+_heading: Examples:  @<>
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+// From a decimal string...
+//_result:
+BigNumber.from("42")
+//_log:
+
+// From a HexString...
+//_result:
+BigNumber.from("0x2a")
+//_log:
+
+// From a negative HexString...
+//_result:
+BigNumber.from("-0x2a")
+//_log:
+
+// From an Array (or Uint8Array)...
+//_result:
+BigNumber.from([ 42 ])
+//_log:
+
+// From an existing BigNumber...
+let one1 = constants.One;
+let one2 = BigNumber.from(one1)
+
+//_result:
+one2
+//_log:
+
+// ...which returns the same instance
+//_result:
+one1 === one2
+//_log:
+
+// From a (safe) number...
+//_result:
+BigNumber.from(42)
+//_log:
+
+// From a ES2015 BigInt... (only on platforms with BigInt support)
+//_result:
+BigNumber.from(42n)
+//_log:
+
+// Numbers outside the safe range fail:
+//_throws:
+BigNumber.from(Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER);
+//_log:
+
+
+_subsection: Methods @<BigNumber--methods>
+
+The BigNumber class is immutable, so no operations can change the value
+it represents.
+
+
+_heading: Math Operations
+
+_property: bigNumber.add(otherValue) => [[BigNumber]]  @SRC<bignumber>
+Returns a BigNumber with the value of //BigNumber// **+** //otherValue//.
+
+_property: bigNumber.sub(otherValue) => [[BigNumber]]  @SRC<bignumber>
+Returns a BigNumber with the value of //BigNumber// **-** //otherValue//.
+
+_property: bigNumber.mul(otherValue) => [[BigNumber]]  @SRC<bignumber>
+Returns a BigNumber with the value of //BigNumber// **&times;** //otherValue//.
+
+_property: bigNumber.div(divisor) => [[BigNumber]]  @SRC<bignumber>
+Returns a BigNumber with the value of //BigNumber// **&div;** //divisor//.
+
+_property: bigNumber.mod(divisor) => [[BigNumber]]  @SRC<bignumber>
+Returns a BigNumber with the value of the **remainder** of //BigNumber// &div; //divisor//.
+
+_property: bigNumber.pow(exponent) => [[BigNumber]]  @SRC<bignumber>
+Returns a BigNumber with the value of //BigNumber// to the power of //exponent//.
+
+_property: bigNumber.abs() => [[BigNumber]]  @SRC<bignumber>
+Returns a BigNumber with the absolute value of //BigNumber//.
+
+_property: bigNumber.mask(bitcount) => [[BigNumber]]  @SRC<bignumber>
+Returns a BigNumber with the value of //BigNumber// with bits beyond
+the //bitcount// least significant bits set to zero.
+
+
+_heading: Two's Complement
+
+[Two's Complement](link-wiki-twoscomplement)
+is an elegant method used to encode and decode fixed-width signed values
+while efficiently preserving mathematical operations.
+Most users will not need to interact with these.
+
+_property: bigNumber.fromTwos(bitwidth) => [[BigNumber]]  @SRC<bignumber>
+Returns a BigNumber with the value of //BigNumber// converted from twos-complement with //bitwidth//.
+
+_property: bigNumber.toTwos(bitwidth) => [[BigNumber]]  @SRC<bignumber>
+Returns a BigNumber with the value of //BigNumber// converted to twos-complement with //bitwidth//.
+
+
+_heading: Comparison and Equivalence
+
+_property: bigNumber.eq(otherValue) => boolean  @SRC<bignumber>
+Returns true if and only if the value of //BigNumber// is equal to //otherValue//.
+
+_property: bigNumber.lt(otherValue) => boolean  @SRC<bignumber>
+Returns true if and only if the value of //BigNumber// **<** //otherValue//.
+
+_property: bigNumber.lte(otherValue) => boolean  @SRC<bignumber>
+Returns true if and only if the value of //BigNumber// **&le;** //otherValue//.
+
+_property: bigNumber.gt(otherValue) => boolean  @SRC<bignumber>
+Returns true if and only if the value of //BigNumber// **>** //otherValue//.
+
+_property: bigNumber.gte(otherValue) => boolean  @SRC<bignumber>
+Returns true if and only if the value of //BigNumber// **&ge;** //otherValue//.
+
+_property: bigNumber.isZero() => boolean  @SRC<bignumber:BigNumber.isZero>
+Returns true if and only if the value of //BigNumber// is zero.
+
+
+_heading: Conversion
+
+_property: bigNumber.toBigInt() => bigint  @SRC<bignumber>
+Returns the value of //BigNumber// as a [JavaScript BigInt](link-js-bigint) value,
+on platforms which support them.
+
+_property: bigNumber.toNumber() => number  @SRC<bignumber>
+Returns the value of //BigNumber// as a JavaScript value.
+
+This will **throw an error**
+if the value is greater than or equal to //Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER// or less than or
+equal to //Number.MIN_SAFE_INTEGER//.
+
+_property: bigNumber.toString() => string  @SRC<bignumber:BigNumber.toString>
+Returns the value of //BigNumber// as a base-10 string.
+
+_property: bigNumber.toHexString() => string<[[DataHexString]]>  @SRC<bignumber:BigNumber.toHexString>
+Returns the value of //BigNumber// as a base-16, ``0x``-prefixed [[DataHexString]].
+
+
+_heading: Inspection
+
+_property: ethers.BigNumber.isBigNumber(object) => boolean  @SRC<bignumber>
+Returns true if and only if the //object// is a BigNumber object.
+
+
+_heading: Examples
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+let a = BigNumber.from(42);
+let b = BigNumber.from("91");
+
+//_result:
+a.mul(b);
+//_log:
+
+
+_subsection: Notes @<BigNumber--notes>
+
+This section is a for a couple of questions that come up frequently.
+
+
+_heading: Why can't I just use numbers? @<BigNumber--notes-safenumbers>
+
+The first problem many encounter when dealing with Ethereum is
+the concept of numbers. Most common currencies are broken down
+with very little granularity. For example, there are only 100
+cents in a single dollar. However, there are 10^^18^^ **wei** in a
+single **ether**.
+
+JavaScript uses [IEEE 754 double-precision binary floating point](link-wiki-ieee754)
+numbers to represent numeric values. As a result, there are //holes//
+in the integer set after 9,007,199,254,740,991; which is
+problematic for //Ethereum// because that is only around 0.009
+ether (in wei), which means any value over that will begin to
+experience rounding errors.
+
+To demonstrate how this may be an issue in your code, consider:
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_result:
+(Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER + 2 - 2) == (Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER)
+//_log:
+
+_null:
+
+To remedy this, all numbers (which can be large) are stored
+and manipulated as [Big Numbers](BigNumber).
+
+The functions [parseEther( etherString )](utils-parseEther) and
+[formatEther( wei )](utils-formatEther) can be used to convert
+between string representations, which are displayed to or entered
+by the user and Big Number representations which can have
+mathematical operations handled safely.
+
+
+_heading: Why not BigNumber.js, BN.js, BigDecimal, etc?
+
+Everyone has their own favourite Big Number library, and once someone
+has chosen one, it becomes part of their identity, like their editor,
+vi vs emacs. There are over 100 Big Number libraries on [npm](link-npm-query-bignumber).
+
+One of the biggest differences between the Ethers [[BigNumber]] object and
+other libraries is that it is immutable, which is very important when
+dealing with the asynchronous nature of the blockchain.
+
+Capturing the value is not safe in async functions, so immutability
+protects us from easy to make mistakes, which is not possible on the
+low-level library's objects which supports myriad in-place operations.
+
+Second, the Ethers [[BigNumber]] provides all the functionality required
+internally and should generally be sufficient for most developers while
+not exposing some of the more advanced and rare functionality. So it will
+be easier to swap out the underlying library without impacting consumers.
+
+For example, if [[link-npm-bnjs]] was exposed, someone may use the
+greatest-common-denominator functions, which would then be functionality
+the replacing library should also provide to ensure anyone depending on
+that functionality is not broken.
+
+
+_heading: Why BN.js??
+
+The reason why [[link-npm-bnjs]] is used internally as the big
+number is because that is the library used by [[link-npm-elliptic]].
+
+Therefore it **must** be included regardless, so we leverage that
+library rather than adding another Big Number library, which would
+mean two different libraries offering the same functionality.
+
+This has saved about 85kb (80% of this library size) of library size
+over other libraries which include separate Big Number libraries for
+various purposes.
+
+
+_heading: Allow us to set a global Big Number library?
+
+Another comment that comes up frequently is the desire to specify a
+global user-defined Big Number library, which all functions would
+return.
+
+This becomes problematic since your code may live along side other
+libraries or code that use Ethers. In fact, even Ethers uses a lot
+of the public functions internally.
+
+If you, for example, used a library that used ``a.plus(b)`` instead
+of ``a.add(b)``, this would break Ethers when it tries to compute
+fees internally, and other libraries likely have similar logic.
+
+But, the [[BigNumber]] prototype is exposed, so you can always add a
+``toMyCustomBigNumber()`` method to all [[BigNumber]]'s globally
+which is safe.
--- a/docs.wrm/api/utils/bytes.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/api/utils/bytes.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+_section: Byte Manipulation
+
+While there are many high-level APIs for interacting with
+Ethereum, such as [Contracts](Contract) and [Providers](Provider),
+a lot of the low level access requires byte manipulation
+operations.
+
+Many of these operations are used internally, but can also be
+used to help normalize binary data representations from the
+output of various functions and methods.
+
+_subsection: Types
+
+_heading: Bytes @<Bytes>
+
+A **Bytes** is any object which is an
+[Array](link-js-array) or [TypedArray](link-js-typedarray) with
+each value in the valid byte range (i.e. between 0 and 255 inclusive),
+or is an Object with a ``length`` property where each indexed property
+is in the valid byte range.
+
+_heading: BytesLike @<BytesLike>
+
+A **BytesLike** can be either a [[Bytes]] or a [[DataHexString]].
+
+_heading: DataHexString @<DataHexString>
+
+A **DataHexstring** is identical to a [[HexString]] except that it has
+an even number of nibbles, and therefore is a valid representation of
+binary data as a string.
+
+_heading: HexString @<HexString>
+
+A **Hexstring** is a string which has a ``0x`` prefix followed by any
+number of nibbles (i.e. case-insensitive hexadecimal characters, ``0-9`` and ``a-f``).
+
+_heading: Signature @<Signature>
+
+- **r** and **s** --- The x co-ordinate of **r** and the **s** value of the signature
+- **v** --- The parity of the y co-ordinate of **r**
+- **yParityAndS** --- The [compact representation](link-eip-2098) of the **s** and **v**
+- **_vs** --- Deprecated property; renamed to yParityAndS
+- **recoveryParam** --- The normalized (i.e. 0 or 1) value of **v**
+- **compact** - The full signature using [compact representation](link-eip-2098)
+
+_heading: Raw Signature @<signature-raw> @inherit<string\<[[DataHexString]]\<65\>\>>
+
+A **Raw Signature** is a common Signature format where the r, s and v are
+concatenated into a 65 byte (130 nibble) [[DataHexString]].
+
+
+_heading: SignatureLike @<SignatureLike>
+
+A **SignatureLike** is similar to a [[Signature]], except redundant properties
+may be omitted or it may be a [[signature-raw]].
+
+For example, if **_vs** is specified, **s** and **v** may be omitted. Likewise,
+if **recoveryParam** is provided, **v** may be omitted (as in these cases the
+missing values can be computed).
+
+
+_subsection: Inspection
+
+_property: ethers.utils.isBytes(object) => boolean  @<utils-isBytes> @SRC<bytes>
+Returns true if and only if //object// is a valid [[Bytes]].
+
+_property: ethers.utils.isBytesLike(object) => boolean  @<utils-isBytesLike> @SRC<bytes>
+Returns true if and only if //object// is a [[Bytes]] or [[DataHexString]].
+
+_property: ethers.utils.isHexString(object, [ length ] ) => boolean  @<utils-isHexString> @SRC<bytes>
+Returns true if and only if //object// is a valid hex string.
+If //length// is specified and //object// is not a valid [[DataHexString]] of
+//length// bytes, an InvalidArgument error is thrown.
+
+
+_subsection: Converting between Arrays and Hexstrings
+
+_property: ethers.utils.arrayify(DataHexStringOrArrayish [ , options ]) => Uint8Array  @<utils-arrayify> @SRC<bytes>
+Converts //DataHexStringOrArrayish// to a Uint8Array.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.hexlify(hexstringOrArrayish) => string<[[DataHexString]]>  @<utils-hexlify> @SRC<bytes>
+Converts //hexstringOrArrayish// to a [[DataHexString]].
+
+_property: ethers.utils.hexValue(aBigNumberish) => string<[[HexString]]>  @<utils-hexValue> @SRC<bytes>
+Converts //aBigNumberish// to a [[HexString]], with no __unnecessary__ leading
+zeros.
+
+_code: Examples @lang<javascript>
+
+// Convert a hexstring to a Uint8Array
+//_result:
+arrayify("0x1234")
+//_log:
+
+// Convert an Array to a hexstring
+//_result:
+hexlify([1, 2, 3, 4])
+//_log:
+
+// Convert an Object to a hexstring
+//_result:
+hexlify({ length: 2, "0": 1, "1": 2 })
+//_log:
+
+// Convert an Array to a hexstring
+//_result:
+hexlify([ 1 ])
+//_log:
+
+// Convert a number to a stripped hex value
+//_result:
+hexValue(1)
+//_log:
+
+// Convert an Array to a stripped hex value
+//_result:
+hexValue([ 1, 2 ])
+//_log:
+
+
+_subsection: Array Manipulation
+
+_property: ethers.utils.concat(arrayOfBytesLike) => Uint8Array  @<utils-concat> @SRC<bytes>
+Concatenates all the [[BytesLike]] in //arrayOfBytesLike// into a single Uint8Array.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.stripZeros(aBytesLike) => Uint8Array  @<utils-stripZeros> @SRC<bytes>
+Returns a Uint8Array with all leading ``0`` bytes of //aBtyesLike// removed.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.zeroPad(aBytesLike, length) => Uint8Array  @<utils-zeroPad> @SRC<bytes>
+Returns a Uint8Array of the data in //aBytesLike// with ``0`` bytes prepended to
+//length// bytes long.
+
+If //aBytesLike// is already longer than //length// bytes long, an InvalidArgument
+error will be thrown.
+
+
+_subsection: Hexstring Manipulation
+
+_property: ethers.utils.hexConcat(arrayOfBytesLike) => string<[[DataHexString]]>  @<utils-hexConcat> @SRC<bytes>
+Concatenates all the [[BytesLike]] in //arrayOfBytesLike// into a single [[DataHexString]]
+
+_property: ethers.utils.hexDataLength(aBytesLike) => string<[[DataHexString]]>  @<utils-hexDataLength> @SRC<bytes>
+Returns the length (in bytes) of //aBytesLike//.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.hexDataSlice(aBytesLike, offset [ , endOffset ] ) => string<[[DataHexString]]>  @<utils-hexDataSlice> @SRC<bytes>
+Returns a [[DataHexString]] representation of a slice of //aBytesLike//, from
+//offset// (in bytes) to //endOffset// (in bytes). If //endOffset// is
+omitted, the length of //aBytesLike// is used.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.hexStripZeros(aBytesLike) => string<[[HexString]]>  @<utils-hexStripZeros> @SRC<bytes>
+Returns a [[HexString]] representation of //aBytesLike// with all
+leading zeros removed.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.hexZeroPad(aBytesLike, length) => string<[[DataHexString]]>  @<utils-hexZeroPad> @SRC<bytes>
+Returns a [[DataHexString]] representation of //aBytesLike// padded to //length// bytes.
+
+If //aBytesLike// is already longer than //length// bytes long, an InvalidArgument
+error will be thrown.
+
+
+_subsection: Signature Conversion
+
+_property: ethers.utils.joinSignature(aSignatureLike) => string<[RawSignature](signature-raw)>  @<utils-joinSignature> @SRC<bytes>
+Return the raw-format of //aSignaturelike//, which is 65 bytes (130 nibbles)
+long, concatenating the **r**, **s** and (normalized) **v** of a Signature.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.splitSignature(aSignatureLikeOrBytesLike) => [[Signature]]  @<utils-splitSignature> @SRC<bytes>
+Return the full expanded-format of //aSignaturelike// or a raw-format [[DataHexString]].
+Any missing properties will be computed.
+
+_subsection: Random Bytes
+
+_property: ethers.utils.randomBytes(length) => Uint8Array  @<utils-randomBytes> @SRC<random/random>
+Return a new Uint8Array of //length// random bytes.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.shuffled(array) => Array<any>  @<utils-shuffled> @SRC<random>
+Return a copy of //array// shuffled using [[link-wiki-shuffle]].
+
+_code: Examples @lang<javascript>
+
+//_result:
+utils.randomBytes(8)
+//_log:
+
+const data = [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ];
+
+// Returns a new Array
+//_result:
+utils.shuffled(data);
+//_log:
+
+// The Original is unscathed...
+//_result:
+data
+//_log:
--- a/docs.wrm/api/utils/constants.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/api/utils/constants.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+_section: Constants @<constants>
+
+The **ethers.constants** Object contains commonly used values.
+
+
+_subsection: Bytes
+
+_property: ethers.constants.AddressZero => string<[Address](address)>  @<constants-AddressZero> @SRC<constants>
+The Address Zero, which is 20 bytes (40 nibbles) of zero.
+
+_property: ethers.constants.HashZero => string<[[DataHexString]]<32>>  @<constants-HashZero> @SRC<constants>
+The Hash Zero, which is 32 bytes (64 nibbles) of zero.
+
+
+_subsection: Strings
+
+_property: ethers.constants.EtherSymbol => string  @<constants-EtherSymbol> @SRC<constants>
+The Ether symbol, **&Xi;**.
+
+
+_subsection: BigNumber
+
+_property: ethers.constants.NegativeOne => [[BigNumber]]  @<constants-NegativeOne> @SRC<constants>
+The BigNumber value representing ``"-1"``.
+
+_property: ethers.constants.Zero => [[BigNumber]]  @<constants-Zero> @SRC<constants>
+The BigNumber value representing ``"0"``.
+
+_property: ethers.constants.One => [[BigNumber]]  @<constants-One> @SRC<constants>
+The BigNumber value representing ``"1"``.
+
+_property: ethers.constants.Two => [[BigNumber]]  @<constants-Two> @SRC<constants>
+The BigNumber value representing ``"2"``.
+
+_property: ethers.constants.WeiPerEther => [[BigNumber]]  @<constants-WeiPerEther> @SRC<constants>
+The BigNumber value representing ``"1000000000000000000"``, which is the
+number of Wei per Ether.
+
+_property: ethers.constants.MaxUint256 => [[BigNumber]]  @<constants-MaxUint256> @SRC<constants>
+The BigNumber value representing the maximum ``uint256`` value.
+
+
+
--- a/docs.wrm/api/utils/display-logic.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/api/utils/display-logic.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+_section: Display Logic and Input @<display-logic>
+
+When creating an Application, it is useful to convert between
+user-friendly strings (usually displaying **ether**) and the
+machine-readable values that contracts and maths depend on
+(usually in **wei**).
+
+For example, a Wallet may specify the balance in ether, and
+gas prices in gwei for the User Interface, but when sending
+a transaction, both must be specified in wei.
+
+The [parseUnits](unit-conversion) will parse a string representing
+ether, such as ``1.1`` into a [BigNumber](BigNumber) in wei, and is
+useful when a user types in a value, such as sending 1.1 ether.
+
+The [formatUnits](unit-conversion) will format a [BigNumberish](BigNumberish)
+into a string, which is useful when displaying a balance.
+
+
+_subsection: Units @<display-logic--units>
+
+_heading: Decimal Count
+
+A **Unit** can be specified as a number, which indicates the
+number of decimal places that should be used.
+
+**Examples:**
+
+- 1 ether in wei, has **18** decimal places (i.e. 1 ether represents 10^^18^^ wei)
+- 1 bitcoin in Satoshi, has **8** decimal places (i.e. 1 bitcoin represents 10^^8^^ satoshi)
+
+_heading: Named Units @<display-logic--named-units>
+
+There are also several common **Named Units**, in which case their name (as
+a string) may be used.
+
+_table: @STYLE<compact>
+
+|  **Name**    |  **Decimals**  |
+|  //wei//     |      0         |
+|  //kwei//    |      3         |
+|  //mwei//    |      6         |
+|  //gwei//    |      9         |
+|  //szabo//   |     12         |
+|  //finney//  |     15         |
+|  //ether//   |     18         |
+
+
+_subsection: Functions @<display-logic--functions>
+
+_heading: Formatting @<display-logic--formatting>
+
+_property: ethers.utils.commify(value) => string  @<utils-commify> @SRC<units>
+Returns a string with value grouped by 3 digits, separated by ``,``.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const commify = ethers.utils.commify;
+
+//_result:
+commify("-1000.3000");
+//_log:
+
+_heading: Conversion @<unit-conversion>
+
+_property: ethers.utils.formatUnits(value [ , unit = "ether" ] ) => string  @<utils-formatUnits> @SRC<units>
+Returns a string representation of //value// formatted with //unit//
+digits (if it is a number) or to the unit specified (if a string).
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const formatUnits = ethers.utils.formatUnits;
+//_hide: const BigNumber = ethers.BigNumber;
+
+const oneGwei = BigNumber.from("1000000000");
+const oneEther = BigNumber.from("1000000000000000000");
+
+//_result:
+formatUnits(oneGwei, 0);
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+formatUnits(oneGwei, "gwei");
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+formatUnits(oneGwei, 9);
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+formatUnits(oneEther);
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+formatUnits(oneEther, 18);
+//_log:
+
+_property: ethers.utils.formatEther(value) => string  @<utils-formatEther> @SRC<units>
+The equivalent to calling ``formatUnits(value, "ether")``.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const formatEther = ethers.utils.formatEther;
+//_hide: const BigNumber = ethers.BigNumber;
+
+const value = BigNumber.from("1000000000000000000");
+
+//_result:
+formatEther(value);
+//_log:
+
+_property: ethers.utils.parseUnits(value [ , unit = "ether" ] ) => [BigNumber](BigNumber)  @<utils-parseUnits> @SRC<units>
+Returns a [BigNumber](BigNumber) representation of //value//, parsed with
+//unit// digits (if it is a number) or from the unit specified (if
+a string).
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const parseUnits = ethers.utils.parseUnits;
+
+//_result:
+parseUnits("1.0");
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+parseUnits("1.0", "ether");
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+parseUnits("1.0", 18);
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+parseUnits("121.0", "gwei");
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+parseUnits("121.0", 9);
+//_log:
+
+_property: ethers.utils.parseEther(value) => [BigNumber](BigNumber)  @<utils-parseEther> @SRC<units>
+The equivalent to calling ``parseUnits(value, "ether")``.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const parseEther = ethers.utils.parseEther;
+
+//_result:
+parseEther("1.0");
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+parseEther("-0.5");
+//_log:
--- a/docs.wrm/api/utils/encoding.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/api/utils/encoding.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+_section: Encoding Utilities @<encoding>
+
+_subsection: Base58 @<Bse58> @SRC<basex:Base58>
+
+_property: ethers.utils.base58.decode(textData) => Uint8Array
+Return a typed Uint8Array representation of //textData// decoded using
+base-58 encoding.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const base58 = ethers.utils.base58;
+
+//_result:
+base58.decode("TzMhH");
+//_log:
+
+_property: ethers.utils.base58.encode(aBytesLike) => string
+Return //aBytesLike// encoded as a string using the base-58 encoding.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const base58 = ethers.utils.base58;
+
+//_result:
+base58.encode("0x12345678");
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+base58.encode([ 0x12, 0x34, 0x56, 0x78 ]);
+//_log:
+
+
+_subsection: Base64 @<Base64>
+
+_property: ethers.utils.base64.decode(textData) => Uint8Array  @SRC<base64>
+Return a typed Uint8Array representation of //textData// decoded using
+base-64 encoding.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const base64 = ethers.utils.base64;
+
+//_result:
+base64.decode("EjQ=");
+//_log:
+
+_property: ethers.utils.base64.encode(aBytesLike) => string  @SRC<base64>
+Return //aBytesLike// encoded as a string using the base-64 encoding.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const base64 = ethers.utils.base64;
+
+//_result:
+base64.encode("0x1234");
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+base64.encode([ 0x12, 0x34 ]);
+//_log:
+
+
+_subsection: Recursive-Length Prefix @<rlp--methods>
+
+The [[link-rlp]] encoding is used throughout Ethereum to serialize nested
+structures of Arrays and data.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.RLP.encode(dataObject) => string<[[DataHexString]]>  @<utils-rlpEncode> @SRC<rlp>
+Encode a structured [Data Object](rlp--dataobject) into its RLP-encoded representation.
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const RLP = ethers.utils.RLP;
+
+//_result:
+RLP.encode("0x12345678");
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+RLP.encode([ "0x12345678" ]);
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+RLP.encode([ new Uint8Array([ 0x12, 0x34, 0x56, 0x78 ]) ]);
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+RLP.encode([ [ "0x42", [ "0x43" ] ], "0x12345678", [ ] ]);
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+RLP.encode([ ]);
+//_log:
+
+_property: ethers.utils.RLP.decode(aBytesLike) => [DataObject](rlp--dataobject)  @<utils.rlpDecode> @SRC<rlp>
+Decode an RLP-encoded //aBytesLike// into its structured [Data Object](rlp--dataobject).
+
+All Data components will be returned as a [[DataHexString]].
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const RLP = ethers.utils.RLP;
+
+//_result:
+RLP.decode("0x8412345678");
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+RLP.decode("0xcac342c1438412345678c0");
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+RLP.decode("0xc0");
+//_log:
+
+_heading: Data Object @<rlp--dataobject>
+
+A **Data Object** is a recursive structure which is used to serialize many
+internal structures in Ethereum. Each **Data Object** can either be:
+
+- Binary Data
+- An Array of **Data Objects** (i.e. this recursively includes Nesting)
+
+_definition: **Examples**
+
+- ``"0x1234"``
+- ``[ "0x1234", [ "0xdead", "0xbeef" ], [ ] ]``
--- a/docs.wrm/api/utils/fixednumber.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/api/utils/fixednumber.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+_section: FixedNumber @<FixedNumber>
+
+A **FixedNumber** is a fixed-width (in bits) number with an internal
+base-10 divisor, which allows it to represent a decimal fractional
+component.
+
+_subsection: Creating Instances
+
+The FixedNumber constructor cannot be called directly. There are several
+static methods for creating a FixedNumber.
+
+_property: FixedNumber.from(value [ , format = "fixed" ] ) => [[FixedNumber]]  @SRC<bignumber:FixedNumber.from>
+Returns an instance of a **FixedNumber** for //value// as a //format//.
+
+_property: FixedNumber.fromBytes(aBytesLike [ , format = "fixed" ] ) => [[FixedNumber]]  @SRC<bignumber>
+Returns an instance of a **FixedNumber** for //value// as a //format//.
+
+_property: FixedNumber.fromString(value [ , format = "fixed" ] ) => [[FixedNumber]]  @SRC<bignumber:FixedNumber.fromString>
+Returns an instance of a **FixedNumber** for //value// as a //format//. The //value// must
+not contain more decimals than the //format// permits.
+
+_property: FixedNumber.fromValue(value [ , decimals = 0 [ , format = "fixed" ] ] ) => [[FixedNumber]]  @SRC<bignumber:FixedNumber.fromValue>
+Returns an instance of a **FixedNumber** for //value// with //decimals// as a //format//.
+
+
+_subsection: Properties
+
+_property: fixednumber.format
+The [FixedFormat](FixedFormat) of //fixednumber//.
+
+
+_subsection: Methods
+
+_heading: Math Operations
+
+_property: fixednumber.addUnsafe(otherValue) => [[FixedNumber]]  @SRC<bignumber/fixednumber>
+Returns a new FixedNumber with the value of //fixedvalue// **+** //otherValue//.
+
+_property: fixednumber.subUnsafe(otherValue) => [[FixedNumber]]  @SRC<bignumber/fixednumber>
+Returns a new FixedNumber with the value of //fixedvalue// **-** //otherValue//.
+
+_property: fixednumber.mulUnsafe(otherValue) => [[FixedNumber]]  @SRC<bignumber/fixednumber>
+Returns a new FixedNumber with the value of //fixedvalue// **&times;** //otherValue//.
+
+_property: fixednumber.divUnsafe(otherValue) => [[FixedNumber]]  @SRC<bignumber/fixednumber>
+Returns a new FixedNumber with the value of //fixedvalue// **&div;** //otherValue//.
+
+_property: fixednumber.round([ decimals = 0 ]) => [[FixedNumber]]  @SRC<bignumber/fixednumber>
+Returns a new FixedNumber with the value of //fixedvalue// rounded to //decimals//.
+
+
+_heading: Comparison and Equivalence
+
+_property: FixedNumber.isZero() => boolean  @SRC<bignumber/fixednumber:FixedNumber.isZero>
+Returns true if and only if the value of //FixedNumber// is zero.
+
+
+_heading: Conversion
+
+_property: fixednumber.toFormat(format) => [[FixedNumber]]  @SRC<bignumber/fixednumber>
+Returns a new FixedNumber with the value of //fixedvalue// with //format//.
+
+_property: fixednumber.toHexString() => string  @SRC<bignumber/fixednumber>
+Returns a [[HexString]] representation of //fixednumber//.
+
+_property: fixednumber.toString() => string  @SRC<bignumber/fixednumber>
+Returns a string representation of //fixednumber//.
+
+_property: fixednumber.toUnsafeFloat() => float  @SRC<bignumber/fixednumber>
+Returns a floating-point JavaScript number value of //fixednumber//.
+Due to rounding in JavaScript numbers, the value is only approximate.
+
+
+_heading: Inspection
+
+_property: FixedNumber.isFixedNumber(value) => boolean  @SRC<bignumber/fixednumber>
+Returns true if and only if //value// is a **FixedNumber**.
+
+
+_subsection: FixedFormat @<FixedFormat>
+
+A **FixedFormat** is a simple object which represents a decimal
+(base-10) Fixed-Point data representation. Usually using this
+class directly is unnecessary, as passing in a [[FixedFormat--strings]]
+directly into the [[FixedNumber]] will automatically create this.
+
+_heading: Format Strings  @<FixedFormat--strings>
+
+A format string is composed of three components, including signed-ness,
+bit-width and number of decimals.
+
+A signed format string begins with ``fixed``, which an unsigned format
+string begins with ``ufixed``, followed by the width (in bits) and the
+number of decimals.
+
+The width must be congruent to 0 mod 8 (i.e. ``(width % 8) == 0``) and no
+larger than 256 bits and the number of decimals must be no larger than 80.
+
+For example:
+
+- **fixed128x18** is signed, 128 bits wide and has 18 decimals; this is useful for most purposes
+- **fixed32x0** is signed, 32 bits wide and has 0 decimals; this would be the same as a ``int32_t`` in C
+- **ufixed32x0** is unsigned, 32 bits wide and has 0 decimals; this would be the same as a ``uint32_t`` in C
+- **fixed** is shorthand for ``fixed128x18``
+- **ufixed** is shorthand for ``ufixed128x18``
+
+_heading: Creating Instances
+
+_property: FixedFormat.from(value = "fixed128x18") => [[FixedFormat]]  @<FixedNumber-from> @SRC<bignumber/fixednumber:FixedFormat.from>
+
+Returns a new instance of a **FixedFormat** defined by //value//. Any valid [[FixedFormat--strings]]
+may be passed in as well as any object which has any of ``signed``, ``width`` and ``decimals``
+defined, including a [[FixedFormat]] object.
+
+_heading: Properties
+
+_property: fixedFormat.signed => boolean
+The signed-ness of //fixedFormat//, true if negative values are supported.
+
+_property: fixedFormat.width => number
+The width (in bits) of //fixedFormat//.
+
+_property: fixedFormat.decimals => number
+The number of decimal points of //fixedFormat//.
+
+_property: fixedFormat.name => string
+The name of the //fixedFormat//, which can be used to recreate the format
+and is the string that the Solidity language uses to represent this format.
+
+_definition: **//"fixed"//**
+A shorthand for ``fixed128x18``.
+
--- a/docs.wrm/api/utils/hashing.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/api/utils/hashing.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,383 @@
+_section: Hashing Algorithms @<hashing-algorithms>
+
+There are many hashing algorithms used throughout the blockchain
+space as well as some more complex usages which require utilities
+to facilitate these common operations.
+
+
+_subsection: Cryptographic Hash Functions @<cryptographic-hash-functions>
+
+The [Cryptographic Hash Functions](link-wiki-cryptographichash)
+are a specific family of hash functions.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.id(text) => string<[[DataHexString]]<32>>  @<utils-id> @SRC<hash>
+The Ethereum Identity function computes the [KECCAK256](link-wiki-sha3) hash of the //text// bytes.
+
+_property:  ethers.utils.keccak256(aBytesLike) => string<[[DataHexString]]<32>>  @<utils-keccak256> @SRC<keccak256>
+Returns the [KECCAK256](link-wiki-sha3) digest //aBytesLike//.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.ripemd160(aBytesLike) => string<[[DataHexString]]<20>>  @<utils-ripemd160> @SRC<sha2>
+Returns the [RIPEMD-160](link-wiki-ripemd) digest of //aBytesLike//.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.sha256(aBytesLike) => string<[[DataHexString]]<32>>  @<utils-sha256> @SRC<sha2:function.sha256>
+Returns the [SHA2-256](link-wiki-sha2) digest of //aBytesLike//.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.sha512(aBytesLike) => string<[[DataHexString]]<64>>  @<utils-sha512> @SRC<sha2:function.sha512>
+Returns the [SHA2-512](link-wiki-sha2) digest of //aBytesLike//.
+
+_code: KECCAK256 @lang<javascript>
+
+//_result:
+utils.keccak256([ 0x12, 0x34 ])
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+utils.keccak256("0x")
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+utils.keccak256("0x1234")
+//_log:
+
+// The value MUST be data, such as:
+//  - an Array of numbers
+//  - a data hex string (e.g. "0x1234")
+//  - a Uint8Array
+
+// Do NOT use UTF-8 strings that are not a DataHexstring
+//_throws:
+utils.keccak256("hello world")
+//_log:
+
+// If needed, convert strings to bytes first:
+//_result:
+utils.keccak256(utils.toUtf8Bytes("hello world"))
+//_log:
+
+// Or equivalently use the identity function:
+//_result:
+utils.id("hello world")
+//_log:
+
+// Keep in mind that the string "0x1234" represents TWO
+// bytes (i.e. [ 0x12, 0x34 ]. If you wish to compute the
+// hash of the 6 characters "0x1234", convert it to UTF-8
+// bytes first using utils.toUtf8Bytes.
+
+// Consider the following examples:
+
+// Hash of TWO (2) bytes:
+//_result:
+utils.keccak256("0x1234")
+//_log:
+
+// Hash of TWO (2) bytes: (same result)
+//_result:
+utils.keccak256([ 0x12, 0x34 ])
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+bytes = utils.toUtf8Bytes("0x1234")
+//_log:
+
+// Hash of SIX (6) characters (different than above)
+//_result:
+utils.keccak256(bytes)
+//_log:
+
+// Hash of SIX (6) characters (same result)
+//_result:
+utils.id("0x1234")
+//_log:
+
+_code: RIPEMD160  @lang<javascript>
+
+//_result:
+utils.ripemd160("0x")
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+utils.ripemd160("0x1234")
+//_log:
+
+_code: SHA-2  @lang<javascript>
+
+//_result:
+utils.sha256("0x")
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+utils.sha256("0x1234")
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+utils.sha512("0x")
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+utils.sha512("0x1234")
+//_log:
+
+
+_subsection: HMAC @<utils--hmac>
+
+_property: ethers.utils.computeHmac(algorithm, key, data) => string<[[DataHexString]]>  @<utils-computeHmac> @SRC<sha2>
+Returns the [HMAC](link-wiki-hmac) of //data// with //key//
+using the [Algorithm](utils--hmac-supported-algorithm) //algorithm//.
+
+_heading: **HMAC Supported Algorithms** @<utils--hmac-supported-algorithm> @SRC<sha2:enum.SupportedAlgorithm>
+
+_property: ethers.utils.SupportedAlgorithm.sha256 => string
+Use the [SHA2-256](link-wiki-sha2) hash algorithm.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.SupportedAlgorithm.sha512 => string
+Use the [SHA2-512](link-wiki-sha2) hash algorithm.
+
+_code: HMAC  @lang<javascript>
+
+const key = "0x0102"
+const data = "0x1234"
+//_result:
+utils.computeHmac("sha256", key, data)
+//_log:
+
+
+_subsection: Hashing Helpers @<utils--hashing-helpers>
+
+_property: ethers.utils.hashMessage(message) => string<[[DataHexString]]<32>>  @<utils-hashMessage> @SRC<hash>
+Computes the [[link-eip-191]] personal message digest of //message//. Personal messages are
+converted to UTF-8 bytes and prefixed with ``\\x19Ethereum Signed Message:``
+and the length of //message//.
+
+_code: Hashing Messages  @lang<javascript>
+
+// Hashing a string message
+//_result:
+utils.hashMessage("Hello World")
+//_log:
+
+// Hashing binary data (also "Hello World", but as bytes)
+//_result:
+utils.hashMessage( [ 72, 101, 108, 108, 111, 32, 87, 111, 114, 108, 100 ])
+//_log:
+
+// NOTE: It is important to understand how strings and binary
+//       data is handled differently. A string is ALWAYS processed
+//       as the bytes of the string, so a hexstring MUST be
+//       converted to an ArrayLike object first.
+
+// Hashing a hex string is the same as hashing a STRING
+// Note: this is the hash of the 4 characters [ '0', 'x', '4', '2' ]
+//_result:
+utils.hashMessage("0x42")
+//_log:
+
+// Hashing the binary data
+// Note: this is the hash of the 1 byte [ 0x42 ]
+//_result:
+utils.hashMessage([ 0x42 ])
+//_log:
+
+// Hashing the binary data
+// Note: similarly, this is the hash of the 1 byte [ 0x42 ]
+//_result:
+utils.hashMessage(utils.arrayify("0x42"))
+//_log:
+
+
+_property: ethers.utils.namehash(name) => string<[[DataHexString]]<32>>  @<utils-namehash> @SRC<hash>
+Returns the [ENS Namehash](link-namehash) of //name//.
+
+_code: Namehash  @lang<javascript>
+
+//_result:
+utils.namehash("")
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+utils.namehash("eth")
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+utils.namehash("ricmoo.firefly.eth")
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+utils.namehash("ricmoo.xyz")
+//_log:
+
+_heading: Typed Data Encoder @<TypedDataEncoder> @SRC<hash:class.TypedDataEncoder>
+
+The **TypedDataEncoder** is used to compute the various encoded data required
+for [[link-eip-712]] signed data.
+
+Signed data requires a domain, list of structures and their members and the data
+itself.
+
+The **domain** is an object with values for any of the standard domain
+properties.
+
+The **types** is an object with each property being the name of a structure, mapping
+to an array of field descriptions. It should **not** include the ``EIP712Domain``
+property unless it is required as a child structure of another.
+
+_note: Experimental Feature (this exported class name will change)
+This is still an experimental feature. If using it, please specify the **exact**
+version of ethers you are using (e.g. spcify ``"5.0.18"``, **not** ``"^5.0.18"``) as
+the exported class name will be renamed from ``_TypedDataEncoder`` to ``TypedDataEncoder`` once
+it has been used in the field a bit.
+
+_property: ethers.utils._TypedDataEncoder.from(types) => [TypedDataEncoder] @<TypedDataEncoder-from> @SRC<hash:TypedDataEncoder.from>
+
+Creates a new **TypedDataEncoder** for //types//. This object is a fairly
+low-level object that most developers should not require using instances
+directly.
+
+Most developers will find the static class methods below the most useful.
+
+_property: TypedDataEncoder.encode(domain, types, values) => string @<TypedDataEncoder-encode> @SRC<hash:staticmethod.TypedDataEncoder.encode>
+
+Encodes the Returns the hashed [[link-eip-712]] domain.
+
+_property: TypedDataEncoder.getPayload(domain, types, value) => any @<TypedDataEncoder-getPayload> @SRC<hash:TypedDataEncoder.getPayload>
+
+Returns the standard payload used by various JSON-RPC ``eth_signTypedData*``
+calls.
+
+All domain values and entries in value are normalized and the types are
+verified.
+
+_property: TypedDataEncoder.getPrimaryType(types) => string @<TypedDataEncoder-getPrimaryType> @SRC<hash:TypedDataEncoder.getPrimaryType>
+
+Constructs a directed acyclic graph of the types and returns the
+root type, which can be used as the **primaryType** for [[link-eip-712]]
+payloads.
+
+_property: TypedDataEncoder.hash(domain, types, values) => string<[[DataHexString]]<32>> @<TypedDataEncoder-hash> @SRC<hash:staticmethod.TypedDataEncoder.hash>
+
+Returns the computed [[link-eip-712]] hash.
+
+_property: TypedDataEncoder.hashDomain(domain) => string<[[DataHexString]]<32>> @<TypedDataEncoder-hashDomain> @SRC<hash:TypedDataEncoder.hashDomain>
+
+Returns the hashed [[link-eip-712]] domain.
+
+_property: TypedDataEncoder.resolveNames(domain, types, value, resolveName) => Promise<any> @<TypedDataEncoder-resolveNames> @SRC<hash:TypedDataEncoder.resolveNames>
+
+Returns a copy of value, where any leaf value with a type of ``address`` will have
+been recursively replacedwith the value of calling //resolveName// with that value.
+
+_code: Typed Data Example @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: TypedDataEncoder = ethers.utils._TypedDataEncoder
+
+domain = {
+    name: 'Ether Mail',
+    version: '1',
+    chainId: 1,
+    verifyingContract: '0xCcCCccccCCCCcCCCCCCcCcCccCcCCCcCcccccccC'
+};
+
+// The named list of all type definitions
+types = {
+    Person: [
+        { name: 'name', type: 'string' },
+        { name: 'wallet', type: 'address' }
+    ],
+    Mail: [
+        { name: 'from', type: 'Person' },
+        { name: 'to', type: 'Person' },
+        { name: 'contents', type: 'string' }
+    ]
+};
+
+// The data to sign
+value = {
+    from: {
+        name: 'Cow',
+        wallet: '0xCD2a3d9F938E13CD947Ec05AbC7FE734Df8DD826'
+    },
+    to: {
+        name: 'Bob',
+        wallet: '0xbBbBBBBbbBBBbbbBbbBbbbbBBbBbbbbBbBbbBBbB'
+    },
+    contents: 'Hello, Bob!'
+};
+
+//_result:
+TypedDataEncoder.encode(domain, types, value)
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+TypedDataEncoder.getPayload(domain, types, value)
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+TypedDataEncoder.getPrimaryType(types)
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+TypedDataEncoder.hash(domain, types, value)
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+TypedDataEncoder.hashDomain(domain)
+//_log:
+
+
+_subsection: Solidity Hashing Algorithms @<utils--solidity-hashing>
+
+When using the Solidity ``abi.encodePacked(...)`` function, a non-standard
+//tightly packed// version of encoding is used. These functions implement
+the tightly packing algorithm.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.solidityPack(types, values) => string<[[DataHexString]]>  @<utils-solidityPack> @SRC<solidity:pack>
+Returns the non-standard encoded //values// packed according to
+their respective type in //types//.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.solidityKeccak256(types, values) => string<[[DataHexString]]<32>>  @<utils-solidityKeccak256> @SRC<solidity:keccak256>
+Returns the [KECCAK256](link-wiki-sha3) of the non-standard encoded //values// packed
+according to their respective type in //types//.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.soliditySha256(types, values) => string<[[DataHexString]]<32>>  @<utils-soliditySha256> @SRC<solidity:sha256>
+Returns the [SHA2-256](link-wiki-sha2) of the non-standard encoded //values// packed
+according to their respective type in //types//.
+
+_code: Solidity Hashing  @lang<javascript>
+
+//_result:
+utils.solidityPack([ "int16", "uint48" ], [ -1, 12 ])
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+utils.solidityPack([ "string", "uint8" ], [ "Hello", 3 ])
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+utils.solidityKeccak256([ "int16", "uint48" ], [ -1, 12 ])
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+utils.soliditySha256([ "int16", "uint48" ], [ -1, 12 ])
+//_log:
+
+// As a short example of the non-distinguished nature of
+// Solidity tight-packing (which is why it is inappropriate
+// for many things from a security point of view), consider
+// the following examples are all equal, despite representing
+// very different values and layouts.
+
+//_result:
+utils.solidityPack([ "string", "string" ], [ "hello", "world01" ])
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+utils.solidityPack([ "string", "string" ], [ "helloworld", "01" ])
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+utils.solidityPack([ "string", "string", "uint16" ], [ "hell", "oworld", 0x3031 ])
+//_log:
+
+//_result:
+utils.solidityPack([ "uint96" ], [ "32309054545061485574011236401" ])
+//_log:
--- a/docs.wrm/api/utils/hdnode.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/api/utils/hdnode.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+_section: HD Wallet @<hdnodes>
+
+The Hierarchal Deterministic (HD) Wallet was a standard
+created for Bitcoin, but lends itself well to a wide variety of
+Blockchains which rely on secp256k1 private keys.
+
+For a more detailed technical understanding:
+
+- [BIP-32](link-bip-32) - the hierarchal deterministic description
+- [BIP-39](link-bip-39) - the method used to derive the BIP-32 seed
+  from human-readable sequences of words (i.e. a mnemonic)
+- [BIP-44](link-bip-44) - a standard defined to make BIP-32 easy
+  to adapt to any future compatible blockchain
+
+_subsection: Types
+
+_heading: Constants @<hdnodes--defaultpath> @SRC<hdnode:defaultPath>
+
+_property: ethers.utils.defaultPath => "m/44'/60'/0'/0/0"
+The default path for Ethereum in an HD Wallet
+
+
+_heading: Mnemonic @<Mnemonic>
+
+_property: mnemonic.phrase => string
+The mnemonic phrase for this mnemonic. It is 12, 15, 18, 21 or 24 words long
+and separated by the whitespace specified by the ``locale``.
+
+_property: mnemonic.path => string
+The HD path for this mnemonic.
+
+_property: mnemonic.locale => string
+The language of the wordlist this mnemonic is using.
+
+
+_subsection: HDNode @<HDNode> @SRC<hdnode:class.HDNode>
+
+_heading: Creating Instances @<HDNode--creating>
+
+_property: ethers.utils.HDNode.fromMnemonic(phrase [, password [, wordlist ] ]) => [[HDNode]]  @<HDNode-fromMnemonic> @SRC<hdnode>
+Return the [[HDNode]] for //phrase// with the optional //password//
+and //wordlist//.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.HDNode.fromSeed(aBytesLike) => [[HDNode]]  @<HDNode-fromSeed> @SRC<hdnode>
+Return the [[HDNode]] for the seed //aBytesLike//.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.HDNode.fromExtendedKey(extendedKey) => [[HDNode]]  @<HDNode-fromExtendedKey> @SRC<hdnode>
+Return the [[HDNode]] for the //extendedKey//. If //extendedKey// was
+neutered, the **HDNode** will only be able to compute addresses and not
+private keys.
+
+
+_heading: Properties  @<HDNode--properties>
+
+_property: hdNode.privateKey => string<[[DataHexString]]<32>>
+The private key for this HDNode.
+
+_property: hdNode.publicKey => string<[[DataHexString]]<33>>
+The (compresses) public key for this HDNode.
+
+_property: hdNode.fingerprint => string<[[DataHexString]]<4>>
+The fingerprint is meant as an index to quickly match parent and
+children nodes together, however collisions may occur and software
+should verify matching nodes.
+
+Most developers will not need to use this.
+
+_property: hdNode.parentFingerprint => string<[[DataHexString]]<4>>
+The fingerprint of the parent node. See //fingerprint// for more
+details.
+
+Most developers will not need to use this.
+
+_property: hdNode.address => string<[[address]]>
+The address of this HDNode.
+
+_property: hdNode.mnemonic => [[Mnemonic]]
+The mnemonic of this HDNode, if known.
+
+_property: hdNode.path => string
+The path of this HDNode, if known. If the //mnemonic// is also known,
+this will match ``mnemonic.path``.
+
+_property: hdNode.chainCode => string<[[DataHexString]]<32>>
+The chain code is used as a non-secret private key which is then used
+with EC-multiply to provide the ability to derive addresses without
+the private key of child non-hardened nodes.
+
+Most developers will not need to use this.
+
+_property: hdNode.index => number
+The index of this HDNode. This will match the last component of
+the //path//.
+
+Most developers will not need to use this.
+
+_property: hdNode.depth => number
+The depth of this HDNode. This will match the number of components
+(less one, the ``m/``) of the //path//.
+
+Most developers will not need to use this.
+
+_property: hdNode.extendedKey => string
+A serialized string representation of this HDNode. Not all properties
+are included in the serialization, such as the mnemonic and path, so
+serializing and deserializing (using the ``fromExtendedKey`` class
+method) will result in reduced information.
+
+
+_heading: Methods  @<HDNode--methods>
+
+_property: hdNode.neuter() => [[HDNode]]  @<HDNode-neuter> @SRC<hdnode>
+Return a new instance of //hdNode// with its private key removed
+but all other properties preserved. This ensures that the key
+can not leak the private key of itself or any derived children,
+but may still be used to compute the addresses of itself and
+any non-hardened children.
+
+_property: hdNode.derivePath(path) => [[HDNode]]  @<HDNode-derivePath> @SRC<hdnode>
+Return a new [[HDNode]] which is the child of //hdNode// found
+by deriving //path//.
+
+
+
+_subsection: Other Functions  @<HDNode--utilities>
+
+_property: ethers.utils.mnemonicToSeed(phrase [ , password]) => string<[[DataHexString]]<64>>  @<utils-mnemonicToSeed> @SRC<hdnode>
+Convert a mnemonic phrase to a seed, according to [BIP-39](link-bip-39).
+
+_property: ethers.utils.mnemonicToEntropy(phrase [ , wordlist ]) => string<[[DataHexString]]>  @<utils-mnemonicToEntropy> @SRC<hdnode>
+Convert a mnemonic phrase to its entropy, according to [BIP-39](link-bip-39).
+
+_property: ethers.utils.isValidMnemonic(phrase [ , wordlist ]) => boolean  @<utils-isValidMnemonic> @SRC<hdnode>
+Returns true if //phrase// is a valid mnemonic phrase, by
+testing the checksum.
--- a/docs.wrm/api/utils/index.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/api/utils/index.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+_section: Utilities
+
+These utilities are used extensively within the library, but
+are also quite useful for application developers.
+
+_toc:
+    abi
+    address
+    bignumber
+    bytes
+    constants
+    display-logic
+    encoding
+    fixednumber
+    hashing
+    hdnode
+    logger
+    properties
+    signing-key
+    strings
+    transactions
+    web
+    wordlists
--- a/docs.wrm/api/utils/logger.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/api/utils/logger.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+_section: Logging @<logging>
+
+These are just a few simple logging utilities provided to simplify
+and standardize the error facilities across the Ethers library.
+
+The [[Logger]] library has zero dependencies and is intentionally
+very light so it can be easily included in each library.
+
+The [Censorship](Logger--censorship) functionality relies on one instance
+of the Ethers library being included. In large bundled packages or when
+``npm link`` is used, this may not be the case. If you require this
+functionality, ensure that your bundling is configured properly.
+
+
+_subsection: Logger @<Logger> @SRC<logger:class.Logger>
+
+_property: new ethers.utils.Logger(version) @SRC<logger:constructor.Logger>
+Create a new logger which will include //version// in all errors thrown.
+
+_property: Logger.globalLogger() => [[Logger]] @SRC<logger>
+Returns the singleton global logger.
+
+
+_heading: Logging Output
+
+_property: logger.debug(...args) => void @SRC<logger>
+Log debugging information.
+
+_property: logger.info(...args) => void @SRC<logger>
+Log generic information.
+
+_property: logger.warn(...args) => void @SRC<logger>
+Log warnings.
+
+
+_heading: Errors
+
+These functions honor the current [Censorship](Logger--censorship) and help create
+a standard error model for detecting and processing errors within Ethers.
+
+_property: logger.makeError(message [ , code = UNKNOWN_ERROR [ , params ] ]) => Error @SRC<logger>
+Create an Error object with //message// and an optional //code// and
+additional //params// set. This is useful when an error is needed to be
+rejected instead of thrown.
+
+_property: logger.throwError(message [ , code = UNKNOWN_ERROR [ , params ] ]) => never @SRC<logger>
+Throw an Error with //message// and an optional //code// and
+additional //params// set.
+
+_property: logger.throwArgumentError(message, name, value) => never @SRC<logger>
+Throw an [INVALID_ARGUMENT](errors--invalid-argument) Error with //name// and //value//.
+
+_heading: Usage Validation
+
+There can be used to ensure various properties and actions are safe.
+
+_property: logger.checkAbstract(target, kind) => void @<Logger-checkAbstract> @SRC<logger>
+If //target// is //kind//, throws a [UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION](errors--unsupported-operation) error
+otherwise performs the same operations as [checkNew](Logger-checkNew).
+
+This is useful for ensuring abstract classes are not being instantiated.
+
+_property: logger.checkArgumentCount(count, expectedCount [ , message) => void @<Logger-checkArgumentCount> @SRC<logger>
+If //count// is not equal to //expectedCount//, throws a [MISSING_ARGUMENT](errors--missing-argument)
+or [UNEXPECTED_ARGUMENT](errors--unexpected-argument) error.
+
+_property: logger.checkNew(target, kind) => void @<Logger-checkNew> @SRC<logger>
+If //target// is not a valid ``this`` or ``target`` value, throw a
+[MISSING_NEW](errors--missing-new) error. This is useful to ensure
+callers of a Class are using ``new``.
+
+_property: logger.checkNormalize(message) => void @<Logger-checkNoralize> @SRC<logger>
+Check that the environment has a correctly functioning [[link-js-normalize]]. If not, a
+[UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION](errors--unsupported-operation) error is thrown.
+
+_property: logger.checkSafeUint53(value [, message ]) => void @<Logger-checkSafeUint53> @SRC<logger>
+If //value// is not safe as a [JavaScript number](link-wiki-ieee754), throws a
+[NUMERIC_FAULT](errors--numeric-fault) error.
+
+_heading: Censorship @<Logger--censorship>
+
+_property: Logger.setCensorship(censor [ , permanent = false ]) => void @<Logger-setCensorship> @SRC<logger>
+Set error censorship, optionally preventing errors from being uncensored.
+
+In production applications, this prevents any error from leaking information
+by masking the message and values of errors.
+
+This can impact debugging, making it substantially more difficult.
+
+_property: Logger.setLogLevel(logLevel) => void @<Logger-setLogLevel> @SRC<logger>
+Set the log level, to suppress logging output below a [particular log level](Logger-levels).
+
+
+_subsection: Errors @<errors>
+
+Every error in Ethers has a ``code`` value, which is a string that will
+match one of the following error codes.
+
+
+_heading: Generic Error Codes @<errors-generic>
+
+_property: Logger.errors.NOT_IMPLEMENTED @<errors--not-implemented>
+The operation is not implemented. This may occur when calling a method
+on a sub-class that has not fully implemented its abstract superclass.
+
+_property: Logger.errors.SERVER_ERROR @<errors--server-error>
+There was an error communicating with a server.
+
+This may occur for a number of reasons, for example:
+
+- a [CORS](link-cors) issue; this is quite often the problem and also the
+  hardest to diagnose and fix, so it is very beneficial to familiarize
+  yourself with CORS; some backends allow you configure your CORS, such as
+  the geth command-line or conifguration files or the INFURA and Alchemy
+  dashboards by specifing allowed Origins, methods, etc.
+- an SSL issue; for example, if you are trying to connect to a local node via
+  HTTP but are serving the content from a secure HTTPS website
+- a link issue; a firewall is preventing the traffic from reaching the server
+- a server issue; the server is down, or is returning 500 error codes
+- a backend DDoS mitigation proxy; for example, Etherscan operates behind a
+  Cloudflare proxy, which will block traffic if the request is sent via
+  specific User Agents or the client fingerprint is detected as a bot in some
+  cases
+
+_property: Logger.errors.TIMEOUT @<errors--timeout>
+A timeout occurred.
+
+_property: Logger.errors.UNKNOWN_ERROR @<errors--unknown-error>
+A generic unknown error.
+
+_property: Logger.errors.UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION @<errors--unsupported-operation>
+The operation is not supported.
+
+This can happen for a variety reasons, for example:
+
+- Some backends do not support certain operations; such as passing a blockTag
+  to an [[EtherscanProvider]] for [call](Provider-call)
+- A [[Contract]] object connected to [[Provider]] (instead of a [[Signer]]) cannot
+  [sign](Signer-signTransaction) or [send](Signer-sendTransaction) transactions
+- a [[Contract]] connected to a [[Signer]] without a [[Provider]] is write-only
+  and cannot estimate gas or execute static calls
+
+
+_heading: Safety Error Codes @<errors-safety>
+
+_property: Logger.errors.BUFFER_OVERRUN @<errors--buffer-overrun>
+The amount of data needed is more than the amount of data required,
+which would cause the data buffer to read past its end.
+
+This can occur if a contract erroneously returns invalid ABI-encoded
+data or RLP data is malformed.
+
+_property: Logger.errors.NUMERIC_FAULT @<errors--numeric-fault>
+There was an invalid operation done on numeric values.
+
+Common cases of this occur when there is [[link-wiki-overflow]],
+[[link-wiki-underflow]] in fixed numeric types or division by zero.
+
+
+_heading: Usage Error Codes @<errors-usage>
+
+_property: Logger.errors.INVALID_ARGUMENT @<errors--invalid-argument>
+The type or value of an argument is invalid. This will generally also
+include the ``name`` and ``value`` of the argument. Any function which
+accepts sensitive data (such as a private key) will include the string
+``"[\[REDACTED]\]"`` instead of the value passed in.
+
+_property: Logger.errors.MISSING_ARGUMENT @<errors--missing-argument>
+An expected parameter was not specified.
+
+_property: Logger.errors.MISSING_NEW @<errors--missing-new>
+An object is a Class, but is not being called with ``new``.
+
+_property: Logger.errors.UNEXPECTED_ARGUMENT @<errors--unexpected-argument>
+Too many parameters we passed into a function.
+
+
+_heading: Ethereum Error Codes @<errors-ethereum>
+
+_property: Logger.errors.CALL_EXCEPTION @<errors--call-exception>
+An attempt to call a blockchain contract (getter) resulted in a
+revert or other error, such as insufficient gas (out-of-gas) or an
+invalid opcode. This can also occur during gas estimation or if
+waiting for a [[providers-TransactionReceipt]] which failed during execution.
+
+Consult the contract to determine the cause, such as a failed condition
+in a ``require`` statement. The ``reason`` property may provide more
+context for the cause of this error.
+
+_property: Logger.errors.INSUFFICIENT_FUNDS @<errors--insufficient-funds>
+The account is attempting to make a transaction which costs more than is
+available.
+
+A sending account must have enough ether to pay for the value, the gas limit
+(at the gas price) as well as the intrinsic cost of data. The intrinsic cost
+of data is 4 gas for each zero byte and 68 gas for each non-zero byte, as well
+as 35000 gas if a transaction contains no ``to`` property and is therefore
+expected to create a new account.
+
+_property: Logger.errors.NETWORK_ERROR @<errors--network>
+An Ethereum network validation error, such as an invalid chain ID.
+
+_property: Logger.errors.NONCE_EXPIRED @<errors--nonce-expired>
+The nonce being specified has already been used in a mined transaction.
+
+_property: Logger.errors.REPLACEMENT_UNDERPRICED @<errors--replacement-underpriced>
+When replacing a transaction, by using a nonce which has already been sent to
+the network, but which has not been mined yet the new transaction must specify
+a higher gas price.
+
+This error occurs when the gas price is insufficient to //bribe// the transaction
+pool to prefer the new transaction over the old one. Generally, the new gas price
+should be about 50% + 1 wei more, so if a gas price of 10 gwei was used, the
+replacement should be 15.000000001 gwei. This is not enforced by the protocol, as
+it deals with unmined transactions, and can be configured by each node, however
+to ensure a transaction is propagated to a miner it is best practice to follow
+the defaults most nodes have enabled.
+
+_property: Logger.errors.TRANSACTION_REPLACED @<errors--transaction-replaced>
+When a transaction has been replaced by the user, by broadcasting a new transaction
+with the same nonce as an existing in-flight (unmined) transaction in the mempool,
+this error will occur while waiting if the transaction being waited for has become
+invalidated by that other transaction.
+
+This can happen for several reasons, but most commonly because the user has increased
+the gas price (which changes the transaction hash) to "speed up" a transaction or if
+a user has "cancelled" the transaction in their client. In either case this is
+usually accomplished by bribing the miners with a higher gas priced transaction.
+
+This error will have the additional properties, ``cancelled``, ``hash``, ``reason``,
+``receipt`` and ``replacement``.
+
+See the [[providers-TransactionResponse]] for the ``wait`` method for more details.
+
+_property: Logger.errors.UNPREDICTABLE_GAS_LIMIT @<errors--unpredicatable-gas-limit>
+When estimating the required amount of gas for a transaction, a node is queried for
+its best guess.
+
+If a node is unable (or unwilling) to predict the cost, this error occurs.
+
+The best remedy for this situation is to specify a gas limit in the transaction
+manually.
+
+This error can also indicate that the transaction is expected to fail regardless,
+if for example an account with no tokens is attempting to send a token.
+
+
+_subsection: Log Levels @<Logger-levels>
+
+_property: Logger.levels.DEBUG
+Log all output, including debugging information.
+
+_property: Logger.levels.INFO
+Only log output for informational, warnings and errors.
+
+_property: Logger.levels.WARNING
+Only log output for warnings and errors.
+
+_property: Logger.levels.ERROR
+Only log output for errors.
+
+_property: Logger.levels.OFF
+Do not output any logs.
--- a/docs.wrm/api/utils/properties.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/api/utils/properties.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+_section: Property Utilities
+
+This is a collection of utility functions used for handling
+properties in a platform-safe way.
+
+The next major version of ethers will no longer be compatible
+with ES3, so many of these will be removed in favor of the
+built-in options available in ES2015 and above.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.checkProperties(object, check) => void
+
+Checks that //object// only contains properties included
+in //check//, and throws [INVALID_ARGUMENT](errors--invalid-argument) if not.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.deepCopy(anObject) => any
+
+Creates a recursive copy of //anObject//. Frozen (i.e. and other known
+immutable) objects are copied by reference.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.defineReadOnly(anObject, name, value) => void
+
+Uses the ``Object.defineProperty`` method to set a read-only property
+on an object.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.getStatic(aConstructor, key) => any
+
+Recursively check for a static method //key// on an inheritance chain
+from //aConstructor// to all ancestors.
+
+This is used to mimic behaviour in other languages where ``this`` in
+a static method will also search ancestors.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.resolveProperties(anObject) => Promise<any> @<utils-resolveproperties> @SRC<properties>
+
+Retruns a Promise which resolves all child values on //anObject//.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.shallowCopy(anObject) => any
+
+Returns a shallow copy of //anObject//. This is the same as
+using ``Object.assign({ }, anObject)``.
--- a/docs.wrm/api/utils/signing-key.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/api/utils/signing-key.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+_section: Signing Key @<SigningKey>
+
+_property: new ethers.utils.SigningKey(privateKey)  @<SigningKey-constructor> @src<signing-key:constructor.SigningKey>
+Create a new SigningKey for //privateKey//.
+
+_property: signingKey.privateKey => string<[[DataHexString]]<32>>
+The private key for this Signing Key.
+
+_property: signingKey.publicKey => string<[[DataHexString]]<65>>
+The uncompressed public key for this Signing Key. It will always be
+65 bytes (130 nibbles) and begins with ``0x04``.
+
+_property: signingKey.compressedPublicKey => string<[[DataHexString]]<33>>
+The compressed public key for this Signing Key. It will always be
+33 bytes (66 nibbles) and begins with either ``0x02`` or ``0x03``.
+
+_property: signingKey.signDigest(digest) => [[Signature]]
+Sign the //digest// and return the signature.
+
+_property: signingKey.computeSharedSecret(otherKey) => string<[[DataHexString]]<32>>  @SRC<signing-key>
+Compute the ECDH shared secret with //otherKey//. The //otherKey// may be
+either a public key or a private key, but generally will be a public key from
+another party.
+
+It is best practice that each party computes the hash of this before using it
+as a symmetric key.
+
+_property: SigningKey.isSigningKey(anObject) => boolean  @SRC<signing-key>
+Returns true if //anObject// is a SigningKey.
+
+
+_subsection: Other Functions
+
+_property: ethers.utils.verifyMessage(message, signature) => string<[[address]]>  @<utils-verifyMessage> @SRC<wallet>
+Returns the address that signed //message// producing //signature//. The
+signature may have a non-canonical v (i.e. does not need to be 27 or 28),
+in which case it will be normalized to compute the `recoveryParam` which
+will then be used to compute the address; this allows systems which use
+the v to encode additional data (such as [EIP-155](link-eip-155))
+to be used since the v parameter is still completely non-ambiguous.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.verifyTypedData(domain, types, value, signature) => string<[[address]]>  @<utils-verifyTypedData> @SRC<wallet>
+Returns the address that signed the [[link-eip-712]] //value// for the //domain//
+and //types// to produce the signature.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.recoverPublicKey(digest, signature) => string<[[DataHexString]]<65>> @<utils-recoverPublicKey>
+Returns the uncompressed public key (i.e. the first byte will be ``0x04``)
+of the private key that was used to sign //digest// which gave the //signature//.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.computePublicKey(key [, compressed = false ]) => string<[[DataHexString]]> @<utils-computePublicKey>
+Computes the public key of //key//, optionally compressing it. The //key//
+can be any form of public key (compressed or uncompressed) or a private
+key.
--- a/docs.wrm/api/utils/strings.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/api/utils/strings.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+_section: Strings  @<strings>
+
+A **String** is a representation of a human-readable input of output,
+which are often taken for granted.
+
+When dealing with blockchains, properly handling human-readable and
+human-provided data is important to prevent loss of funds, assets,
+incorrect permissions, etc.
+
+_subsection: Bytes32String @<Bytes32String>
+
+A string in Solidity is length prefixed with its 256-bit (32 byte)
+length, which means that even short strings require 2 words (64 bytes)
+of storage.
+
+In many cases, we deal with short strings, so instead of prefixing
+the string with its length, we can null-terminate it and fit it in a
+single word (32 bytes). Since we need only a single byte for the
+null termination, we can store strings up to 31 bytes long in a
+word.
+
+_note: Note
+Strings that are 31 __//bytes//__ long may contain fewer than 31 __//characters//__,
+since UTF-8 requires multiple bytes to encode international characters.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.parseBytes32String(aBytesLike) => string  @<utils-parseBytes32> @SRC<strings>
+Returns the decoded string represented by the ``Bytes32`` encoded data.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.formatBytes32String(text) => string<[[DataHexString]]<32>>  @<utils-formatBytes32> @SRC<strings>
+Returns a ``bytes32`` string representation of //text//. If the
+length of //text// exceeds 31 bytes, it will throw an error.
+
+
+_subsection: UTF-8 Strings @<strings-utf8>
+
+_property: ethers.utils.toUtf8Bytes(text [ , form = current ] ) => Uint8Array  @<utils-toUtf8Bytes> @SRC<strings>
+Returns the UTF-8 bytes of //text//, optionally normalizing it using the
+[[strings--unicode-normalization-form]] //form//.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.toUtf8CodePoints(text [ , form = current ] ) => Array<number>  @<utils-toUtf8CodePoints> @SRC<strings>
+Returns the Array of codepoints of //text//, optionally normalized using the
+[[strings--unicode-normalization-form]] //form//.
+
+_note: Note
+This function correctly splits each **user-perceived character** into
+its codepoint, accounting for surrogate pairs. This should not be confused with
+``string.split("")``, which destroys surrogate pairs, splitting between each UTF-16
+codeunit instead.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.toUtf8String(aBytesLike [ , onError = error ] ) => string  @<utils-toUtf8String> @SRC<strings>
+Returns the string represented by the UTF-8 bytes of //aBytesLike//.
+
+The //onError// is a [Custom UTF-8 Error function](strings--error-handling) and if not specified
+it defaults to the [error](strings--Utf8Error) function, which throws an error
+on **any** UTF-8 error.
+
+_subsection: UnicodeNormalizationForm @<strings--unicode-normalization-form> @SRC<strings/utf8:enum.UnicodeNormalizationForm>
+
+There are several [commonly used forms](link-wiki-unicode-equivalence)
+when normalizing UTF-8 data, which allow strings to be compared or hashed in a stable
+way.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.UnicodeNormalizationForm.current
+Maintain the current normalization form.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.UnicodeNormalizationForm.NFC
+The Composed Normalization Form. This form uses single codepoints
+which represent the fully composed character.
+
+For example, the **&eacute;** is a single codepoint, ``0x00e9``.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.UnicodeNormalizationForm.NFD
+The Decomposed Normalization Form. This form uses multiple codepoints
+(when necessary) to compose a character.
+
+For example, the **&eacute;**
+is made up of two codepoints, ``"0x0065"`` (which is the letter ``"e"``)
+and ``"0x0301"`` which is a special diacritic UTF-8 codepoint which
+indicates the previous character should have an acute accent.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.UnicodeNormalizationForm.NFKC
+The Composed Normalization Form with Canonical Equivalence. The Canonical
+representation folds characters which have the same syntactic representation
+but different semantic meaning.
+
+For example, the Roman Numeral **I**, which has a UTF-8
+codepoint ``"0x2160"``, is folded into the capital letter I, ``"0x0049"``.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.UnicodeNormalizationForm.NFKD
+The Decomposed Normalization Form with Canonical Equivalence.
+See NFKC for more an example.
+
+_note: Note
+Only certain specified characters are folded in Canonical Equivalence, and thus
+it should **not** be considered a method to achieve //any// level of security from
+[homoglyph attacks](link-wiki-homoglyph).
+
+
+_subsection: Custom UTF-8 Error Handling @<strings--error-handling>
+
+When converting a string to its codepoints, there is the possibility
+of invalid byte sequences. Since certain situations may need specific
+ways to handle UTF-8 errors, a custom error handling function can be used,
+which has the signature:
+
+_property: errorFunction(reason, offset, bytes, output [ , badCodepoint ]) => number
+The //reason// is one of the [UTF-8 Error Reasons](strings--error-reasons), //offset// is the index
+into //bytes// where the error was first encountered, output is the list
+of codepoints already processed (and may be modified) and in certain Error
+Reasons, the //badCodepoint// indicates the currently computed codepoint,
+but which would be rejected because its value is invalid.
+
+This function should return the number of bytes to skip past keeping in
+mind the value at //offset// will already be consumed.
+
+
+_heading: UTF-8 Error Reasons @<strings--error-reasons> @SRC<strings/utf8:Utf8ErrorReason>
+
+_property: ethers.utils.Utf8ErrorReason.BAD_PREFIX
+A byte was encountered which is invalid to begin a UTF-8 byte
+sequence with.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.Utf8ErrorReason.MISSING_CONTINUE
+A UTF-8 sequence was begun, but did not have enough continuation
+bytes for the sequence. For this error the //ofset// is the index
+at which a continuation byte was expected.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.Utf8ErrorReason.OUT_OF_RANGE
+The computed codepoint is outside the range for valid UTF-8
+codepoints (i.e. the codepoint is greater than 0x10ffff).
+This reason will pass the computed //badCountpoint// into
+the custom error function.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.Utf8ErrorReason.OVERLONG
+Due to the way UTF-8 allows variable length byte sequences
+to be used, it is possible to have multiple representations
+of the same character, which means
+[overlong sequences](link-wiki-utf8-overlong)
+allow for a non-distinguished string to be formed, which can
+impact security as multiple strings that are otherwise
+equal can have different hashes.
+
+Generally, overlong sequences are an attempt to circumvent
+some part of security, but in rare cases may be produced by
+lazy libraries or used to encode the null terminating
+character in a way that is safe to include in a ``char*``.
+
+This reason will pass the computed //badCountpoint// into the
+custom error function, which is actually a valid codepoint, just
+one that was arrived at through unsafe methods.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.Utf8ErrorReason.OVERRUN
+The string does not have enough characters remaining for the
+length of this sequence.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.Utf8ErrorReason.UNEXPECTED_CONTINUE
+This error is similar to BAD_PREFIX, since a continuation byte
+cannot begin a valid sequence, but many may wish to process this
+differently. However, most developers would want to trap this
+and perform the same operation as a BAD_PREFIX.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.Utf8ErrorReason.UTF16_SURROGATE
+The computed codepoint represents a value reserved for
+UTF-16 surrogate pairs.
+This reason will pass the computed surrogate half
+//badCountpoint// into the custom error function.
+
+
+
+_heading: Provided UTF-8 Error Handling Functions
+
+There are already several functions available for the  most common
+situations.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.Utf8ErrorFuncs.error @<strings--Utf8Error> @SRC<strings/utf8:errorFunc>
+The will throw an error on **any** error with a UTF-8 sequence, including
+invalid prefix bytes, overlong sequences, UTF-16 surrogate pairs.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.Utf8ErrorFuncs.ignore @<strings--Utf8Ignore> @SRC<strings/utf8:ignoreFunc>
+This will drop all invalid sequences (by consuming invalid prefix bytes and
+any following continuation bytes) from the final string as well as permit
+overlong sequences to be converted to their equivalent string.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.Utf8ErrorFuncs.replace @<strings--Utf8Replace> @SRC<strings/utf8:replaceFunc>
+This will replace all invalid sequences (by consuming invalid prefix bytes and
+any following continuation bytes) with the
+[UTF-8 Replacement Character](link-wiki-utf8-replacement),
+(i.e. U+FFFD).
--- a/docs.wrm/api/utils/transactions.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/api/utils/transactions.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+_section: Transactions @<transactions>
+
+_subsection: Types @<transactions--types>
+
+_heading: UnsignedTransaction @<UnsignedTransaction>
+An unsigned transaction represents a transaction that has not been
+signed and its values are flexible as long as they are not ambiguous.
+
+_property: unsignedTransaction.to => string<[Address](address)>
+The address this transaction is to.
+
+_property: unsignedTransaction.nonce => number
+The nonce of this transaction.
+
+_property: unsignedTransaction.gasLimit => [[BigNumberish]]
+The gas limit for this transaction.
+
+_property: unsignedTransaction.gasPrice => [[BigNumberish]]
+The gas price for this transaction.
+
+_property: unsignedTransaction.maxFeePerGas => [[BigNumberish]]
+The maximum fee per unit of gas for this transaction.
+
+_property: unsignedTransaction.maxPriorityFeePerGas => [[BigNumberish]]
+The maximum priority fee per unit of gas for this transaction.
+
+_property: unsignedTransaction.data => [[BytesLike]]
+The data for this transaction.
+
+_property: unsignedTransaction.value => [[BigNumberish]]
+The value (in wei) for this transaction.
+
+_property: unsignedTransaction.chainId => number
+The chain ID for this transaction. If the chain ID is 0 or null,
+then [[link-eip-155]] is disabled and legacy signing is
+used, unless overridden in a signature.
+
+
+_heading: Transaction @<Transaction>
+A generic object to represent a transaction.
+
+_property: transaction.hash => string<[[DataHexString]]<32>>
+The transaction hash, which can be used as an identifier for
+//transaction//. This is the keccak256 of the serialized RLP encoded
+representation of //transaction//.
+
+_property: transaction.to => string<[Address](address)>
+The address //transaction// is to.
+
+_property: transaction.from => string<[Address](address)>
+The address //transaction// is from.
+
+_property: transaction.nonce => number
+The nonce for //transaction//. Each transaction sent to the network
+from an account includes this, which ensures the order and
+non-replayability of a transaction. This must be equal to the current
+number of transactions ever sent to the network by the **from** address.
+
+_property: transaction.gasLimit => [[BigNumber]]
+The gas limit for //transaction//. An account must have enough ether to
+cover the gas (at the specified **gasPrice**). Any unused gas is
+refunded at the end of the transaction, and if there is insufficient gas
+to complete execution, the effects of the transaction are reverted, but
+the gas is **fully consumed** and an out-of-gas error occurs.
+
+_property: transaction.gasPrice => null | [[BigNumber]]
+The price (in wei) per unit of gas for //transaction//.
+
+For [[link-eip-1559]] transactions, this will be null.
+
+_property: transaction.maxFeePerGas => [[BigNumber]]
+The maximum price (in wei) per unit of gas for //transaction//.
+
+For transactions that are not [[link-eip-1559]] transactions, this will be null.
+
+_property: transaction.maxPriorityFeePerGas => [[BigNumber]]
+The priority fee price (in wei) per unit of gas for //transaction//.
+
+For transactions that are not [[link-eip-1559]] transactions, this will be null.
+
+_property: transaction.data => [[BytesLike]]
+The data for //transaction//. In a contract this is the call data.
+
+_property: transaction.value => [[BigNumber]]
+The value (in wei) for //transaction//.
+
+_property: transaction.chainId => number
+The chain ID for //transaction//. This is used as part of
+[[link-eip-155]] to prevent replay attacks on different
+networks.
+
+For example, if a transaction was made on goerli with an account
+also used on homestead, it would be possible for a transaction
+signed on goerli to be executed on homestead, which is likely
+unintended.
+
+There are situations where replay may be desired, however these
+are very rare and it is almost always recommended to specify the
+chain ID.
+
+_property: transaction.r => string<[[DataHexString]]<32>>
+The r portion of the elliptic curve signatures for //transaction//.
+This is more accurately, the x coordinate of the point r (from
+which the y can be computed, along with v).
+
+_property: transaction.s => string<[[DataHexString]]<32>>
+The s portion of the elliptic curve signatures for //transaction//.
+
+_property: transaction.v => number
+The v portion of the elliptic curve signatures for //transaction//.
+This is used to refine which of the two possible points a given
+x-coordinate can have, and in [[link-eip-155]] is additionally
+used to encode the chain ID into the serialized transaction.
+
+
+_subsection: Functions  @<transactions--functions>
+
+_property: ethers.utils.accessListify(anAcceslistish) => [[providers-AccessList]]  @<utils-accessListify> @SRC<transactions:accessListify>
+Normalizes the [[providers-AccessListish]] //anAccessListish// into
+an [[providers-AccessList]].
+
+This is useful for other utility functions which wish to remain
+flexible as to the input parameter for access lists, such as
+when creating a [[Signer]] which needs to manipulate a possibly
+typed transaction envelope.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.parseTransaction(aBytesLike) => [[Transaction]]  @<utils-parseTransaction> @SRC<transactions:parse>
+Parses the transaction properties from a serialized transaction.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.serializeTransaction(tx [ , signature ]) => string<[[DataHexString]]>  @<utils-serializeTransaction> @SRC<transactions:serialize>
+Computes the serialized //transaction//, optionally serialized with
+the a //signature//. If //signature// is not present, the unsigned
+serialized transaction is returned, which can be used to compute the
+hash necessary to sign.
+
+This function uses [[link-eip-155]] if a chainId is provided,
+otherwise legacy serialization is used. It is **highly** recommended
+to always specify a //chainId//.
+
+If //signature// includes a chain ID (explicitly or implicitly by using an
+[[link-eip-155]] ``v`` or ``_vs``) it will be used to compute the
+chain ID.
+
+If there is a mismatch between the chain ID of //transaction// and //signature//
+an error is thrown.
--- a/docs.wrm/api/utils/web.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/api/utils/web.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+_section: Web Utilities  @<web>
+
+
+_property: ethers.utils.fetchJson(urlOrConnectionInfo [, json [ , processFunc ] ]) => Promise<any> @<utils-fetchJson>
+Fetch and parse the JSON content from //urlOrConnectionInfo//, with the
+optional body //json// and optionally processing the result with //processFun//
+before returning it.
+
+_property: ethers.utils.poll(pollFunc [, options ]) => Promise<any> @<utils-poll>
+Repeatedly call pollFunc using the [[PollOptions]] until it returns a
+value other than undefined.
+
+
+_heading: ConnectionInfo @<ConnectionInfo>
+
+_property: connection.url => string
+The URL to connect to.
+
+_property: connection.user => string
+The username to use for [[link-wiki-basicauth]].
+The default is null (i.e. do not use basic authentication)
+
+_property: connection.password => string
+The password to use for [[link-wiki-basicauth]].
+The default is null (i.e. do not use basic authentication)
+
+_property: connection.allowInsecureAuthentication => boolean
+Allow [[link-wiki-basicauth]] over non-secure HTTP. The default is false.
+
+_property: connection.timeout => number
+How long to wait (in ms) before rejecting with a //timeout// error. (default: ``120000``).
+
+_property: connection.headers => { [ key: string]: string }
+Additional headers to include in the connection.
+
+_property: connection.skipFetchSetup => boolean
+Normally a connection will specify the default values for a connection
+such as CORS-behavior and caching policy, to ensure compatibility across
+platforms. On some services, such as Cloudflare Workers, specifying any
+value (inclluding the default values) will cause failure. Setting this
+to true will prevent any values being passed to the underlying API.
+
+_property: connection.errorPassThrough => boolean
+If false, any server error is thrown as a SERVER_ERROR, otherwise a
+the processFunc is called with response including the error status intact. (default: ``false``)
+
+_property: connection.allowGzip => boolean
+Allow Gzip responses. (default: ``false``)
+
+_property: connection.throttleLimit => number
+How many times to retry in the event of a 429 status code.
+
+_property: connection.throttleSlotInterval => number
+The exponential back-off slot delay (i.e. omega), creating a staggered, increasing random delay on retries.
+
+_property: connection.throttleCallback => Promise<boolean>
+Callback that allows application level hints to retry (within the throttleLimit) or quick fail.
+
+
+_heading: PollOptions @<PollOptions>
+
+_property: options.timeout => number
+The amount of time (in ms) allowed to elapse before triggering a timeout
+error.
+
+_property: options.floor => number
+The minimum time limit to allow for [[link-wiki-backoff]].
+
+The default is 0s.
+
+_property: options.ceiling => number
+The maximum time limit to allow for [[link-wiki-backoff]].
+
+The default is 10s.
+
+_property: options.interval => number
+The interval used during [[link-wiki-backoff]] calculation.
+
+The default is 250ms.
+
+_property: options.retryLimit => number
+The number of times to retry in the event of an error or //undefined// is
+returned.
+
+_property: options.onceBlock => [[Provider]]
+If this is specified, the polling will wait on new blocks from
+//provider// before attempting the //pollFunc// again.
+
+_property: options.oncePoll => [[Provider]]
+If this is specified, the polling will occur on each poll
+cycle of //provider// before attempting the //pollFunc//
+again.
--- a/docs.wrm/api/utils/wordlists.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/api/utils/wordlists.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+_section: Wordlists @<wordlists>
+
+_subsection: Wordlist @<Wordlist>
+
+_property: wordlist.locale => string
+The locale for this wordlist.
+
+_property: wordlist.getWord(index) => string
+Returns the word at //index//.
+
+_property: wordlist.getWordIndex(word) => number
+Returns the index of //word// within the wordlist.
+
+_property: wordlist.split(mnemonic) => Array<string>
+Returns the mnemonic split into each individual word, according to a
+locale's valid whitespace character set.
+
+_property: wordlist.join(words) => string
+Returns the mnemonic by joining //words// together using the
+whitespace that is standard for the locale.
+
+_property: Wordlist.check(wordlists) => string<[[DataHexString]]<32>>
+Checks that all words map both directions correctly and return the
+hash of the lists. Sub-classes should use this to validate the wordlist
+is correct against the official wordlist hash.
+
+_property: Wordlist.register(wordlist [ , name ]) => void
+Register a wordlist with the list of wordlists, optionally overriding
+the registered //name//.
+
+_subsection: Languages @<wordlists--languages>
+
+The [official wordlists](link-bip39-wordlists) available at
+`ethers.wordlists`. In the browser, only the english language is
+available by default; to include the others (which increases the
+size of the library), see the dist files in the `ethers` package.
+
+_property: ethers.wordlists.cz => Wordlist
+The Czech [[Wordlist]].
+
+_property: ethers.wordlists.en => Wordlist
+The English [[Wordlist]].
+
+_property: ethers.wordlists.es => Wordlist
+The Spanish [[Wordlist]].
+
+_property: ethers.wordlists.fr => Wordlist
+The French [[Wordlist]].
+
+_property: ethers.wordlists.it => Wordlist
+The Italian [[Wordlist]].
+
+_property: ethers.wordlists.ja => Wordlist
+The Japanese [[Wordlist]].
+
+_property: ethers.wordlists.ko => Wordlist
+The Korean [[Wordlist]].
+
+_property: ethers.wordlists.zh_cn => Wordlist
+The Simplified Chinese [[Wordlist]].
+
+_property: ethers.wordlists.zh_tw => Wordlist
+The Traditional Chinese [[Wordlist]].
--- a/docs.wrm/basics/abi.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/basics/abi.wrm
@ -1,97 +0,0 @@
-_section: Application Binary Interfaces  @<docs-abi>
-
-When interacting with any application, whether it is on Ethereum,
-over the internet or within a compiled application on a computer
-all information is stored and sent as binary data which is just a
-sequence of bytes.
-
-So every application must agree on how to encode and decode their
-information as a sequence of bytes.
-
-An **Application Binary Interface** (ABI) provides a way to describe
-the encoding and decoding process, in a generic way so that a variety
-of types and structures of types can be defined.
-
-For example, a string is often encoded as a UTF-8 sequence of bytes,
-which uses specific bits within sub-sequences to indicate emoji and
-other special characters. Every implementation of UTF-8 must understand
-and operate under the same rules so that strings work universally. In
-this way, UTF-8 standard is itself an ABI.
-
-When interacting with Ethereum, a contract received a sequence of bytes
-as input (provided by sending a transaction or through a call) and
-returns a result as a sequence of bytes. So, each Contract has its own
-ABI that helps specify how to encode the input and how to decode the output.
-
-It is up to the contract developer to make this ABI available. Many
-Contracts implement a standard (such as ERC-20), in which case the
-ABI for that standard can be used. Many developers choose to verify their
-source code on Etherscan, in which case Etherscan computes the ABI and
-provides it through their website (which can be fetched using the ``getContract``
-method). Otherwise, beyond reverse engineering the Contract there is
-not a meaningful way to extract the contract ABI.
-
-_subsection: Call Data Representation
-
-When calling a Contract on Ethereum, the input data must be encoded
-according to the ABI.
-
-The first 4 bytes of the data are the **method selector**, which is
-the keccak256 hash of the normalized method signature.
-
-Then the method parameters are encoded and concatenated to the selector.
-
-All encoded data is made up of components padded to 32 bytes, so the length
-of input data will always be congruent to ``4 mod 32``.
-
-The result of a successful call will be encoded values, whose components
-are padded to 32 bytes each as well, so the length of a result will always
-be congruent to ``0 mod 32``, on success.
-
-The result of a reverted call will contain the **error selector** as the
-first 4 bytes, which is the keccak256 of the normalized error signature,
-followed by the encoded values, whose components are padded to 32 bytes
-each, so the length of a revert will be congruent to ``4 mod 32``.
-
-The one exception to all this is that ``revert(false)`` will return a
-result or ``0x``.
-
-
-_subsection: Event Data Representation
-
-When an Event is emitted from a contract, there are two places data is
-logged in a Log: the **topics** and the **data**.
-
-An additonal fee is paid for each **topic**, but this affords a topic
-to be indexed in a bloom filter within the block, which allows efficient
-filtering.
-
-The **topic hash** is always the first topic in a Log, which is the
-keccak256 of the normalized event signature. This allows a specific
-event to be efficiently filtered, finding the matching events in a block.
-
-Each additional **indexed** parameter (i.e. parameters marked with
-``indexed`` in the signautre) are placed in the topics as well, but may be
-filtered to find matching values.
-
-All non-indexed parameters are encoded and placed in the **data**. This
-is cheaper and more compact, but does not allow filtering on these values.
-
-For example, the event ``Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint value)``
-would require 3 topics, which are the topic hash, the ``from`` address
-and the ``to`` address and the data would contain 32 bytes, which is
-the padded big-endian representation of ``value``. This allows for
-efficient filtering by the event (i.e. ``Transfer``) as well as the ``from``
-address and ``to`` address.
-
-
-_subsection: Deployment
-
-When deploying a transaction, the data provided is treated as **initcode**,
-which executes the data as normal EVM bytecode, which returns a sequence
-of bytes, but instead of that sequence of bytes being treated as data that
-result is instead the bytecode to install as the bytecode of the contract.
-
-The bytecode produced by Solidity is designed to have all constructor
-parameters encoded normally and concatenated to the bytecode and provided
-as the ``data`` to a transaction with no ``to`` address.
--- a/docs.wrm/basics/index.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/basics/index.wrm
@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-_section: Ethereum Basics @<docs-basics> @priority<99>
-
-This section aims to cover some of the basics for those interested
-in a deeper understanding of the inner-workings of Ethereum.
-
-_subsection: Topics
-
- [Application Binary Interface](docs-abi)
--- a/docs.wrm/cli/asm.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/cli/asm.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+_section: Assembler @<cli-asm>
+
+The assembler Command-Line utility allows you to assemble the
+[Ethers ASM Dialect](asm-dialect) into deployable EVM bytecode
+and disassemble EVM bytecode into human-readable mnemonics.
+
+
+_subsection: Help
+
+_code: @lang<text>
+
+Usage:
+   ethers-asm [ FILENAME ] [ OPTIONS ]
+
+OPTIONS
+  --define KEY=VALUE          provide assembler defines
+  --disassemble               Disassemble input bytecode
+  --ignore-warnings           Ignore warnings
+  --pic                       generate position independent code
+  --target LABEL              output LABEL bytecode (default: _)
+
+OTHER OPTIONS
+  --debug                     Show stack traces for errors
+  --help                      Show this usage and exit
+  --version                   Show this version and exit
+
+
+_subsection: Example Input Files
+
+_code: SimpleStore.asm  @lang<asm>
+
+; SimpleStore (uint)
+
+; Set the initial value of 42
+sstore(0, 42)
+
+; Init code to deploy myContract
+codecopy(0, $myContract, #myContract)
+return(0, #myContract)
+
+@myContract {
+    ; Non-payable
+    jumpi($error, callvalue)
+
+    ; Get the Sighash
+    shr({{= 256 - 32 }}, calldataload(0))
+
+    ; getValue()
+    dup1
+    {{= sighash("getValue()") }}
+    jumpi($getValue, eq)
+
+    ; setValue(uint)
+    dup1
+    {{= sighash("setValue(uint)") }}
+    jumpi($setValue, eq)
+
+    ; No matching signature
+    @error:
+        revert(0, 0)
+
+    @getValue:
+        mstore(0, sload(0))
+        return (0, 32)
+
+    @setValue:
+        ; Make sure we have exactly a uint
+        jumpi($error, iszero(eq(calldatasize, 36)))
+
+        ; Store the value
+        sstore(0, calldataload(4))
+        return (0, 0)
+
+    ; There is no *need* for the PUSH32, it just makes
+    ; decompiled code look nicer
+    @checksum[
+        {{= (defines.checksum ? concat([
+                Opcode.from("PUSH32"),
+                id(myContract.source)
+            ]): "0x")
+        }}
+    ]
+}
+
+
+_code: SimpleStore.bin  @lang<text>
+
+0x602a6000556044601160003960446000f334601e5760003560e01c8063209652
+0x5514602457806355241077146030575b60006000fd5b60005460005260206000
+0xf35b6024361415601e5760043560005560006000f3
+
+
+_note: Note: Bytecode File Syntax
+A bin file may be made up of multiple blocks of bytecode, each may
+optionally begin with a ``0x`` prefix, all of which **must** be of
+even length (since bytes are required, with 2 nibbles per byte)
+
+All whitespace is ignored.
+
+_subsection: Assembler Examples
+
+The assembler converts an [Ethers ASM Dialect](asm-dialect) into
+bytecode by running multiple passes of an assemble stage, each pass
+more closely approximating the final result.
+
+This allows small portions of the bytecode to be massaged and tweaked
+until the bytecode stabilizes. This allows for more compact jump
+destinations and for code to include more advanced meta-programming
+techniques.
+
+_code: @lang<shell>
+
+/home/ethers> ethers-asm SimpleStore.asm
+0x602a6000556044601160003960446000f334601e5760003560e01c80632096525514602457806355241077146030575b60006000fd5b60005460005260206000f35b6024361415601e5760043560005560006000f3
+
+# Piping in ASM source code
+/home/ethers> cat SimpleStore.asm | ethers-asm
+# Same as above
+
+# Setting a define which the ASM file checks and adds a checksum
+/home/ethers> ethers-asm --define checksum SimpleStore.asm
+0x602a6000556065601160003960656000f334601e5760003560e01c80632096525514602457806355241077146030575b60006000fd5b60005460005260206000f35b6024361415601e5760043560005560006000f37f10358310d664c9aeb4bf4ce7a10a6a03176bd23194c8ccbd3160a6dac90774d6
+
+
+_heading: Options
+
+_definition: **-\-define KEY=VALUE** //or// **-\-define FLAG**
+This allows key/value pairs (where the value is a string) and
+flags (which the value is ``true``) to be passed along to the
+assembler, which can be accessed in
+[Scripting Blocks](asm-dialect-scripting), such as ``{{= defined.someKey }}``.
+
+_definition: **-\-ignore-warnings**
+By default any warning will be treated like an error. This enabled
+by-passing warnings.
+
+_definition: **-\-pic**
+When a program is assembled, the labels are usually given as an
+absolute byte position, which can be jumped to for loops and
+control flow. This means that a program must be installed at a specific
+location.
+
+Byt specifying the **Position Independent Code** flag, code
+will be generated in a way such that all offsets are relative, allowing
+the program to be moved without any impact to its logic.
+
+This does incur an additional gas cost of 8 gas per offset access though.
+
+_definition: **-\-target LABEL**
+All programs have a root scope named ``_`` which is by default
+assembled. This option allows another labelled target (either a
+[[asm-dialect-scope]] or a [[asm-dialect-datasegment]] to be
+assembled instead. The entire program is still assembled per usual,
+so this only impacts which part of the program is output.
+
+_subsection: Disassembler Examples
+
+A disassembled program shows offsets and mnemonics for the given
+bytecode. This format may change in the future to be more
+human-readable.
+
+_code: @lang<shell>
+
+/home/ethers> ethers-asm --disassemble SimpleStore.bin
+0000 : 0x2a                                                               ; #1
+0002 : 0x00                                                               ; #1
+0004 : SSTORE
+0005 : 0x44                                                               ; #1
+0007 : 0x11                                                               ; #1
+0009 : 0x00                                                               ; #1
+000b : CODECOPY
+000c : 0x44                                                               ; #1
+000e : 0x00                                                               ; #1
+0010 : RETURN
+0011 : CALLVALUE
+0012 : 0x1e                                                               ; #1
+0014 : JUMPI
+0015 : 0x00                                                               ; #1
+0017 : CALLDATALOAD
+0018 : 0xe0                                                               ; #1
+001a : SHR
+001b : DUP1
+001c : 0x20965255                                                         ; #4
+0021 : EQ
+0022 : 0x24                                                               ; #1
+0024 : JUMPI
+0025 : DUP1
+0026 : 0x55241077                                                         ; #4
+002b : EQ
+002c : 0x30                                                               ; #1
+002e : JUMPI
+002f*: JUMPDEST
+0030 : 0x00                                                               ; #1
+0032 : 0x00                                                               ; #1
+0034 : REVERT
+0035*: JUMPDEST
+0036 : 0x00                                                               ; #1
+0038 : SLOAD
+0039 : 0x00                                                               ; #1
+003b : MSTORE
+003c : 0x20                                                               ; #1
+003e : 0x00                                                               ; #1
+0040 : RETURN
+0041*: JUMPDEST
+0042 : 0x24                                                               ; #1
+0044 : CALLDATASIZE
+0045 : EQ
+0046 : ISZERO
+0047 : 0x1e                                                               ; #1
+0049 : JUMPI
+004a : 0x04                                                               ; #1
+004c : CALLDATALOAD
+004d : 0x00                                                               ; #1
+004f : SSTORE
+0050 : 0x00                                                               ; #1
+0052 : 0x00                                                               ; #1
+0054 : RETURN
+
+/home/ethers> cat SimpleStore.bin | ethers-asm --disassemble
+# Same as above
--- a/docs.wrm/cli/ens.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/cli/ens.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+_section: Ethereum Naming Service @NAV<ENS>
+
+_subsection: Help
+
+_code: @lang<text>
+
+Usage:
+   ethers-ens COMMAND [ ARGS ] [ OPTIONS ]
+
+COMMANDS
+   lookup [ NAME | ADDRESS [ ... ] ]
+                              Lookup a name or address
+   commit NAME                Submit a pre-commitment
+      [ --duration DAYS ]        Register duration (default: 365 days)
+      [ --salt SALT ]            SALT to blind the commit with
+      [ --secret SECRET ]        Use id(SECRET) as the salt
+      [ --owner OWNER ]          The target owner (default: current account)
+   reveal NAME                Reveal a previous pre-commitment
+      [ --duration DAYS ]        Register duration (default: 365 days)
+      [ --salt SALT ]            SALT to blind the commit with
+      [ --secret SECRET ]        Use id(SECRET) as the salt
+      [ --owner OWNER ]          The target owner (default: current account)
+   set-controller NAME        Set the controller (default: current account)
+      [ --address ADDRESS ]      Specify another address
+   set-subnode NAME           Set a subnode owner (default: current account)
+      [ --address ADDRESS ]      Specify another address
+   set-resolver NAME          Set the resolver (default: resolver.eth)
+      [ --address ADDRESS ]      Specify another address
+   set-addr NAME              Set the addr record (default: current account)
+      [ --address ADDRESS ]      Specify another address
+   set-text NAME KEY VALUE    Set a text record
+   set-email NAME EMAIL       Set the email text record
+   set-website NAME URL       Set the website text record
+   set-content NAME HASH      Set the IPFS Content Hash
+   migrate-registrar NAME     Migrate from the Legacy to the Permanent Registrar
+   transfer NAME NEW_OWNER    Transfer registrant ownership
+   reclaim NAME               Reset the controller by the registrant
+      [ --address ADDRESS ]      Specify another address
+
+ACCOUNT OPTIONS
+  --account FILENAME          Load from a file (JSON, RAW or mnemonic)
+  --account RAW_KEY           Use a private key (insecure *)
+  --account 'MNEMONIC'        Use a mnemonic (insecure *)
+  --account -                 Use secure entry for a raw key or mnemonic
+  --account-void ADDRESS      Use an address as a void signer
+  --account-void ENS_NAME     Add the resolved address as a void signer
+  --account-rpc ADDRESS       Add the address from a JSON-RPC provider
+  --account-rpc INDEX         Add the index from a JSON-RPC provider
+  --mnemonic-password         Prompt for a password for mnemonics
+  --xxx-mnemonic-password     Prompt for a (experimental) hard password
+
+PROVIDER OPTIONS (default: all + homestead)
+  --alchemy                   Include Alchemy
+  --etherscan                 Include Etherscan
+  --infura                    Include INFURA
+  --nodesmith                 Include nodesmith
+  --rpc URL                   Include a custom JSON-RPC
+  --offline                   Dump signed transactions (no send)
+  --network NETWORK           Network to connect to (default: homestead)
+
+TRANSACTION OPTIONS (default: query network)
+  --gasPrice GWEI             Default gas price for transactions(in wei)
+  --gasLimit GAS              Default gas limit for transactions
+  --nonce NONCE               Initial nonce for the first transaction
+  --yes                       Always accept Signing and Sending
+
+OTHER OPTIONS
+  --wait                      Wait until transactions are mined
+  --debug                     Show stack traces for errors
+  --help                      Show this usage and exit
+  --version                   Show this version and exit
+
+(*) By including mnemonics or private keys on the command line they are
+    possibly readable by other users on your system and may get stored in
+    your bash history file. This is NOT recommended.
+
+
+_subsection: Examples
+
+TODO examples
+
+
--- a/docs.wrm/cli/ethers.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/cli/ethers.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+_section: Sandbox Utility
+
+The sandbox utility provides a simple way to use the most common
+ethers utilities required during learning, debugging and managing
+interactions with the Ethereum network.
+
+If no command is given, it will enter a REPL interface with many
+of the ethers utilities already exposed.
+
+_subsection: Help
+
+_code: @lang<text>
+Usage:
+   ethers [ COMMAND ] [ ARGS ] [ OPTIONS ]
+
+COMMANDS (default: sandbox)
+   sandbox                    Run a REPL VM environment with ethers
+   init FILENAME              Create a new JSON wallet
+      [ --force ]                Overwrite any existing files
+   fund TARGET                Fund TARGET with testnet ether
+   info [ TARGET ... ]        Dump info for accounts, addresses and ENS names
+   send TARGET ETHER          Send ETHER ether to TARGET form accounts[0]
+      [ --allow-zero ]           Allow sending to the address zero
+      [ --data DATA ]            Include data in the transaction
+   sweep TARGET               Send all ether from accounts[0] to TARGET
+   sign-message MESSAGE       Sign a MESSAGE with accounts[0]
+      [ --hex ]                  The message content is hex encoded
+   eval CODE                  Run CODE in a VM with ethers
+   run FILENAME               Run FILENAME in a VM with ethers
+   wait HASH                  Wait for a transaction HASH to be mined
+   wrap-ether VALUE           Deposit VALUE into Wrapped Ether (WETH)
+   unwrap-ether VALUE         Withdraw VALUE from Wrapped Ether (WETH)
+   send-token TOKEN ADDRESS VALUE
+                              Send VALUE tokens (at TOKEN) to ADDRESS
+   compile FILENAME           Compiles a Solidity contract
+      [ --no-optimize ]          Do not optimize the compiled output
+      [ --warnings ]             Error on any warning
+   deploy FILENAME            Compile and deploy a Solidity contract
+      [ --no-optimize ]          Do not optimize the compiled output
+      [ --contract NAME ]        Specify the contract to deploy
+
+ACCOUNT OPTIONS
+  --account FILENAME          Load from a file (JSON, RAW or mnemonic)
+  --account RAW_KEY           Use a private key (insecure *)
+  --account 'MNEMONIC'        Use a mnemonic (insecure *)
+  --account -                 Use secure entry for a raw key or mnemonic
+  --account-void ADDRESS      Use an address as a void signer
+  --account-void ENS_NAME     Add the resolved address as a void signer
+  --account-rpc ADDRESS       Add the address from a JSON-RPC provider
+  --account-rpc INDEX         Add the index from a JSON-RPC provider
+  --mnemonic-password         Prompt for a password for mnemonics
+  --xxx-mnemonic-password     Prompt for a (experimental) hard password
+
+PROVIDER OPTIONS (default: all + homestead)
+  --alchemy                   Include Alchemy
+  --etherscan                 Include Etherscan
+  --infura                    Include INFURA
+  --nodesmith                 Include nodesmith
+  --rpc URL                   Include a custom JSON-RPC
+  --offline                   Dump signed transactions (no send)
+  --network NETWORK           Network to connect to (default: homestead)
+
+TRANSACTION OPTIONS (default: query network)
+  --gasPrice GWEI             Default gas price for transactions(in wei)
+  --gasLimit GAS              Default gas limit for transactions
+  --nonce NONCE               Initial nonce for the first transaction
+  --yes                       Always accept Signing and Sending
+
+OTHER OPTIONS
+  --wait                      Wait until transactions are mined
+  --debug                     Show stack traces for errors
+  --help                      Show this usage and exit
+  --version                   Show this version and exit
+
+(*) By including mnemonics or private keys on the command line they are
+    possibly readable by other users on your system and may get stored in
+    your bash history file. This is NOT recommended.
+
+_subsection: Examples
+
+_code: Creating New Wallets @lang<shell> @<cliex-init>
+
+/home/ethers> ethers init wallet.json
+Creating a new JSON Wallet - wallet.json
+Keep this password and file SAFE!! If lost or forgotten
+it CANNOT be recovered, by ANYone, EVER.
+Choose a password: ******
+Confirm password: ******
+Encrypting... 100%
+New account address: 0x485bcC23ae2E5038ec7ec9b8DCB2A6A6291cC003
+Saved:               wallet.json
+
+
+# If you are planning to try out the Goerli testnet...
+/home/ethers> ethers --network goerli fund 0x485bcC23ae2E5038ec7ec9b8DCB2A6A6291cC003
+Transaction Hash: 0x8dc55b8f8dc8076acded97f9e3ed7d6162460c0221e2769806006b6d7d1156e0
+
+
+_code: Sending Ether and Tokens  @<cliex-send> @lang<shell>
+
+# Sending ether
+/home/ricmoo> ethers --account wallet.json send ricmoo.firefly.eth 0.123
+Password (wallet.json): ******
+Decrypting... 100%
+Transaction:
+  To:         0x8ba1f109551bD432803012645Ac136ddd64DBA72
+  From:       0xaB7C8803962c0f2F5BBBe3FA8bf41cd82AA1923C
+  Value:      0.123 ether
+  Nonce:      96
+  Data:       0x
+  Gas Limit:  21000
+  Gas Price:  1.2 gwei
+  Chain ID:   1
+  Network:    homestead
+Send Transaction? (y/N/a) y
+Response:
+  Hash:  0xc4adf8b379033d7ab679d199aa35e6ceee9a802ca5ab0656af067e911c4a589a
+
+
+# Sending a token (SAI)
+# NOTE: the contract address could be used instead but
+#       popular token contract addresses are also managed
+#       by ethers
+/home/ricmoo> ethers --account wallet.json send-token sai.tokens.ethers.eth ricmoo.firefly.eth 1.0
+Sending Tokens:
+  To:              0x8ba1f109551bD432803012645Ac136ddd64DBA72
+  Token Contract:  0x89d24A6b4CcB1B6fAA2625fE562bDD9a23260359
+  Value:           1.0
+Password (wallet.json): ******
+Decrypting... 100%
+Transaction:
+  To:         0x89d24A6b4CcB1B6fAA2625fE562bDD9a23260359
+  From:       0xaB7C8803962c0f2F5BBBe3FA8bf41cd82AA1923C
+  Value:      0.0 ether
+  Nonce:      95
+  Data:       0xa9059cbb0000000000000000000000008ba1f109551bd432803012645ac136ddd64dba720000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000de0b6b3a7640000
+  Gas Limit:  37538
+  Gas Price:  1.0 gwei
+  Chain ID:   1
+  Network:    homestead
+Send Transaction? (y/N/a) y
+Response:
+  Hash:  0xd609ecb7e3b5e8d36fd781dffceede3975ece6774b6322ea56cf1e4d0a17e3a1
+
+
+_code: Signing Messages  @<cliex-signing> @lang<shell>
+
+/home/ethers> ethers --account wallet.json sign-message 'Hello World'
+Password (wallet.json): ******
+Decrypting... 100%
+Message:
+  Message:        "Hello World"
+  Message (hex):  0x48656c6c6f20576f726c64
+Sign Message? (y/N/a) y
+Signature
+  Flat:   0xca3f0b32a22a5ab97ca8be7e4a36b1e81d565c6822465d769f4faa4aa24539fb122ee5649c8a37c9f5fc8446593674159e3a7b039997cd6ee697a24b787b1a161b
+  r:      0xca3f0b32a22a5ab97ca8be7e4a36b1e81d565c6822465d769f4faa4aa24539fb
+  s:      0x122ee5649c8a37c9f5fc8446593674159e3a7b039997cd6ee697a24b787b1a16
+  vs:     0x122ee5649c8a37c9f5fc8446593674159e3a7b039997cd6ee697a24b787b1a16
+  v:      27
+  recid:  0
+
+
+_heading: Scripting  @<cliex-scripting>
+
+The ``eval`` command can be used to execute simple one-line scripts from
+the command line to be passed into other commands or stored in script
+environment variables.
+
+_code: Get the formatted balance of an account  @lang<shell>
+/home/ethers> ethers --network goerli \
+               --account wallet.json \
+               eval \
+               'accounts[0].getBalance().then(b => formatEther(b))'
+3.141592653589793238
+
+_code: Get the current block number  @lang<shell>
+/home/ethers> ethers --network goerli \
+               eval "provider.getBlockNumber()"
+5761009
+
+_code: Convert a Solidity signature to JSON  @lang<shell>
+/home/ethers> ethers eval 'utils.Fragment.from(
+               "function balanceOf(address) view returns (uint)"
+              ).format("json")' | json_pp
+{
+   "inputs" : [
+      {
+         "type" : "address",
+         "name" : "owner"
+      }
+   ],
+   "type" : "function",
+   "payble" : false,
+   "stateMutability" : "view",
+   "ouputs" : [
+      {
+         "type" : "uint256"
+      }
+   ],
+   "name" : "balanceOf",
+   "constant" : true
+}
+
+
+_code: Compute a topic hash  @lang<shell>
+/home/ricmoo> ethers eval 'id("Transfer(address,address,uint256)")'
+0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef
+
+_code: Create a random mnemonic  @lang<shell>
+/home/ricmoo> ethers eval 'Wallet.createRandom().mnemonic'
+useful pond inch knock ritual matrix giggle attend dilemma convince coach amazing
+
+
+_heading: Using Mnemonics (with a password)  @<cliex-mnemonicpassword>
+
+All mnemonic phrases have a password, but the default is to use the empty
+string (i.e. ``""``) as the password. If you have a password on your
+mnemonic, the ``-\-mnemonic-password`` will prompt for the password to
+use to decrypt the account.
+
+_code: @lang<shell>
+
+/home/ricmoo> ethers --account mnemonic.txt --mnemonic-password
+Password (mnemonic): ******
+network: homestead (chainId: 1)
+homestead> accounts[0].getAddress()
+<Promise id=0 resolved>
+'0x6d3F723EC1B73141AA4aC248c3ab34A5a1DAD776'
+homestead>
+
+
+_heading: Using Mnemonics (with experimental memory-hard passwords)  @<cliex-mnemonicpassword-xxx>
+
+The ``-\-xxx-mnemonic-password`` is similar to the ``-\-mnemonic-password`` options,
+which uses a password to decrypt the account for a mnemonic, however it passes
+the password through the [scrypt](link-wiki-scrypt)
+//password-based key derivation function// first, which is intentionally slow and makes
+a brute-force attack far more difficult.
+
+_code: @lang<shell>
+
+/home/ricmoo> ethers --account mnemonic.txt --xxx-mnemonic-password
+Password (mnemonic; experimental - hard): ******
+Decrypting... 100%
+network: homestead (chainId: 1)
+homestead> accounts[0].getAddress()
+<Promise id=0 resolved>
+'0x56FC8792cC17971C19bEC4Ced978beEA44711EeD'
+homestead>
+
+_warning: Note
+This is still an experimental feature (hence the ``xxx``).
+
--- a/docs.wrm/cli/index.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/cli/index.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+_section: Command Line Interfaces
+
+_toc:
+    ethers
+    asm
+    ens
+    typescript
+    plugin
--- a/docs.wrm/cli/plugin.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/cli/plugin.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+_section: Making Your Own @<cli-diy>
+
+The //cli// library is meant to make it easy to create command
+line utilities of your own.
+
+_subsection: CLI @<cli-cli> @SRC<cli:class.CLI>
+
+A **CLI** handles parsing all the command-line flags, options and arguments
+and instantiates a [[cli-plugin]] to process the command.
+
+A **CLI** may support multiple [[cli-plugin]]'s in which case the first
+argument is used to determine which to run (or if no arguments, the default
+plugin will be selected) or may be designed to be standalone, in which case
+exactly one [[cli-plugin]] will be used and no command argument is allowed.
+
+
+_property: addPlugin(command, pluginClass) => void  @<cli-addplugin> @SRC<cli/cli>
+Add a //plugin// class for the //command//. After all options and flags
+have been consumed, the first argument will be consumed and the
+associated plugin class will be instantiated and run.
+
+_property: setPlugin(pluginClass) => void  @<cli-setplugin> @SRC<cli/cli>
+Set a dedicated [[cli-plugin]] class which will handle all input. This
+may not be used in conjunction with addPlugin and will not automatically
+accept a command from the arguments.
+
+_property: showUsage([ message = "" [ , status = 0 ] ]) => never  @<cli-showusage> @SRC<cli/cli>
+Shows the usage help screen for the CLI and terminates.
+
+_property: run(args) => Promise<void>  @<cli-run> @SRC<cli/cli:CLI.run>
+Usually the value of //args// passed in will be ``process.argv.slice(2)``.
+
+
+_subsection: Plugin  @<cli-plugin> @SRC<cli:class.Plugin>
+
+Each **Plugin** manages each command of a CLI and is executed in phases.
+
+If the usage (i.e. help) of a CLI is requested, the static methods ``getHelp``
+and ``getOptionHelp`` are used to generate the help screen.
+
+Otherwise, a plugin is instantiated and the ``prepareOptions`` is called. Each
+plugin **must** call ``super.prepareOptions``, otherwise the basic options are
+not yet processed. During this time a Plugin should consume all the flags and
+options it understands, since any left over flags or options will cause the
+CLI to bail and issue an //unknown option// error. This should throw if a value
+for a given option is invalid or some combination of options and flags is not
+allowed.
+
+Once the prepareOptions is complete (the returned promise is resolved), the ``prepareArguments``
+is called. This should validate the number of arguments expected and throw
+an error if there are too many or too few arguments or if any arguments do not
+make sense.
+
+Once the prepareArguments is complete (the returned promise is resolved), the ``run``
+is called.
+
+_property: plugin.network => [[providers-Network]]
+The network this plugin is running for.
+
+_property: plugin.provider => [[Provider]]
+The provider for this plugin is running for.
+
+_property: plugin.accounts => Array<[[Signer]]>
+The accounts passed into the plugin using ``--account``,
+``--account-rpc`` and ``--account-void`` which this plugin can use.
+
+_property: plugin.gasLimit => [[BigNumber]]
+The gas limit this plugin should use. This is null if unspecified.
+
+_property: plugin.gasPrice => [[BigNumber]]
+The gas price this plugin should use. This is null if unspecified.
+
+_property: plugin.nonce => number
+The initial nonce for the account this plugin should use.
+
+
+_heading: Methods
+
+_property: plugin.prepareOptions(argParser [ , verifyOnly = false ]) => Promise<void>  @<plugin-prepareoptions> @SRC<cli/cli:Plugin.prepareOptions>
+
+_property: plugin.prepareArgs(args) =>  Promise<void>  @<plugin-prepareargs> @SRC<cli/cli>
+
+_property: plugin.run() => Promise<void>  @<plugin-run> @SRC<cli/cli:Plugin.run>
+
+_property: plugin.getAddress(addressOrName [ , message = "", [ allowZero = false ] ]) => Promise<string>  @<plugin-getaddress> @SRC<cli/cli:Plugin.getAddress>
+A plugin should use this method to resolve an address. If the resolved address is
+the zero address and //allowZero// is not true, an error is raised.
+
+_property: plugin.dump(header, info) => void  @<plugin-dump> @SRC<cli/cli:Plugin.dump>
+Dumps the contents of //info// to the console with a //header// in a nicely
+formatted style. In the future, plugins may support a JSON output format
+which will automatically work with this method.
+
+_property: plugin.throwUsageError([ message = "" ]) => never  @<plugin-throwusageerror> @SRC<cli/cli>
+Stops execution of the plugin and shows the help screen of the plugin with
+the optional //message//.
+
+_property: plugin.throwError(message) => never  @<plugin-throwerror> @SRC<cli/cli>
+Stops execution of the plugin and shows //message//.
+
+_heading: Static Methods
+
+_property: Plugin.getHelp => Help  @<plugin-gethelp> @SRC<cli/cli>
+Each subclass should implement this static method which is used to
+generate the help screen.
+
+_property: Plugin.getOptionHelp => Array<Help>  @<plugin-getoptionshelp> @SRC<cli/cli>
+Each subclass should implement this static method if it supports
+additional options which is used to generate the help screen.
+
+
+_subsection: ArgParser @<cli-argparser> @SRC<cli:class.ArgParser>
+
+The **ArgParser** is used to parse a command line into flags, options
+and arguments.
+
+_code: @lang<shell>
+
+/home/ethers> ethers --account wallet.json --yes send ricmoo.eth 1.0
+#  An Option ----------^                     ^   ^
+#    - name =  "account"                     |   |
+#    - value = "wallet.json"                 |   |
+#  A Flag -----------------------------------+   |
+#    - name  = "yes"                             |
+#    - value = true                              |
+#  Arguments ------------------------------------+
+#    - count = 3
+#    - [ "send", "ricmoo.eth", "1.0" ]
+
+_null:
+
+Flags are simple binary options (such as the ``--yes``), which are true if present
+otherwise false.
+
+Options require a single parameter follow them on the command line
+(such as ``--account wallet.json``, which has the name ``account`` and the value
+``wallet.json``)
+
+Arguments are all other values on the command line, and are not accessed through
+the **ArgParser** directly.
+
+When a CLI is run, an **ArgParser** is used to validate the command line by using
+prepareOptions, which consumes all flags and options leaving only the arguments
+behind, which are then passed into prepareArgs.
+
+_property: argParser.consumeFlag(name) => boolean  @<argparser-consumeflag> @SRC<cli/cli>
+Remove the flag //name// and return true if it is present.
+
+_property: argParser.consumeMultiOptions(names) => Array<{ name: string, value: string}>  @<argparser-consumemultioptions> @SRC<cli/cli>
+Remove all options which match any name in the Array of //names//
+with their values returning the list (in order) of values.
+
+_property: argParser.consumeOption(name) => string  @<argparser-consumeoption> @SRC<cli/cli>
+Remove the option with its value for //name// and return the value. This
+will throw a UsageError if the option is included multiple times.
+
+_property: argParser.consumeOptions(name) => Array<string>  @<argparser-consumeoptions> @SRC<cli/cli>
+Remove all options with their values for //name// and return the list
+(in order) of values.
--- a/docs.wrm/cli/typescript.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/cli/typescript.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+_section: TypeScript
+
+_subsection: Help
+
+_code: @lang<text>
+
+Usage:
+   ethers-ts FILENAME [ ... ] [ OPTIONS ]
+
+OPTIONS
+  --output FILENAME           Write the output to FILENAME (default: stdout)
+  --force                     Overwrite files if they already exist
+  --no-optimize               Do not run the solc optimizer
+  --no-bytecode               Do not include bytecode and Factory methods
+
+OTHER OPTIONS
+  --debug                     Show stack traces for errors
+  --help                      Show this usage and exit
+  --version                   Show this version and exit
+
+(*) By including mnemonics or private keys on the command line they are
+    possibly readable by other users on your system and may get stored in
+    your bash history file. This is NOT recommended.
+
+
+_subsection: Examples
+
+TODO
--- a/docs.wrm/concepts/best-practices.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/concepts/best-practices.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+_section: Best Practices @<best-practices>
+
+_subsection: Network Changes
+
+Handling a change in the network (e.g. G&ouml;rli vs Mainnet) is
+incredibly complex and a slight failure can at best make your
+application seem confusing and at worst cause the loss of funds,
+leak private data or misrepresent what an action performed.
+
+Luckily, standard users should likely never change their networks
+unless tricked to do so or they make a mistake.
+
+This is a problem you mainly need to worry about for developers, and
+most developers should understand the vast array of issues surrounding
+a network change during application operation and will understand the
+page reloading (which is already the default behaviour in many clients).
+
+So, the best practice when a network change occurs is to simply
+refresh the page. This should cause all your UI components to
+reset to a known-safe state, including any banners and warnings
+to your users if they are on an unsupported network.
+
+This can be accomplished by using the following function:
+
+_code: Automatically Refresh on Network Change @lang<script>
+
+// Force page refreshes on network changes
+{
+    // The "any" network will allow spontaneous network changes
+    const provider = new ethers.providers.Web3Provider(window.ethereum, "any");
+    provider.on("network", (newNetwork, oldNetwork) => {
+        // When a Provider makes its initial connection, it emits a "network"
+        // event with a null oldNetwork along with the newNetwork. So, if the
+        // oldNetwork exists, it represents a changing network
+        if (oldNetwork) {
+            window.location.reload();
+        }
+    });
+}
--- a/docs.wrm/concepts/events.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/concepts/events.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+_section: Events @<events>
+
+_subsection: Logs and Filtering
+
+Logs and filtering are used quite often in blockchain applications,
+since they allow for efficient queries of indexed data and provide
+lower-cost data storage when the data is not required to be
+accessed on-chain.
+
+These can be used in conjunction with the [Provider Events API](Provider--event-methods)
+and with the [Contract Events API](Contract--events).
+
+The Contract Events API also provides [higher-level methods](Contract--filters)
+to compute and query this data, which should be preferred over the lower-level filter.
+
+_heading: Filters @<events--filters>
+
+When a Contract creates a log, it can include up to 4 pieces of
+data to be indexed by. The indexed data is hashed and included in
+a [[link-wiki-bloomfilter]], which is a data structure that allows
+for efficient filtering.
+
+So, a filter may correspondingly have up to 4 topic-sets, where each
+topic-set refers to a condition that must match the indexed log topic
+in that position (i.e. each condition is ``AND``-ed together).
+
+If a topic-set is ``null``, a log topic in that position is **not filtered**
+at all and **any value** matches.
+
+If a topic-set is a single topic, a log topic in that position **must** match
+**that topic**.
+
+If a topic-set is an array of topics, a log topic in that position must
+match **any one** of the topics (i.e. the topic in this position are ``OR``-ed).
+
+This may sound complicated at first, but is more easily understood with
+some examples.
+
+_table: Example Log Matching @style<full>
+
+$TopicABaCD: **[** (topic[0] = A) **OR** (topic[0] = B) **]** **AND**
+             **[** (topic[1] = C) **OR** (topic[1] = D) **]**
+
+|  **Topic-Sets**           |  **Matching Logs**                    <<|
+|   [ A ]                   | topic[0] = A                          <<|
+|   [ A, null ]             |   ^                                     |
+|   [ null, B ]             | topic[1] = B                          <<|
+|   [ null, [ B ] ]         |   ^                                     |
+|   [ null, [ B ], null ]   |   ^                                     |
+|   [ A, B ]                | (topic[0] = A) **AND** (topic[1] = B) <<|
+|   [ A, [ B ] ]            |   ^                                     |
+|   [ A, [ B ], null ]      |   ^                                     |
+|   [ [ A, B ] ]            | (topic[0] = A) **OR** (topic[0] = B)  <<|
+|   [ [ A, B ], null ]      |   ^                                     |
+|   [ [ A, B ], [ C, D ] ]  | $TopicABaCD                       <<|
+
+
+_code: ERC-20 Transfer Filter Examples @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const tokenAddress = ethers.constants.AddressZero;
+//_hide: const myAddress = ethers.constants.AddressZero;
+//_hide: const myOtherAddress = ethers.constants.AddressZero;
+//_hide: const id = ethers.utils.id;
+//_hide: const hexZeroPad = ethers.utils.hexZeroPad;
+
+// Short example of manually creating filters for an ERC-20
+// Transfer event.
+//
+// Most users should generally use the Contract API to
+// compute filters, as it is much simpler, but this is
+// provided as an illustration for those curious. See
+// below for examples of the equivalent Contract API.
+
+// ERC-20:
+//   Transfer(address indexed src, address indexed dst, uint val)
+//
+// -------------------^
+// ----------------------------------------^
+//
+// Notice that only *src* and *dst* are *indexed*, so ONLY they
+// qualify for filtering.
+//
+// Also, note that in Solidity an Event uses the first topic to
+// identify the Event name; for Transfer this will be:
+//   id("Transfer(address,address,uint256)")
+//
+// Other Notes:
+//  - A topic must be 32 bytes; so shorter types must be padded
+
+// List all token transfers  *from*  myAddress
+filter = {
+    address: tokenAddress,
+    topics: [
+        utils.id("Transfer(address,address,uint256)"),
+        hexZeroPad(myAddress, 32)
+    ]
+};
+
+// List all token transfers  *to*  myAddress:
+filter = {
+    address: tokenAddress,
+    topics: [
+        utils.id("Transfer(address,address,uint256)"),
+        null,
+        hexZeroPad(myAddress, 32)
+    ]
+};
+
+// List all token transfers  *to*  myAddress or myOtherAddress:
+filter = {
+    address: tokenAddress,
+    topics: [
+        utils.id("Transfer(address,address,uint256)"),
+        null,
+        [
+            hexZeroPad(myAddress, 32),
+            hexZeroPad(myOtherAddress, 32),
+        ]
+    ]
+};
+
+_null:
+
+To simplify life, ..., explain here, the contract API
+
+
+_code: ERC-20 Contract Filter Examples @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const tokenAddress = "0x6B175474E89094C44Da98b954EedeAC495271d0F"; /* DAI */
+//_hide: const myAddress = "0x8ba1f109551bD432803012645Ac136ddd64DBA72";
+//_hide: const otherAddress = "0xEA517D5a070e6705Cc5467858681Ed953d285Eb9";
+//_hide: const provider = ethers.getDefaultProvider();
+//_hide: const Contract = ethers.Contract;
+
+abi = [
+  "event Transfer(address indexed src, address indexed dst, uint val)"
+];
+
+contract = new Contract(tokenAddress, abi, provider);
+
+// List all token transfers *from* myAddress
+//_result:
+contract.filters.Transfer(myAddress)
+//_log:
+
+// List all token transfers *to* myAddress:
+//_result:
+contract.filters.Transfer(null, myAddress)
+//_log:
+
+// List all token transfers *from* myAddress *to* otherAddress:
+//_result:
+contract.filters.Transfer(myAddress, otherAddress)
+//_log:
+
+// List all token transfers *to* myAddress OR otherAddress:
+//_result:
+contract.filters.Transfer(null, [ myAddress, otherAddress ])
+//_log:
+
+
+_subsection: Solidity Topics @<events-solidity>
+
+This is a quick (and non-comprehensive) overview of how events are computed
+in Solidity.
+
+This is likely out of the scope for most developers, but may be interesting
+to those who want to learn a bit more about the underlying technology.
+
+Solidity provides two types of events, anonymous and non-anonymous. The
+default is non-anonymous, and most developers will not need to worry about
+anonymous events.
+
+For non-anonymous events, up to 3 topics may be indexed (instead of 4), since
+the first topic is reserved to specify the event signature. This allows
+non-anonymous events to always be filtered by their event signature.
+
+This topic hash is always in the first slot of the indexed data, and is
+computed by normalizing the Event signature and taking the keccak256 hash
+of it.
+
+For anonymous events, up to 4 topics may be indexed, and there is no
+signature topic hash, so the events cannot be filtered by the event
+signature.
+
+Each additional indexed property is processed depending on whether its
+length is fixed or dynamic.
+
+For fixed length types (e.g. ``uint``, ``bytes5``), all of which are
+internally exactly 32 bytes (shorter types are padded with zeros;
+numeric values are padded on the left, data values padded on the right),
+these are included directly by their actual value, 32 bytes of data.
+
+For dynamic types (e.g. ``string``, ``uint256[]``) , the value is hashed
+using keccak256 and this hash is used.
+
+Because dynamic types are hashed, there are important consequences in
+parsing events that should be kept in mind. Mainly that the original
+value is lost in the event. So, it is possible to tell is a topic is
+equal to a given string, but if they do not match, there is no way
+to determine what the value was.
+
+If a developer requires that a string value is required to be both
+able to be filtered and also able to be read, the value must be included
+in the signature twice, once indexed and once non-indexed (e.g.
+``someEvent(string indexed searchBy, string clearText)``).
+
+For a more detailed description, please refer to the
+[Solidity Event Documentation](link-solidity-events).
+
+_heading: Other Things? TODO
+
+Explain what happens to strings and bytes, how to filter and retain the value
--- a/docs.wrm/concepts/gas.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/concepts/gas.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+_section: Gas @<gas>
+
+Explain attack vectors
+
+_subsection: Gas Price @<gas-price>
+
+The gas price is used somewhat like a bid, indicating an amount
+you are willing to pay (per unit of execution) to have your transaction
+processed.
+
+_subsection: Gas Limit @<gas-limit>
+
--- a/docs.wrm/concepts/index.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/concepts/index.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+_section: Ethereum Basics
+
+This is a brief overview of some aspects of //Ethereum//
+and blockchains which developers can make use of or should
+be aware of.
+
+This section is sparse at the moment, but will be expanded
+as time goes on.
+
+_toc:
+    events
+    gas
+    security
+    best-practices
--- a/docs.wrm/concepts/security/index.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/concepts/security/index.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+_section: Security @<security>
+
+While security should be a concern for all developers, in the
+blockchain space developers must be additionally conscious of
+many areas which can be exploited.
+
+Once a problem has an economic incentives to exploit it, there
+is a much larger risk and with blockchain apps it can become
+quite valuable to attack.
+
+In addition to many of the other security issues app developers
+may have to worry about, there are a few additional vectors
+that JavaScript developers should be aware of.
+
+_subsection: Side-Channel Attacks
+
+A [Side-Channel Attack](link-wiki-side-channel-attack) occurs
+when something orthogonal to the implementation of the algorithm
+used can be exploited to learn more about secure or private
+information.
+
+_heading: Released Data (Strings, Uint8Arrays, Buffers)
+
+In JavaScript, memory may not be securely allocated, or more
+importantly securely released.
+
+[Historically](https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/4660),
+``new Buffer(16)`` would re-use old memory that had been
+released. This would mean that code running later, may have
+access to data that was discarded.
+
+As an example of the dangers, imagine if you had used a Buffer
+to store a private key, signed data and then returned from the
+function, allowing the Buffer to be de-allocated. A future
+function may be able to request a new Buffer, which would still
+have that left-over private key, which it could then use to
+steal the funds from that account.
+
+There are also many debugging tools and systems designed to
+assist developers inspect the memory contents of JavaScript
+programs. In these cases, any //private key// or //mnemonic//
+sitting in memory may be visible to other users on the system,
+or malicious scripts.
+
+_heading: Timing Attack
+
+Timing attacks allow a malicious user or script to determine
+private data through analysing how long an operation requires
+to execute.
+
+In JavaScript, //Garbage Collection// occurs periodically when the
+system determines it is required. Each JavaScript implementation
+is different, with a variety of strategies and and abilities.
+
+Most Garbage Collection requires "stopping the world", or pausing
+all code being executed while it runs. This adds a large delay
+to any code that was currently running.
+
+This can be exploited by attackers to "condition cause a delay".
+They will set up a scenario where the system is on the edge of
+needing to garbage collect, and call your code with two paths,
+a simple path and complex path. The simple path won't stir things
+up enough to cause a garbage collection, while the complex one
+will. By timing how long the code took to execute, they now know
+whether garbage collection occured and therefore whether the simple
+or complex path was taken.
+
+Advanced timing attacks are very difficult to mitigate in any
+garbage-collection-based language. Most libraries where this
+matters will hopefully mitigate this for you as much as possible,
+but it is still good to be aware of.
+
+_heading: General Concerns
+
+- [Cross-Site Scripting](link-wiki-xss)
+- [Cross-Site Request Forgery](link-wiki-csrf)
+- [Phishing](link-wiki-phishing)
+
+
+_subsection: Key Derivation Functions @<security--pbkdf>
+
+This is not specific to Ethereum, but is a useful technique
+to understand and has some implications on User Experience.
+
+Many people are concerned that encrypting and decrypting an
+Ethereum wallet is quite slow and can take quite some time.
+It is important to understand this is intentional and provides
+much stronger security.
+
+The algorithm usually used for this process is [scrypt](link-wiki-scrypt),
+which is a memory and CPU intensive algorithm which computes
+a key (fixed-length pseudo-random series of bytes) for a given
+password.
+
+
+_heading: Why does it take so long?
+
+The goal is to use as much CPU and memory as possible during
+this algorithm, so that a single computer can only compute a
+very small number of results for some fixed amount of time. To
+scale up an attack, the attacker requires additional computers,
+increasing the cost to [brute-force attack](link-wiki-bruteforce)
+to guess the password.
+
+For example, if a user knows their correct password, this process
+may take 10 seconds for them to unlock their own wallet and proceed.
+
+But since an attacker does not know the password, they must guess; and
+each guess also requires 10 seconds. So, if they wish to try guessing 1
+million passwords, their computer would be completely tied up for 10
+million seconds, or around 115 days.
+
+Without using an algorithm like this, a user would be able
+to log in instantly, however, 1 million passwords would only
+take a few seconds to attempt. Even secure passwords would
+likely be broken within a short period of time. There is no way
+the algorithm can be faster for a legitimate user without also
+being faster for an attacker.
+
+_heading: Mitigating the User Experience
+
+Rather than reducing the security (see below), a better practice is to make
+the user feel better about waiting. The Ethers encryption and decryption
+API allows the developer to incorporate a progress bar, by passing in a
+progress callback which will be periodically called with a number between
+0 and 1 indication percent completion.
+
+In general a progress bar makes the experience feel faster, as well as
+more comfortable since there is a clear indication how much (relative) time
+is remaining. Additionally, using language like //"decrypting..."// in
+a progress bar makes a user feel like their time is not being //needlessly//
+wasted.
+
+_heading: Work-Arounds (not recommended)
+
+There are ways to reduce the time required to decrypt an Ethereum JSON
+Wallet, but please keep in mind that doing so **discards nearly all security**
+on that wallet.
+
+The scrypt algorithm is designed to be tuned. The main purpose of this is
+to increase the difficulty as time goes on and computers get faster, but
+it can also be tuned down in situations where the security is less important.
+
+_code: @LANG<javascript>
+
+// Our wallet object
+const wallet = Wallet.createRandom();
+
+// The password to encrypt with
+const password = "password123";
+
+// WARNING: Doing this substantially reduces the security
+//          of the wallet. This is highly NOT recommended.
+
+// We override the default scrypt.N value, which is used
+// to indicate the difficulty to crack this wallet.
+const json = wallet.encrypt(password, {
+  scrypt: {
+    // The number must be a power of 2 (default: 131072)
+    N: 64
+  }
+});
--- a/docs.wrm/config.js
+++ b/docs.wrm/config.js
@ -0,0 +1,364 @@
+"use strict";
+
+const { resolve } = require("path");
+const fs = require("fs");
+
+const ts = require("typescript");
+
+function getDefinitions(source) {
+    const sourceFile = ts.createSourceFile("filename.ts", source);
+
+    const defs = [ ];
+
+    function add(type, name, pos) {
+        const lineNo = sourceFile.getLineAndCharacterOfPosition(pos).line + 1;
+        name = type + "." + name
+        defs.push({ type, name, lineNo });
+    }
+
+    let lastClass = null, lastEnum = null;
+    function visit(node, depth) {
+        if (ts.isConstructorDeclaration(node)) {
+            add("constructor", lastClass, node.body.pos);
+        } else if (ts.isFunctionDeclaration(node)) {
+            add("function", node.name.text, node.name.end);
+        } else if (ts.isConstructorDeclaration(node)) {
+            add("constructor", lastClass, node.pos);
+        } else if (ts.isClassDeclaration(node)) {
+            lastClass = node.name.escapedText;
+            add("class", lastClass, node.name.end);
+        } else if (ts.isMethodDeclaration(node)) {
+            if (lastClass == null) { throw new Error("missing class"); }
+            if (ts.hasStaticModifier(node)) {
+                add("staticmethod", (lastClass + "." + node.name.text), node.name.end);
+            } else {
+                add("method", (lastClass + "." + node.name.text), node.name.end);
+            }
+        } else if (ts.isEnumDeclaration(node)) {
+            lastEnum = node.name.escapedText;
+            add("enum", lastEnum, node.name.end);
+        } else if (ts.isEnumMember(node)) {
+            add("enum", (lastEnum + "." + node.name.escapedText), node.name.end);
+        } else if (ts.isVariableDeclaration(node)) {
+            if (depth === 3) {
+                add("var", node.name.escapedText, node.name.end);
+            }
+        } else if (ts.isGetAccessorDeclaration(node)) {
+            add("getter", (lastClass + "." + node.name.text), node.name.end);
+        }
+        ts.forEachChild(node, (node) => { return visit(node, depth + 1); });
+    }
+
+    visit(sourceFile, 0);
+
+    return defs;
+}
+
+const getSourceUrl = (function(path, include, exclude) {
+    console.log("Scanning TypeScript Sources...");
+    const Link = "https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/blob/master/packages$FILENAME#L$LINE";
+    const Root = resolve(__dirname, path);
+
+    const readdir = function(path) {
+        if (path.match(exclude)) { return [ ]; }
+
+        const stat = fs.statSync(path);
+        if (stat.isDirectory()) {
+            return fs.readdirSync(path).reduce((result, filename) => {
+                readdir(resolve(path, filename)).forEach((file) => {
+                    result.push(file);
+                });
+                return result;
+            }, [ ]);
+        }
+
+        if (path.match(include)) {
+            const source = fs.readFileSync(path).toString();
+            return [ { filename: path.substring(Root.length), defs: getDefinitions(source) } ]
+        }
+
+        return [ ];
+    }
+
+    const defs = readdir(Root);
+
+    return function getSourceUrl(key) {
+        const comps = key.split(":");
+        if (comps.length !== 2) { throw new Error("unsupported key"); }
+
+        const pathCheck = new RegExp("(^|[^a-zA-Z0-9_])" + comps[0].split("/").join("/(.*/)*") + "($|[^a-zA-Z0-9_])");
+
+        let match = comps[1];
+        if (match.indexOf("(" /* fix: )*/)) {
+            match = new RegExp("(^|\\.)" + match.split("(" /* fix: ) */)[0] + "$");
+        } else if (match[0] === "=") {
+            match = new RegExp("^" + match.substring(1) + "$");
+        } else {
+            match = new RegExp("(^|\\.)" + match + "$");
+        }
+
+        const result = [ ];
+        defs.forEach((def) => {
+            if (!def.filename.match(pathCheck)) { return; }
+            def.defs.forEach((d) => {
+                if (!d.name.match(match)) { return; }
+                result.push({ filename: def.filename, lineNo: d.lineNo, name: d.name });
+            });
+        });
+        if (result.length > 1) {
+            throw new Error(`Ambiguous TypeScript link: ${ key } in [ ${ result.map((r) => JSON.stringify(r.filename + ":" + r.lineNo + "@" + r.name)).join(", ") }]`);
+        } else if (result.length === 0) {
+            throw new Error(`No matching TypeScript link: ${ key }`);
+        }
+
+        return Link
+            .replace("$LINE", String(result[0].lineNo))
+            .replace("$FILENAME", result[0].filename);
+    }
+})("../packages/", new RegExp("packages/.*/src.ts/.*\.ts$"), new RegExp("/node_modules/|src.ts/.*browser.*"));
+
+let localSigner = null;
+
+function codeContextify(context) {
+    const { inspect } = require("util");
+    const ethers = context.require("./packages/ethers");
+
+    if (localSigner == null) { localSigner = ethers.Wallet.createRandom(); }
+
+    context.ethers = ethers;
+    context.BigNumber = ethers.BigNumber;
+    context.constants = ethers.constants;
+    context.utils = ethers.utils;
+    context.arrayify = ethers.utils.arrayify;
+    context.hexlify = ethers.utils.hexlify;
+    context.hexValue = ethers.utils.hexValue;
+    context.Wallet = ethers.Wallet;
+    context.provider = new ethers.providers.InfuraProvider("mainnet", "49a0efa3aaee4fd99797bfa94d8ce2f1");
+
+    // We use a local dev node for some signing examples, but want to
+    // resolve ENS names against mainnet; super hacky but makes the
+    // docs nicer (funded in _startup)
+    context.localProvider = new ethers.providers.JsonRpcProvider();
+    context.localSigner = localSigner.connect(context.localProvider);
+    context.localProvider.resolveName = context.provider.resolveName.bind(context.provider);
+
+    context.BigNumber.prototype[inspect.custom] = function(depth, options) {
+        return `{ BigNumber: ${JSON.stringify(this.toString()) } }`;
+    }
+
+    context.createClass = function(name) {
+        let C = class{ }
+        Object.defineProperty(C, "name", { value: name })
+        return C;
+    }
+
+
+    context._inspect = function(value, depth) {
+        if (toString.call(value) === '[object Error]') {
+            // Not an error from ethers...
+            if (ethers.utils.Logger.errors[value.code] == null) {
+                return `Error: ${ value.message }`;
+            }
+
+            // Trim the ethers errors down on their verbosity for the docs...
+            if (value.message) {
+                value.message = value.message.split(" (")[0];
+            }
+            value.stack = undefined;
+        }
+
+        if (value && value.constructor && value.constructor.name === "Uint8Array") {
+            return `Uint8Array [ ${ Array.prototype.join.call(value, ", ") } ]`;
+        }
+
+        if (typeof(value) === "string" && value.indexOf("\n") >= 0) {
+           return "`" + value + "`";
+        }
+
+        //return JSON.stringify(value);
+        return inspect(value, {
+            compact: false,
+            depth: null,
+            breakLength: Infinity,
+            sorted: true,
+        });
+    }
+
+    context._startup = async function() {
+        console.log("Startup");
+        const signer = context.localProvider.getSigner();
+        const tx = await signer.sendTransaction({
+            to: localSigner.address,
+            value: ethers.utils.parseEther("10.0")
+        });
+        await tx.wait();
+    }
+
+    context._shutdown = function() {
+        console.log("Shutdown");
+    }
+}
+
+
+module.exports = {
+  title: "ethers",
+  subtitle: "v5.7",
+  description: "Documentation for ethers, a complete, tiny and simple Ethereum library.",
+  logo: "logo.svg",
+
+  socialImage: "social.jpg",
+
+  prefix: "/v5",
+
+  link: "https:/\/docs.ethers.org",
+  copyright: "The content of this site is licensed under the [Creative Commons License](https:/\/choosealicense.com/licenses/cc-by-4.0/). Generated on &$now;.",
+
+  markdown: {
+      "banner": "-----\n\nDocumentation: [html](https://docs.ethers.org/)\n\n-----\n\n"
+  },
+
+  codeContextify: codeContextify,
+
+  getSourceUrl: getSourceUrl,
+
+  codeRoot: "../",
+
+  externalLinks: {
+      "link-mail": "mailto:me@ricmoo.com",
+      "link-alchemy": { name: "Alchemy", url: "https:/\/alchemy.com/?a=ethers" },
+      "link-ankr": { name: "Ankr", url: "https:/\/www.ankr.com" },
+      "link-cloudflare": { name: "Cloudflare", url: "https:/\/developers.cloudflare.com/distributed-web/ethereum-gateway/" },
+      "link-ens": { name: "ENS", url: "https:/\/ens.domains/" },
+      "link-ethereum": { name: "Ethereum", url: "https:/\/ethereumorg" },
+      "link-etherscan": { name: "Etherscan", url: "https:/\/etherscan.io" },
+      "link-expo": { name: "Expo", url: "https:/\/expo.io" },
+      "link-etherscan-api": "https:/\/etherscan.io/apis",
+      "link-flatworm": { name: "Flatworm", url: "https:/\/github.com/ricmoo/flatworm" },
+      "link-geth": { name: "Geth", url: "https:/\/geth.ethereum.org" },
+      "link-infura": { name: "INFURA", url: "https:/\/infura.io" },
+      "link-javascriptcore": { name: "JavaScriptCore", url: "https:/\/developer.apple.com/documentation/javascriptcore?language=objc" },
+      "link-ledger": "https:/\/www.ledger.com",
+      "link-metamask": { name: "MetaMask", url: "https:/\/metamask.io/" },
+      "link-otto": "https:/\/github.com/robertkrimen/otto",
+      "link-parity": { name: "Parity", url: "https:/\/www.parity.io" },
+      "link-pocket": { name: "Pocket Network", url: "https:/\/pokt.network" },
+      "link-react-native": { name: "React Native", url: "https:/\/reactnative.dev" },
+      "link-rtd": "https:/\/github.com/readthedocs/sphinx_rtd_theme",
+      "link-semver": { name: "semver", url: "https:/\/semver.org" },
+      "link-solidity": { name: "Solidity" , url: "https:/\/solidity.readthedocs.io/" },
+      "link-solidity-errors": "https:/\/docs.soliditylang.org/en/v0.8.4/abi-spec.html#errors",
+      "link-solidity-events": "https:/\/docs.soliditylang.org/en/v0.8.4/abi-spec.html#events",
+      "link-sphinx": { name: "Sphinx", url: "https:/\/www.sphinx-doc.org/" },
+
+      "link-alchemy-signup": "https:/\/dashboard.alchemyapi.io/signup?referral=55a35117-028e-4b7c-9e47-e275ad0acc6d",
+      "link-ankr-public": "https:/\/www.ankr.com/protocol/public/",
+      "link-ankr-premium": "https:/\/www.ankr.com/protocol/plan/",
+      "link-etherscan-signup": "https:/\/etherscan.io/apis",
+      "link-etherscan-ratelimit": "https:/\/info.etherscan.com/api-return-errors/",
+      "link-infura-signup": "https:/\/infura.io/register",
+      "link-pocket-signup": "https:/\/pokt.network/pocket-gateway-ethereum-mainnet/",
+
+      "link-json-rpc": "https:/\/github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/JSON-RPC",
+      "link-web3-send": "https:/\/github.com/ethereum/web3.js/blob/1.x/packages/web3-providers-http/types/index.d.ts#L57",
+      "link-parity-trace": "https:/\/openethereum.github.io/wiki/JSONRPC-trace-module",
+      "link-parity-rpc": "https:/\/openethereum.github.io/wiki/JSONRPC",
+      "link-geth-debug": "https:/\/github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/wiki/Management-APIs#debug",
+      "link-geth-rpc": "https:/\/github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/wiki/Management-APIs",
+
+      "link-legacy-docs3": "https:/\/docs.ethers.org/v3/",
+      "link-legacy-docs4": "https:/\/docs.ethers.org/v4/",
+      "link-beta-docs6": "https:/\/docs.ethers.org/v6-beta/",
+      "link-docs6": "https:/\/docs.ethers.org/v6/",
+
+      "link-github-ci": "https:/\/github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/actions/runs/158006903",
+      "link-github-issues": "https:/\/github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues",
+
+      "link-issue-407": "https:/\/github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/407",
+
+      "link-infura-secret": "https:/\/infura.io/docs/gettingStarted/authentication",
+
+      "link-web3": "https:/\/github.com/ethereum/web3.js",
+      "link-web3-http": "https:/\/github.com/ethereum/web3.js/tree/1.x/packages/web3-providers-http",
+      "link-web3-ipc": "https:/\/github.com/ethereum/web3.js/tree/1.x/packages/web3-providers-ipc",
+      "link-web3-ws": "https:/\/github.com/ethereum/web3.js/tree/1.x/packages/web3-providers-ws",
+
+      "link-solc-output": "https:/\/solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.6.0/using-the-compiler.html#output-description",
+      "link-bip39-wordlists": "https:/\/github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0039/bip-0039-wordlists.md",
+
+      "link-icap": "https:/\/github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/Inter-exchange-Client-Address-Protocol-%28ICAP%29",
+      "link-jsonrpc": "https:/\/github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/JSON-RPC",
+      "link-mit": { name: "MIT License", url: "https:/\/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_License" },
+      "link-namehash": { name: "namehash", url: "https:/\/docs.ens.domains/contract-api-reference/name-processing#hashing-names" },
+      "link-rlp": { name: "Recursive Length Prefix", url: "https:/\/github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/RLP" },
+
+      "link-ethersio": "https:/\/ethers.io/",
+      "link-ethers-docs": "https:/\/docs.ethers.org/",
+      "link-ethers-js": "https:/\/cdn.ethers.io/lib/ethers-5.1.esm.min.js",
+      "link-ethers-npm": "https:/\/www.npmjs.com/search?q=%40ethersproject%2F",
+      "link-ethers-asm-grammar": "https:/\/github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/blob/master/packages/asm/grammar.jison",
+
+      "link-eip-155": { name: "EIP-155", url: "https:/\/eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-155" },
+      "link-eip-191": { name: "EIP-191", url: "https:/\/eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-191" },
+      "link-eip-609": { name: "EIP-609", url: "https:/\/eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-609" },
+      "link-eip-634": { name: "EIP-634", url: "https:/\/eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-634" },
+      "link-eip-712": { name: "EIP-712", url: "https:/\/eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712" },
+      "link-eip-1014": { name: "EIP-1014", url: "https:/\/eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1014" },
+      "link-eip-1193": { name: "EIP-1193", url: "https:/\/eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1193" },
+      "link-eip-1559": { name: "EIP-1559", url: "https:/\/eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1559" },
+      "link-eip-1577": { name: "EIP-1577", url: "https:/\/eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1577" },
+      "link-eip-2098": { name: "EIP-2098", url: "https:/\/eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2098" },
+      "link-eip-2304": { name: "EIP-2304", url: "https:/\/eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2304" },
+      "link-eip-2718": { name: "EIP-2718", url: "https:/\/eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2718" },
+      "link-eip-2930": { name: "EIP-2930", url: "https:/\/eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2930" },
+      "link-bip-39": { name: "BIP-39", url: "https:/\/en.bitcoin.it/wiki/BIP_0039" },
+      "link-bip-32": { name: "BIP-32", url: "https:/\/github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0032.mediawiki" },
+      "link-bip-44": { name: "BIP-44", url: "https:/\/en.bitcoin.it/wiki/BIP_0044" },
+
+      "link-npm-elliptic": { name: "elliptic", url: "https:/\/www.npmjs.com/package/elliptic" },
+      "link-npm-ethersproject-shims": { name: "Shims", url: "https:/\/www.npmjs.com/package/@ethersproject/shims" },
+      "link-npm-events": { name: "EventEmitter", url: "https:/\/nodejs.org/dist/latest-v13.x/docs/api/events.html#events_class_eventemitter" },
+      "link-npm-bnjs": { name: "BN.js", url: "https:/\/www.npmjs.com/package/bn.js" },
+      "link-npm-query-bignumber": "https:/\/www.npmjs.com/search?q=bignumber",
+      "link-npm-react-native-get-random-values": { name: "React Native get-random-values", url: "https:/\/www.npmjs.com/package/react-native-get-random-values" },
+
+      "link-js-array": "https:/\/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array",
+      "link-js-bigint": "https:/\/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/BigInt",
+      "link-js-normalize": { name: "String.normalize", url: "https:/\/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String/normalize" },
+      "link-js-maxsafe": "https:/\/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number/MAX_SAFE_INTEGER#Description",
+      "link-js-proxy": "https:/\/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Proxy",
+      "link-js-typedarray": "https:/\/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/TypedArray",
+
+      "link-cors": { name: "CORS", url: "https:/\/developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CORS" },
+
+      "link-ricmoo-humanreadableabi": "https:/\/blog.ricmoo.com/human-readable-contract-abis-in-ethers-js-141902f4d917",
+
+      "link-other-ethereum-dev-docs": "https:/\/ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/",
+
+      "link-wiki-basicauth": { name: "Basic Authentication", url: "https:/\/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_access_authentication" },
+      "link-wiki-backoff": { name: "Exponential Backoff", url: "https:/\/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_backoff" },
+      "link-wiki-bloomfilter": { name: "Bloom Filter", url: "https:/\/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloom_filter" },
+      "link-wiki-bruteforce": "https:/\/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brute-force_attack",
+      "link-wiki-cryptographichash": "https:/\/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic_hash_function",
+      "link-wiki-csrf": "https:/\/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_request_forgery",
+      "link-wiki-ecrecover": { name: "ECDSA Public Key Recovery", url: "https:/\/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptic_Curve_Digital_Signature_Algorithm#Public_key_recovery" },
+      "link-wiki-homoglyph": "https:/\/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IDN_homograph_attack",
+      "link-wiki-hmac": "https:/\/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMAC",
+      "link-wiki-iban": "https:/\/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Bank_Account_Number",
+      "link-wiki-ieee754": "https:/\/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-precision_floating-point_format",
+      "link-wiki-observer-pattern": { name: "Observer Pattern", url: "https:/\/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observer_pattern" },
+      "link-wiki-phishing": "https:/\/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phishing",
+      "link-wiki-ripemd": "https:/\/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/RIPEMD",
+      "link-wiki-sha2": "https:/\/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-2",
+      "link-wiki-twoscomplement": "https:/\/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two%27s_complement",
+      "link-wiki-unicode-equivalence": "https:/\/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode_equivalence",
+      "link-wiki-utf8-overlong": "https:/\/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8#Overlong_encodings",
+      "link-wiki-utf8-replacement": "https:/\/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specials_%28Unicode_block%29#Replacement_character",
+      "link-wiki-scrypt": "https:/\/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrypt",
+      "link-wiki-side-channel-attack": "https:/\/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Side-channel_attack",
+      "link-wiki-sha3": "https:/\/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-3",
+      "link-wiki-shuffle": { name: "Fisher-Yates Shuffle", url: "https:/\/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher-Yates_shuffle" },
+      "link-wiki-overflow": { name: "overflow", url: "https:/\/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer_overflow" },
+      "link-wiki-underflow": { name: "arithmetic underflow", url: "https:/\/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic_underflow" },
+      "link-wiki-xss": "https:/\/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_scripting",
+  },
+};
--- a/docs.wrm/config.json
+++ b/docs.wrm/config.json
@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{
+  "title": "ethers",
+  "subtitle": "v5.0-beta",
+  "logo": "logo.svg",
+  "link": "https://docs-beta.ethers.io",
+  "markdown": {
+      "banner": "-----\n\nDocumentation: [html](https://docs-beta.ethers.io/)\n\n-----\n\n"
+  },
+  "source": {
+      "path": "../packages/",
+      "include": "packages/.*/src.ts/",
+      "exclude": "/node_modules/|src.ts/.*browser.*",
+      "link": "https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/blob/ethers-v5-beta/packages$FILENAME#L$LINE"
+  }
+}
--- a/docs.wrm/config.mjs
+++ b/docs.wrm/config.mjs
@ -1,86 +0,0 @@
-import { inspect } from "util";
-
-import * as ethers from "../lib.esm/index.js";
-import { version } from "../lib.esm/_version.js";
-
-import { getModifiedTime } from "../lib.esm/_admin/utils/git.js";
-
-const title = "ethers";
-
-const subtitle = (function(version) {
-    const dash = version.indexOf("-");
-    if (dash === -1) { return version; }
-    return version.substring(dash + 1);
-})(version);
-
-const extraLinks = function() {
-    return [
-      `link-cdnjs [ethers.min.js](https:/\/cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/ethers/${ version }/ethers.min.js)`,
-      `link-cdnjs-wordlists [wordlists-extra.min.js](https:/\/cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/ethers/${ version }/wordlists-extra.min.js)`,
-    ];
-}
-
-export default {
-  title, subtitle,
-
-  // Where all the basic documentation is
-  docRoot: ".",
-
-  // Where all the code is for the jsdocs API crawler
-  codeRoot: "../src.ts/index.ts",
-
-  // Place all files in the /v6/ folder
-  prefix: "v6",
-
-  // Prepare the context for running the examples
-  contextify: function(context) {
-    Object.assign(context, ethers);
-    context.provider = new ethers.InfuraProvider();
-    context.Uint8Array = Uint8Array;
-
-    ethers.InfuraProvider.prototype[inspect.custom] = function(depth, options, inspect) {
-      if (depth > 0) { return `InfuraProvider { ... }`; }
-      // Does this cause infinite recursion??
-      return this;
-    };
-
-    ethers.Interface.prototype[inspect.custom] = function(depth, options, inspect) {
-      if (depth > 0) { return `Interface { ... }`; }
-      // Does this cause infinite recursion??
-      return this;
-    };
-
-    ethers.Fragment.prototype[inspect.custom] = function(depth, options, inspect) {
-      if (depth > 0) { return `${ this.constructor.name } { ... }`; }
-      // Does this cause infinite recursion??
-      return this;
-    };
-  },
-
-  // The base URL to use for the <src> links
-  srcBaseUrl: "https:/\/github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/blob/main/src.ts/{FILENAME}#L{LINENO}",
-
-  // Used at the bottom of each page to indicate the last-modified-time.
-  // This uses the most recent time in the repo that the file was
-  // updated.
-  getTimestamp: function(path) {
-      return getModifiedTime(path);
-  },
-
-  // All the links to pull in
-  links: [
-    "./links/javascript.txt",
-    "./links/npm.txt",
-    "./links/projects.txt",
-    "./links/ricmoo.txt",
-    "./links/specs.txt",
-    "./links/wiki.txt",
-    extraLinks
-  ],
-
-  // Extra files to copy over to the /static folder
-  staticFiles: [
-    "logo.svg",
-    "social.jpg"
-  ]
-};
--- a/docs.wrm/contributing.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/contributing.wrm
@ -1,123 +1,223 @@
-_section: Contributions and Hacking @<about-contrib> @priority<-90>
+_section: Contributing and Hacking @<contributing>

-Pull requests are welcome, but please keep the following in mind:
+The ethers.js library is something that I've written out of necessity,
+and has grown somewhat organically over time.

- Backwards-compatibility-breaking changes will not be accepted;
-  they may be considered for the next major version
- Security is important; adding dependencies require fairly
-  convincing arguments as to why
- The library aims to be lean, so keep an eye on the
-  ``dist/ethers.min.js`` file size before and after your
-  changes (the ``build-clean`` target includes these stats)
- Keep the PR simple, readable and confined to the relevant
-  files; see below for which files to change
+Many things are the way they are for good (at the time, at least) reasons,
+but I always welcome criticism, and am completely willing to have my mind
+changed on things.
+
+Pull requests are always welcome, but please keep a few points in mind:
+
+- Backwards-compatibility-breaking changes will not be accepted; they may be
+  considered for the next major version
+- Security is important; adding dependencies require fairly convincing
+  arguments as to why
+- The library aims to be lean, so keep an eye on the dist/ethers.min.js
+  file size before and after your changes
+- Keep the PR simple and readable; only modify files in the ``docs.wrm/``
+  and ``packages/*/src.ts/`` folders, as this allows the changes to be easily
+  verified
 - Add test cases for both expected and unexpected input
- Any new features need to be supported by me (future issues,
-  documentation, testing, migration), so anything that is
-  overly complicated or specific may not be accepted
- Everyone is working hard; **be kind and respectful**
+- Any new features need to be supported by me (future issues, documentation,
+  testing, migration), so anything that is overly complicated or specific
+  may not be accepted

-It is always //highly recommended// that you open a [[link-discussion]]
-**before** beginning a PR.
+In general, **please start an issue //before// beginning a pull request**, so we can
+have a public discussion and figure out the best way to address the problem/feature.
+**:)**


-_subsection: Documentation  @<about-contrib-docs>
+_subsection: Building @<contributing--building>

-The documentation is an area which can always benefit from extra
-eyes, extra knowledge and extra examples.
+The build process for ethers is unfortunately not super trivial, but
+I have attempted to make it as straightforward as possible.

-Contributing to the documentation is welcome, but when making
-changes to documentation, please ensure that all changes are
-made **only** to:
+It is a mono-repo which attempts to be compatibile with a large
+number of environments, build tools and platforms, which is why
+there are some weird things it must do.

- Updating ``/docs.wrm/*\*.wrm``
- Adding links: ``/docs.wrm/links/*.txt``
- Updating API jsdocs: ``/*\* ... */`` comment blocks within ``/src.ts/``
+There are several custom scripts in the ``misc/admin`` folder
+to help manage the monorepo. Developers working on contributing
+to ethers should not generally need to worry about those, since
+they are wrapped up behind ``npm run SCRIPT`` operations.

-Generally changes to ``/docs.wrm/config.wrm`` should not be
-made, and if you feel it is necessary, please consider opening
-a [[link-discussion]] first.
+_code: Installing @lang<shell>

-Similarly, when adding a new sections, a [[link-discussion]] is
-preferred.
+# Clone the repository
+/home/ricmoo> git clone https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js.git

-All changes should be in the Flatworm Markdown Dialect.
+/home/ricmoo> cd ethers.js

-_heading: Building the Documentation
+# Install all dependencies:
+# - Hoists all sub-package dependencies in the package.json (preinstall)
+# - Installs all the (hoisted) dependencies and devDependencies (install)
+# - Build the rat-nests (in .package_node_modules) (postinstall)
+# - Create a dependency graph for the TypeScript (postinstall)
+# - Link the rat-nets into each project (postinstall)
+/home/ricmoo/ethers.js> npm install

-Currently, the documentation is built using an experimental v2 of the
-Flatworm documentation system, a system originally specifically made
-to maintain the Ethers documentation.
+_heading: Making Changes @<contributing--updating>

-The new ``tsdocs`` branch has the ability to parse ``jsdocs`` from
-from TypeScript source files to create an API reference.
+Once your environment is set up, you should be able to simply
+start the ``auto-build`` feature, and make changes to the
+TypeScript source.

-_code: Building with the v2 Flatworm @lang<shell>
+_code: Watching and Building @lang<shell>

-  # Clone the repo
-  /home/ricmoo> git clone https://github.com/ricmoo/flatworm.git
-  /home/ricmoo> cd flatworm
+# Begin watching the files and re-building whenever they change
+/home/ricmoo/ethers.js> npm run auto-build

-  # Check out the tsdocs branch
-  /home/ricmoo/flatworm> git checkout tsdocs
+# Or if you do not want to watch and just build
+/home/ricmoo/ethers.js> npm run build

-  # Install the necessary dependencies
-  /home/ricmoo/flatworm> npm install
+_heading: Creating Browser-Ready Files

-  # Ready to build the docs; output to a folder ./output/
-  /home/ricmoo/flatworm> node lib/cli-test PATH_TO_WRM_ROOT
+To create files for use directly in a browser, the distribution
+files (located in ``packages/ethers/dist``) need to be built
+which requires several intermediate builds, scripts and for
+various rollup scripts to execute.

-Eventually the code for the v2 branch will be cleaned up, and it
-will be much easier to include as a ``devDependency`` for Ethers.
+_code: Building Distribution Files @lang<shell>

-In the meantime, expect new changes to be made frequently to the
-``tsdocs`` branch, so for stability you may wish to checkout a
-specific hash.
+# If you need to rebuild all the libs (esm + cjs) and dist files
+# Note: this requires node 10 or newer
+/home/ricmoo/ethers.js> npm run build-all
+
+_heading: Testing
+
+_code: Testing @lang<shell>
+
+# Rebuilds all files (npm run build-all) and bundles testcases up for testing
+/home/ricmoo/ethers.js> npm test
+
+# Often you don't need the full CI experience
+/home/ricmoo/ethers.js> npm run test-node
+
+_heading: Distribution
+
+Most developers should not ever require this step, but for people
+forking ethers and creating alternates (for example if you have
+a non-EVM compatible chain but are trying to reuse this package).
+
+This script will rebuild the entire ethers project, compare it
+against npm, re-write package versions, update internal hashes,
+re-write various TypeScript files (to get around some ES+TS
+limitations for Tree Shaking and linking), re-write map files,
+bundle stripped versions of dependencies and basically just a
+whole bunch of stuff.
+
+If you use this and get stuck, [message me](link-mail).
+
+_code: Preparing the Distribution @lang<shell>
+
+# Prepare all the distribution files
+# - Remove all generated files (i.e. npm run clean)
+# - Re-install all dependencies, hoisting, etc. (npm install)
+# - Spell check all strings in every TypeScript file
+# - Build everything from scratch with this clean install
+# - Compare local with npm, bumping the version if changed
+# - Build everything again (with the updated versions)
+# - Update the CHANGELOG.md with the git history since the last change
+/home/ricmoo/ethers.js> npm run update-version
+
+_note: Do NOT check in dist files in a PR
+
+For Pull Requests, please ONLY commit files in the ``docs.wrm/`` and
+``packages/*/src.ts/`` folders. I will prepare the distribution builds
+myself and keeping the PR relevant makes it easier to verify the changes.
+
+_heading: Publishing
+
+Again, this should not be necessary for most developers. This step
+requires using the ``misc/admin/cmds/config-set`` script for a number
+of values, including private keys, NPM session keys, AWS access keys,
+GitHub API tokens, etc.
+
+The config file is encrypted with about 30 seconds of scrypt password-based
+key derivation function, so brute-forcing the file is quite expensive.
+
+The config file also contains a plain-text mnemonic. This is a money-pot.
+Place a tempting amount of ether or Bitcoin on this account and set up an
+e-mail alert for this account.
+
+If any attacker happens across your encrypted config, they will have instant
+access to the plain-text mnemonic, so they have the option to immediately
+steal the ether (i.e. the responsible-disclosure bond).
+
+If you ever see this ether taken, your encrypted file is compromised! Rotate
+all your AWS keys, NPM session keys, etc. immedately.
+
+@TODO: document all the keys that need to be set for each step
+
+_code: Preparing the Distribution @lang<shell>
+
+# Publish
+# - Update any changed packages to NPM
+# - Create a release on GitHub with the latest CHANGELOG.md description
+# - Upload the bundled files the the CDN
+# - Flush the CDN edge caches
+/home/ricmoo/ethers.js> npm run publish-all


-_subsection: Fixing Bugs  @<about-contrib-bugs>
+_subsection: Documentation @<contributing--documentation>

-In general the **only** files you should ever include in a PR are:
+The documents are generated using [Flatworm](flatworm) documentation
+generation tool, which was written for the purpose of writing the documentation
+for ethers.

- TypeScript source: ``/src.ts/*\*.ts``
+Style Guide (this section will have much more coming):

-Do not include a ``package.json`` with the updated ``tarballHash``
-or ``version``, and do not include any generated files in your PR.
-
-A bug fix **must not** modify anything requiring a minor version
-bump (see [[about-contrib-feature]]), such as changing a method
-signature or altering the exports.
+- Try to keep lines no longer than //around// 80 characters
+- Avoid inline links in the source; use the ``externalLinks`` field in the config.js
+- Prefix external links with ``link-``
+- Changing an anchor name must be well justified, as it will break all existing links
+  to that section; flatworm will support symlinks in the future
+- In general, I aim for consistency; look to similar situations throughout the documentation


-_subsection: Adding Features  @<about-contrib-feature>
+_heading: Building

-Contributing new features usually require a deeper understanding
-of the internal interactions with Ethers and its components, and
-generally requires a minor version bump.
+To build the documentation, you should first follow the
+[above steps](contributing--building) to build the ethers library.

-When making any of the following changes, you must first open a
-[[link-discussion]] as the minor version will need to be bumped.
+Building the docs will generate several types of output:

- any signature change (such as adding a parameter, changing a
-  parameter type, changing the return type)
- adding any new export; such as a class, function or constants
- adding any method to any class
- changing any ``exports`` property within the ``package.json``
+- A full set of HTML pages, linking across each other
+- A single one-page HTML page with all pages linking to local anchors
+- A full set of README.md pages organized to be browsable and linkable in GitHub
+- A metadata dump for tool ingestion (still needs more work)
+- (@TODO; only half done) The documentation as a LaTeX and generated PDF

-Changes of this sort should not be made without serious consideration
-and discussion.
+_code: Building the Documentations @lang<shell>
+
+/home/ricmoo/ethers.js> npm run build-docs


-_subsection: Building  @<building>
+_heading: Evaluation

-_code: @lang<shell>
-  /home/ricmoo> git clone @TODO
-  /home/ricmoo> cd ethers
-  /home/ricmoo/ethers> npm install
-  /home/ricmoo/ethers> npm run auto-build
+When building the documentation, all code samples are run through a JavaScript
+VM to ensure there are no typos in the example code, as well the exact output
+of results are injected into the output, so there is no need to keep the results
+and code in-sync.

-_null:
+However, this can be a bit of a headache when making many small changes, so to
+build the documentation faster, you can skip the evaluation step, which will
+inject the code directly.
+
+_code: Build docs skipping evaluation @lang<shell>
+
+/home/ricmoo/ethers.js> npm run build-docs -- --skip-eval


-_subsection: Previewing Documentation
+_heading: Previewing Changes

+To preview the changes locally, you can use any standard web server and run
+from the ``/docs/`` folder, or use the built-in web server.
+
+The same caveats as normal web development apply, such flushing browser
+caches after changing (and re-building) the docs.
+
+_code: Running a webserver @lang<shell>
+
+/home/ricmoo/ethers.js> npm run serve-docs
--- a/docs.wrm/cookbook/ens.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/cookbook/ens.wrm
@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-_section: Cookbook: ENS Recipes  @<cookbook-ens>
-
-Here is a collection of short, but useful examples of working with
-ENS entries.
-
-
-_subsection: Get all Text records  @<cookbook-ens-allText>
-
-Here is a short recipe to get all the text records set for an ENS
-name.
-
-It first queries all ``TextChanged`` events on the resovler, and
-uses a MulticallProvider to batch all the ``eth_call`` queries
-for each key into a single ``eth_call``. As such, you will need
-to install:
-
-``/home/ricmoo> npm install @ethers-ext/provider-multicall``
-
-
-_code: Fetching all ENS text records.  @lang<script>
-
-import { ethers } from "ethers";
-import { MulticallProvider } from "@ethers-ext/provider-multicall";
-
-async function getTextRecords(_provider, name) {
-  // Prepare a multicall-based provider to batch all the call operations
-  const provider = new MulticallProvider(_provider);
-
-  // Get the resolver for the given name
-  const resolver = await provider.getResolver(name);
-
-  // A contract instance; used filter and parse logs
-  const contract = new ethers.Contract(resolver.address, [
-    "event TextChanged(bytes32 indexed node, string indexed _key, string key)"
-  ], provider);
-
-  // A filter for the given name
-  const filter = contract.filters.TextChanged(ethers.namehash(name));
-
-  // Get the matching logs
-  const logs = await contract.queryFilter(filter);
-
-  // Filter the *unique* keys
-  const keys = [ ...(new Set(logs.map((log) => log.args.key))) ];
-
-  // Get the values for the keys; failures are discarded
-  const values = await Promise.all(keys.map((key) => {
-      try {
-          return resolver.getText(key);
-      } catch (error) { }
-      return null;
-  }));
-
-  // Return a Map of the key/value pairs
-  return keys.reduce((accum, key, index) => {
-      const value = values[index];
-      if (value != null) { accum.set(key, value); }
-      return accum;
-  }, new Map());
-}
-
-// Example usage
-(async function() {
-  const provider = new ethers.InfuraProvider();
-  console.log(await getTextRecords(provider, "ricmoo.eth"));
-})();
--- a/docs.wrm/cookbook/index.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/cookbook/index.wrm
@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
-_section: Cookbook @<cookbook>
+_section: Cookbook

-A growing collection of code snippets for common problems and use cases
-when developing dapps and other blockchain tools.
+A collection (that will grow over time) of common, simple
+snippets of code that are in general useful.
+
+_toc:
+
+  react-native
+  transactions

- [Signing Messages and Data](cookbook-signing)
- [React Native Performance](cookbook-react-native)
--- a/docs.wrm/cookbook/react-native.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/cookbook/react-native.wrm
@ -1,36 +1,60 @@
-_section: React Native  @<cookbook-react-native>
+_section: React Native (and ilk) @<cookbook-reactnative>

-When using React Native, many of the built-in cryptographic primitives
-can be replaced by native, substantially faster implementations.
+The [[link-react-native]] framework has become quite popular and
+has many popular forks, such as [[link-expo]].

-This should be available in its own package in the future, but for now
-this is highly recommended, and requires installing the
-[[link-npm-react-native-quick-crypto]] package.
+React Native is based on [[link-javascriptcore]] (part of WebKit) and
+does not use Node.js or the common Web and DOM APIs. As such,
+there are many operations missing that a normal web environment
+or Node.js instance would provide.
+
+For this reason, there is a [[link-npm-ethersproject-shims]] module
+provided to fill in the holes.


-_code:
+_subsection: Installing @<cookbook-reactnative-shims>

+To use ethers in React Native, you must either provide shims for the needed
+missing functionality, or use the ethers.js shim.
+
+It is **HIGHLY RECOMMENDED** you check out the [security section](cookbook-reactnative-security)
+below for instructions on installing packages which can affect the security
+of your application.
+
+After installing packages, you may need to restart your packager and company.
+
+_code: Installing @lang<shell>
+
+/home/ricmoo/my-react-project> npm install @ethersproject/shims --save
+
+_code: Importing @lang<script>
+
+// Pull in the shims (BEFORE importing ethers)
+import "@ethersproject/shims"
+
+// Import the ethers library
 import { ethers } from "ethers";

-import crypto from "react-native-quick-crypto";

-ethers.randomBytes.register((length) => {
-  return new Uint8Array(crypto.randomBytes(length));
-});
+_subsection: Security @<cookbook-reactnative-security>

-ethers.computeHmac.register((algo, key, data) => {
-    return crypto.createHmac(algo, key).update(data).digest();
-});
+The React Native environment does not contain a secure random source, which
+is used when computing random private keys. This could result in private
+keys that others could possibly guess, allowing funds to be stolen and assets
+manipulated.

-ethers.pbkdf2.register((passwd, salt, iter, keylen, algo) => {
-  return crypto.pbkdf2Sync(passwd, salt, iter, keylen, algo);
-});
+For this reason, it is **HIGHLY RECOMMENDED** to also install the
+[[link-npm-react-native-get-random-values]], which **must** be included
+before the shims. If it worked correctly you should not receive any
+warning in the console regarding missing secure random sources.

-ethers.sha256.register((data) => {
-  return crypto.createHash('sha256').update(data).digest();
-});
+_code: Importing with Secure Random Sources @lang<script>

-ethers.sha512.register((data) => {
-  return crypto.createHash('sha512').update(data).digest();
-});
+// Import the crypto getRandomValues shim (**BEFORE** the shims)
+import "react-native-get-random-values"

+// Import the the ethers shims (**BEFORE** ethers)
+import "@ethersproject/shims"
+
+// Import the ethers library
+import { ethers } from "ethers";
--- a/docs.wrm/cookbook/signing.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/cookbook/signing.wrm
@ -1,273 +0,0 @@
-_section: Signing  @<cookbook-signing>
-
-Signing content and providing the content and signature to a
-Contract allows on-chain validation that a signer has access
-to the private key of a specific address.
-
-The ecrecover algorithm allows the public key to be determined
-given some message digest and the signature generated by the
-private key for that digest. From the public key, the address
-can then be computed.
-
-How a digest is derived depends on the type of data being
-signed and a variety of encoding formats are employed. Each
-format is designed to ensure that they do not collide, so for
-example, a user **cannot** be tricked into signing a message
-which is actually a valid transaction.
-
-For this reason, most APIs in Ethereum do not permit signing a
-raw digest, and instead require a separate API for each format
-type and require the related data be specified, protecting the
-user from accidentally authorizing an action they didn't intend.
-
-_subsection: Messages  @<cookbook-signing-messages>
-
-A signed message can be any data, but it is generally recommended
-to use human-readable text, as this is easier for a user to
-verify visually.
-
-This technique could be used, for example, to sign into a service
-by using the text ``"I am signing into ethers.org on 2023-06-04 12:57pm"``.
-The user can then see the message in MetaMask or on a Ledger
-Hardware Wallet and accept that they wish to sign the message which
-the site can then authenticate them with. By providing a timestamp
-the site can ensure that an older signed message cannot be used again
-in the future.
-
-The format that is signed uses [[link-eip-191]] with the
-**personal sign** version code (``0x45``, or ``"E"``).
-
-For those interested in the choice of this prefix, signed messages
-began as a Bitcoin feature, which used ``"\\x18Bitcoin Signed Message:\\n"``,
-which was a Bitcoin var-int length-prefixed string (as ``0x18`` is 24,
-the length of ``"Bitcoin Signed Message:\\n"``.). When Ethereum adopted
-the similar feature, the relevant string was ``"\\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\\n"``.
-
-In one of the most brilliant instances of technical retcon-ing,
-since 0x19 is invalid as the first byte of a transaction (in [[link-rlp]] it
-indicates a single byte of value 25), the initial byte ``\\x19`` has
-now been adopted as a prefix for //some sort of signed data//,
-where the second byte determines how to interpret that data. If the
-second byte is 69 (the letter ``"E"``, as in
-``"Ethereum Signed Message:\\n"``), then the format is a
-the above prefixed message format.
-
-So, all existing messages, tools and instances using the signed
-message format were already EIP-191 compliant, long before the
-standard existed or was even conceived and allowed for an extensible
-format for future formats (of which there now a few).
-
-Anyways, the necessary JavaScript and Solidity are provided below.
-
-_code: JavaScript  @lang<javascript>
-
-// The contract below is deployed to Sepolia at this address
-contractAddress = "0xf554DA5e35b2e40C09DDB481545A395da1736513";
-contract = new Contract(contractAddress, [
-  "function recoverStringFromCompact(string message, (bytes32 r, bytes32 yParityAndS) sig) pure returns (address)",
-  "function recoverStringFromExpanded(string message, (uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) sig) pure returns (address)",
-  "function recoverStringFromVRS(string message, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) pure returns (address)",
-  "function recoverStringFromRaw(string message, bytes sig) pure returns (address)",
-  "function recoverHashFromCompact(bytes32 hash, (bytes32 r, bytes32 yParityAndS) sig) pure returns (address)"
-], new ethers.InfuraProvider("sepolia"));
-
-// The Signer; it does not need to be connected to a Provider to sign
-signer = new Wallet(id("foobar"));
-signer.address
-//_result:
-
-// Our message
-message = "Hello World";
-
-// The raw signature; 65 bytes
-rawSig = await signer.signMessage(message);
-//_result:
-
-// Converting it to a Signature object provides more
-// flexibility, such as using it as a struct
-sig = Signature.from(rawSig);
-//_result:
-
-
-// If the signature matches the EIP-2098 format, a Signature
-// can be passed as the struct value directly, since the
-// parser will pull out the matching struct keys from sig.
-await contract.recoverStringFromCompact(message, sig);
-//_result:
-
-// Likewise, if the struct keys match an expanded signature
-// struct, it can also be passed as the struct value directly.
-await contract.recoverStringFromExpanded(message, sig);
-//_result:
-
-// If using an older API which requires the v, r and s be passed
-// separately, those members are present on the Signature.
-await contract.recoverStringFromVRS(message, sig.v, sig.r, sig.s);
-//_result:
-
-// Or if using an API that expects a raw signature.
-await contract.recoverStringFromRaw(message, rawSig);
-//_result:
-
-// Note: The above recovered addresses matches the signer address
-
-_null:
-
-The Solidity Contract has been deployed and verified on
-the Sepolia testnet at the address
-[0xf554DA5e35b2e40C09DDB481545A395da1736513](link-sol-recovermessage).
-
-It provides a variety of examples using various Signature
-encodings and formats, to recover the address for an [[link-eip-191]]
-signed message.
-
-_code: Solidity @lang<solidity>
-
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-// For more info, see: https://docs.ethers.org
-
-
-pragma solidity ^0.8.21;
-
-// Returns the decimal string representation of value
-function itoa(uint value) pure returns (string memory) {
-
-  // Count the length of the decimal string representation
-  uint length = 1;
-  uint v = value;
-  while ((v /= 10) != 0) { length++; }
-
-  // Allocated enough bytes
-  bytes memory result = new bytes(length);
-
-  // Place each ASCII string character in the string,
-  // right to left
-  while (true) {
-    length--;
-
-    // The ASCII value of the modulo 10 value
-    result[length] = bytes1(uint8(0x30 + (value % 10)));
-
-    value /= 10;
-
-    if (length == 0) { break; }
-  }
-
-  return string(result);
-}
-
-contract RecoverMessage {
-
-  // This is the EIP-2098 compact representation, which reduces gas costs
-  struct SignatureCompact {
-    bytes32 r;
-    bytes32 yParityAndS;
-  }
-
-  // This is an expaned Signature representation
-  struct SignatureExpanded {
-      uint8 v;
-      bytes32 r;
-      bytes32 s;
-  }
-
-  // Helper function
-  function _ecrecover(string memory message, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) internal pure returns (address) {
-    // Compute the EIP-191 prefixed message
-    bytes memory prefixedMessage = abi.encodePacked(
-      "\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n",
-      itoa(bytes(message).length),
-      message
-    );
-
-    // Compute the message digest
-    bytes32 digest = keccak256(prefixedMessage);
-
-    // Use the native ecrecover provided by the EVM
-    return ecrecover(digest, v, r, s);
-  }
-
-  // Recover the address from an EIP-2098 compact Signature, which packs the bit for
-  // v into an unused bit within s, which saves gas overall, costing a little extra
-  // in computation, but saves far more in calldata length.
-  //
-  // This Signature format is 64 bytes in length.
-  function recoverStringFromCompact(string calldata message, SignatureCompact calldata sig) public pure returns (address) {
-
-      // Decompose the EIP-2098 signature (the struct is 64 bytes in length)
-      uint8 v = 27 + uint8(uint256(sig.yParityAndS) >> 255);
-      bytes32 s = bytes32((uint256(sig.yParityAndS) << 1) >> 1);
-
-      return _ecrecover(message, v, sig.r, s);
-  }
-
-  // Recover the address from the expanded Signature struct.
-  //
-  // This Signature format is 96 bytes in length.
-  function recoverStringFromExpanded(string calldata message, SignatureExpanded calldata sig) public pure returns (address) {
-
-      // The v, r and s are included directly within the struct, which is 96 bytes in length
-      return _ecrecover(message, sig.v, sig.r, sig.s);
-  }
-
-  // Recover the address from a v, r and s passed directly into the method.
-  //
-  // This Signature format is 96 bytes in length.
-  function recoverStringFromVRS(string calldata message, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) public pure returns (address) {
-
-      // The v, r and s are included directly within the struct, which is 96 bytes in length
-      return _ecrecover(message, v, r, s);
-  }
-
-  // Recover the address from a raw signature. The signature is 65 bytes, which when
-  // ABI encoded is 160 bytes long (a pointer, a length and the padded 3 words of data).
-  //
-  // When using raw signatures, some tools return the v as 0 or 1. In this case you must
-  // add 27 to that value as v must be either 27 or 28.
-  //
-  // This Signature format is 65 bytes of data, but when ABI encoded is 160 bytes in length; 
-  // a pointer (32 bytes), a length (32 bytes) and the padded 3 words of data (96 bytes).
-  function recoverStringFromRaw(string calldata message, bytes calldata sig) public pure returns (address) {
-
-    // Sanity check before using assembly
-    require(sig.length == 65, "invalid signature");
-
-    // Decompose the raw signature into r, s and v (note the order)
-    uint8 v;
-    bytes32 r;
-    bytes32 s;
-    assembly {
-      r := calldataload(sig.offset)
-      s := calldataload(add(sig.offset, 0x20))
-      v := calldataload(add(sig.offset, 0x21))
-    }
-
-    return _ecrecover(message, v, r, s);
-  }
-
-  // This is provided as a quick example for those that only need to recover a signature
-  // for a signed hash (highly discouraged; but common), which means we can hardcode the
-  // length in the prefix. This means we can drop the itoa and _ecrecover functions above.
-  function recoverHashFromCompact(bytes32 hash, SignatureCompact calldata sig) public pure returns (address) {
-    bytes memory prefixedMessage = abi.encodePacked(
-      // Notice the length of the message is hard-coded to 32
-      // here -----------------------v
-      "\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n32",
-      hash
-    );
-
-    bytes32 digest = keccak256(prefixedMessage);
-
-    // Decompose the EIP-2098 signature
-    uint8 v = 27 + uint8(uint256(sig.yParityAndS) >> 255);
-    bytes32 s = bytes32((uint256(sig.yParityAndS) << 1) >> 1);
-
-    return ecrecover(digest, v, sig.r, s);
-  }
-}
-
-
-_subsection: EIP-712 Typed Data  @<cookbook-signing-eip712>
-
-//Coming soon...//
--- a/docs.wrm/cookbook/transactions.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/cookbook/transactions.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+_section: Transactions @<cookbook--transactions>
+
+_subsection: Compute the raw transaction @<cookbook--compute-raw-transaction>
+
+_code: @lang<javascript>
+
+function getRawTransaction(tx) {
+  function addKey(accum, key) {
+    if (tx[key]) { accum[key] = tx[key]; }
+    return accum;
+  }
+
+  // Extract the relevant parts of the transaction and signature
+  const txFields = "accessList chainId data gasPrice gasLimit maxFeePerGas maxPriorityFeePerGas nonce to type value".split(" ");
+  const sigFields = "v r s".split(" ");
+
+  // Serialze the signed transaction
+  const raw = utils.serializeTransaction(txFields.reduce(addKey, { }), sigFields.reduce(addKey, { }));
+
+  // Double check things went well
+  if (utils.keccak256(raw) !== tx.hash) { throw new Error("serializing failed!"); }
+
+  return raw;
+}
--- a/docs.wrm/documentation.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/documentation.wrm
@ -0,0 +1,476 @@
+_section: Flatworm Docs @<flatworm>
+
+The //Flatworm Docs// rendering engine is designed to be **very**
+simple, but provide enough formatting necessary for documenting
+JavaScript libraries.
+
+A lot of its inspiration came from [Read the Docs](link-rtd) and
+the [Sphinx](link-sphinx) project.
+
+
+_subsection: Fragments @<flatworm-fragments>
+
+Each page is made up of fragments. A fragment is a [directive](flatworm-directive),
+with an value and optional //link//, //extensions// and a body.
+
+Many directives support [markdown](flatworm-markdown) in their value and body.
+
+A fragment's body continues until another fragment is encountered.
+
+
+_heading: Directive Format
+
+_code: @lang<text>
+
+\_DIRECTIVE: VALUE @<LINK> @EXTENSION<PARAMETER>
+BODY
+
+MORE BODY
+
+DIRECTIVE:  The directive name
+VALUE:      Optional; the value to pass to the directive
+LINK:       Optional; a name for internal linking
+EXTENSION:  Optional; extended directive functionality
+PARAMETER:  Optional; value to pass to extended directive functions
+BODY:       Optional; the directive body (certain directives only)
+
+
+_heading: Flatworm Directives @<flatworm-directive>
+
+_definition: **_section:** //TITLE//
+A //section// has its **TITLE** in an H1 font. Sections are linked
+to in //Table of Contents// and have a dividing line drawn above
+them.
+
+The body supports markdown.
+
+There should only be one ``_section:`` per page.
+
+**Extensions:** [@inherit](flatworm--ext-inherit), [@src](flatworm--ext-src), [@nav](flatworm--ext-nav), [@note](flatworm--ext-note)
+
+_definition: **_subsection:** //TITLE//
+A //subsection// has its **TITLE** in an H2 font. Subsections are linked
+to in //Table of Contents// and have a dividing line drawn above
+them.
+
+The title and body support markdown.
+
+**Extensions:** [@inherit](flatworm--ext-inherit), [@src](flatworm--ext-src), [@note](flatworm--ext-note)
+
+_definition: **_heading:** //TITLE//
+A //heading// has its **TITLE** in an H3 font.
+
+The title and body support markdown.
+
+**Extensions:** [@inherit](flatworm--ext-inherit), [@src](flatworm--ext-src), [@note](flatworm--ext-note)
+
+_definition: **_definition:** //TERM//
+A //definition// has its **TERM** in normal text and the body is
+indented.
+
+The title and body support markdown.
+
+_definition: **_property:** //SIGNATURE//
+A //property// has its JavaScript **SIGNATURE** formatted.
+
+The body supports markdown and the return portion of the signature
+support markdown links.
+
+**Extensions:** [@src](flatworm--ext-src)
+
+_definition: **_note:** //BANNER//
+A //note// is placed in a blue bordered-box to draw attention to it.
+
+The body supports markdown.
+
+_definition: **_warning:** //BANNER//
+A //warning// is placed in an orange bordered-box to draw attention to it.
+
+The body supports markdown.
+
+_definition: **_code:** //CAPTION//
+Creates a [Code](flatworm--code) block.
+
+The body does **not** support markdown, and will be output exactly as
+is, with the exception of [Code Evaluation](flatworm--code-eval).
+
+If a line begins with a ``"_"``, it should be escaped with a ``"\\"``.
+
+**Extensions:** [@lang](flatworm--ext-lang)
+
+_definition: **_table:** //FOOTER//
+
+Creates a [Table](flatworm--table) structured according to the body.
+
+Each cell contents supports markdown and variables supports markdown.
+
+**Extensions:** [@style](flatworm--ext-style)
+
+_definition: **_toc:**
+A //toc// injects a Table of Contents, loading each line of the
+body as a filename and recursively loads the //toc// if present,
+otherwise all the //sections// and //subsections//.
+
+The body does **not** support markdown, as it is interpreted as
+a list of files and directories to process.
+
+_definition: **_null:**
+A //null// is used to terminated a directive. For example, after
+a //definition//, the bodies are indented, so a //null// can be
+used to reset the indentation.
+
+The body supports markdown.
+
+_code: Example @lang<text>
+
+\_section: Hello World @<link-main>
+Body for section...
+
+
+\_subsection: Some Example @<link-secondary>
+Body for subsection...
+
+
+\_heading: Large Bold Text @<link-here>
+Body for heading...
+
+
+\_definition: Flatworm
+A phylum of relatively **simple** bilaterian, unsegmented,
+soft-bodied invertebrates.
+
+
+\_property: String.fromCharCode(code) => string
+Returns a string created from //code//, a sequence of
+UTF-16 code units.
+
+
+\_code: heading
+
+// Some code goes here
+while(1);
+
+
+\_table: Table Footer
+
+|  **Name**  |  **Color**  |
+|   Apple    |   Red       |
+|   Banana   |   Yellow    |
+|   Grape    |   Purple    |
+
+
+\_toc:
+    some-file
+    some-directory
+
+
+\_note: Title
+This is placed in a blue box.
+
+
+\_warning: Title
+This is placed in an orange box.
+
+
+\_null:
+This breaks out of a directive. For example, to end
+a ``_note:`` or ``_code:``.
+
+
+_subsection: Markdown @<flatworm-markdown>
+
+The markdown is simple and does not have the flexibility of
+other dialects, but allows for **bold**, //italic//,
+__underlined__, ``monospaced``, super^^script^^ and ~~strike~~
+text, supporting [links](flatworm-markdown) and lists.
+
+Lists are rendered as blocks of a body, so cannot be used within
+a title or within another list.
+
+_code: @lang<text>
+
+**bold text**
+
+//italic text//
+
+__underlined text__
+
+``monospace code``
+
+^^superscript text^^
+
+~~strikeout text~~
+
+- This is a list
+- With bullet points
+- With a total of three items
+
+This is a [Link to Ethereum](https://ethereum.org) and this
+is an [Internal Link](some-link).
+
+This is a self-titled link [[https://ethereumorg]] and this
+[[some-link]] will use the title from its directives value.
+
+
+_subsection: Code @<flatworm--code>
+
+The code directive creates a monospace, contained block useful
+for displaying code samples.
+
+_heading: JavaScript Evaluation @<flatworm--code-eval>
+
+For JavaScript files, the file is transpiled and executed in a VM,
+allowiung output (or exceptions) of blocks to be included in the
+fragment output.
+
+The entire **code fragment** source is included in an async IIFE,
+whick means ``await`` is allowed, and several special comment
+directives are allowed.
+
+A ``/\/_hide:`` will include any following code directly into the
+output, but will not include it in the generated output for the fragment.
+
+A ``/\/_log:`` will include the value of any following expression in the
+output, prefixed with a ``/\/ ``. Renderers will mark output in different
+style if possible.
+
+A ``/\/_result:`` will begin a block, assigning the contents to ``_``. The
+block can be ended with a ``/\/_log:`` or ``/\/_null:``, if no value is given
+to log, then ``_`` is assumed. If an error occurs, generation fails.
+
+A ``/\/_throws:`` will begin a block, which is expected to throw assigning
+the error to ``_``. The block can be ended with a ``/\/_log:`` or ``/\/_null:``,
+if no value is given to log, then ``_`` is assumed. If an error do not occur,
+generation fails.
+
+_code: Code Evaluation Example @lang<text>
+
+\_code: Result of Code Example  @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const url = require("url");
+
+//_result:
+url.parse("https://www.ricmoo.com/").protocol
+//_log:
+
+//_throws:
+url.parse(45)
+//_log:
+
+// You want to assign (doesn't emit eval) AND display the value
+const foo = 4 + 5;
+//_log: foo
+
+
+_code: Result of Code Example  @lang<javascript>
+
+//_hide: const url = require("url");
+
+//_result:
+url.parse("https://www.ricmoo.com/").protocol
+//_log:
+
+//_throws:
+url.parse(45)
+//_log:
+
+// You want to assign (doesn't emit eval) AND display the value
+const foo = 4 + 5;
+//_log: foo
+
+
+_heading: Languages
+
+The language can be specified using the [@lang extension](flatworm--ext-lang).
+
+_table:
+
+|  **Language**  |                             **Notes**                                    |
+|   javascript   | Syntax highlights and [evaluates](flatworm--code-eval) the JavaScript    |
+|   script       | Same as ``javascript``, but does not evaluate the results                |
+|   shell        | Shell scripts or command-line                                            |
+|   text         | Plain text with no syntax highlighting                                   |
+
+_subsection: Tables @<flatworm--table>
+
+The table directive consumes the entire body up until the next
+directive. To terminate a table early to begin a text block,
+use a **_null:** directive.
+
+Each line of the body should be [Row Data](flatworm--table-row) or a
+[Variable Declaration](flatworm--table-variable) (or continuation of
+a //Variable Declaration//). Blank lines are ignored.
+
+_heading: Row Data @<flatworm--table-row>
+
+Each **Row Data** line must begin and end with a **``"|"``**, with each
+gap representing the cell data, [alignment](flatworm--table-alignment)
+with optional [column and row spanning](flatworm--table-spanning).
+
+
+_heading: Alignment @<flatworm--table-alignment>
+
+The alignment for a cell is determined by the whitespace surrounding the
+cell data.
+
+_table: Alignment Conditions (higher precedence listed first)
+
+|   **Alignment**   |                    **Whitespace**                     |
+|    //Left//       | 1 or fewer spaces before the content                  |
+|    //Right//      | 1 or fewer spaces after the content                   |
+|    //Center//     | 2 or more space **both** before and after the content |
+
+
+_code: Alignment Example @lang<text>
+
+\_table: Result of Alignment Example @style<compact>
+
+|   center    |
+
+| left        |
+|left         |
+
+|       right |
+|        right|
+
+_table: Result of Alignment Example @style<compact>
+
+|   center    |
+
+| left        |
+|left         |
+
+|       right |
+|        right|
+
+
+_heading: Row and Column Spanning @<flatworm--table-spanning>
+
+A column may end its content with any number of **``"<"``** which indicates
+how many //additional// columns to extend into.
+
+If the cell content contains only a **``"^"``**, then the row above is
+extended into this cell (into the same number of columns).
+
+_code: Cell Spanning Example @lang<text>
+
+\_table: Result of Cell Spanning Example @style<compact>
+
+|  (1x1)  |  (1x2)      <|  (2x1)  |
+|  (2x2)      <|  (2x1)  |    ^    |
+|    ^         |    ^    |  (1x1)  |
+
+_table: Result of Cell Spanning Example @style<compact>
+
+|  (1x1)  |  (1x2)      <|  (2x1)  |
+|  (2x2)      <|  (2x1)  |    ^    |
+|    ^         |    ^    |  (1x1)  |
+
+
+_heading: Styles  @<flatworm--table-style>
+
+The [@style extension](flatworm--ext-style) for a table can be used to control its
+appearance.
+
+_table:
+
+|   **Name**    |    **Width**    |  **Columns**       |
+|  //minimal//  |   minimum size  |    best fit        |
+|  //compact//  |     40%         |    evenly spaced   |
+|   //wide//    |     67%         |    evenly spaced   |
+|   //full//    |    100%         |    evenly spaced   |
+
+
+_heading: Variables  @<flatworm--table-variable>
+
+Often the layout of a table is easier to express and maintain without
+uneven or changing content within it. So the content can be defined
+separately within a table directive using **variables**. A variable
+name must begin with a letter and must only contain letters and numbers.
+
+Variables are also useful when content is repeated throughout a table.
+
+A variable is declared by starting a line with ``"$NAME:"``, which
+consumes all lines until the next variable declaration or until the
+next table row line.
+
+A variable name must start with a letter and may consist of letters and
+numbers. (i.e. ``/[a-z][a-z0-9]*/i``)
+
+_code: Variables Example @lang<text>
+
+\_table: Result of Variables Example
+
+$Yes:    This option is supported.
+$No:     This option is **not** supported
+$bottom: This just represents an example of
+         what is possible. Notice that variable
+         content can span multiple lines.
+
+|  **Feature**     |  **Supported**  |
+|  Dancing Monkey  |      $Yes       |
+|  Singing Turtle  |      $No        |
+|  Newt Hair       |      $Yes       |
+|        $bottom                    <|
+
+_table: Result of Variables Example
+
+$Yes: This option is supported.
+$No:  This option is **not** supported.
+$bottom: This just represents an example of
+         what is possible. Notice that variable
+         content can span multiple lines.
+
+|  **Feature**     |  **Supported**  |
+|  Dancing Monkey  |      $Yes       |
+|  Singing Turtle  |      $No        |
+|  Newt Hair       |      $Yes       |
+|        $bottom                    <|
+
+
+_subsection: Configuration @<flatworm-config>
+
+Configuration is optional (but highly recommended) and may be either
+a simple JSON file (config.json) or a JS file (config.js) placed in
+the top  of the source folder.
+
+TODO:  example JSON and example JS
+
+
+_subsection: Extensions @<flatworm-extensions>
+
+_heading: @inherit\< //markdown// >  @<flatworm--ext-inherit>
+
+Adds an inherits description to a directive. The //markdown// may contain links.
+
+
+_heading: @lang\< //text// >  @<flatworm--ext-lang>
+
+Set the language a [code directive](flatworm--code) should be
+syntax-highlighted for. If "javascript", the code will be evaluated.
+
+
+_heading: @nav\< //text// >  @<flatworm--ext-nav>
+
+Sets the name in the breadcrumbs when not the current node.
+
+
+_heading: @note\<// markdown// >  @<flatworm--ext-note>
+
+Adds a note to a directive. The //markdown// may contain links. If the directive
+already has an @INHERIT extension, that will be used instead and the @NOTE will
+be ignored.
+
+
+_heading: @src\< //key// >  @<flatworm--ext-src>
+
+Calls the configuration ``getSourceUrl(key, VALUE)`` to get a URL which
+will be linked to by a link next to the //directive//.
+
+This extended directive function requires an advanced ``config.js`` [[flatworm-config]]
+file since it requires a JavaScript function.
+
+
+_heading: @style\< //text// >  @<flatworm--ext-style>
+
+The [Table Style](flatworm--table-style) to use for a table directive.
--- a/docs.wrm/generate-redirects.js
+++ b/docs.wrm/generate-redirects.js
@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+const fs = require("fs");
+const { resolve } = require("path");
+
+const Content = `
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <title>ethers.js - Legacy Documentation</title>
+    <style type="text/css">
+      html {
+        font-family: sans-serif;
+      }
+      h1 {
+        opacity: 0.8;
+      }
+      .content {
+        border: 2px solid #000;
+        border-radius: 7px;
+        box-shadow: 5px 5px 10px #aaa;
+        left: 50%;
+        padding: 20px;
+        position: absolute;
+        text-align: center;
+        transform: translate(-50%, 30px);
+        width: 700px;
+      }
+      .hr {
+        border-top: 1px solid black;
+        margin: 4px 10px 40px;
+      }
+      span.v5 {
+        font-size: 24px;
+        margin-bottom: 40px;
+      }
+      span.v4 {
+        opacity: 0.7;
+      }
+    </style>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <div class="content">
+      <h1>This link is out-of-date <i>and</i> has moved.</h1>
+      <div class="hr"></div>
+      <span class="v5">Click <a id="link-v5" href="%%DEFAULT%%">here</a> to visit the updated documentation</span>
+      <br />
+      <br />
+      <br />
+      <span class="v4">or continue to the historic <a id="link-v4" href="%%LEGACY%%">legacy documentation</a>.</span>
+    </div>
+    <script type="text/javascript">
+      var redirects = %%REDIRECTS%%;
+      var hash = location.hash;
+      if (hash && hash !== "#") {
+        hash = hash.substring(1);
+        var v4 = document.getElementById("link-v4");
+        v4.setAttribute("href", v4.getAttribute("href").split("#")[0] + "#" + hash);
+        var target = redirects[hash];
+        if (target) {
+          var v5 = document.getElementById("link-v5");
+          v5.setAttribute("href", target);
+        }
+      }
+    </script>
+  </body>
+</html>`
+
+const redirects = require("./redirects.json");
+const links = require("../docs/v5/metadata.json").links;
+
+const result = { };
+
+const prefix = "ethers.js/html/";
+Object.keys(redirects).forEach((uri) => {
+    if (uri.substring(0, prefix.length) !== prefix) { return; }
+
+    const comps = uri.substring(prefix.length).split("#");
+    const filename = comps[0];
+    const hash = comps[1] || "_";
+    const tag = redirects[uri];
+
+    let path = null;
+    if (tag.path) {
+        path = tag.path;
+    } else if (tag.tag) {
+        path = links[tag.tag] || null;
+    } else {
+        console.log("Missing tag:", uri);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!path) {
+        console.log("Missing path:", uri);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!result[filename]) { result[filename] = {
+        "_legacy": `/v4/${ filename }`
+    }; }
+    result[filename][hash] = path;
+});
+
+function generateOutput(filename) {
+    const page = result[filename];
+    return Content.replace("%%DEFAULT%%", page._ || "/v5/")
+                  .replace("%%LEGACY%%", page._legacy || "/v4/")
+                  .replace("%%REDIRECTS%%", JSON.stringify(page));
+}
+
+Object.keys(result).forEach((filename) => {
+    const output = generateOutput(filename);
+    const path = resolve(__dirname, "../docs/ethers.js/html", filename);
+    fs.writeFileSync(path, output);
+});
+
--- a/docs.wrm/getting-started.wrm
+++ b/docs.wrm/getting-started.wrm
@ -1,505 +1,350 @@
-_section: Getting Started @<getting-started> @priority<100>
-
-This is a very short introduction to Ethers, but covers many of the
-most common operations that developers require and provides a
-starting point for those newer to Ethereum.
+_section: Getting Started @<getting-started>


-_heading: Getting Ethers
+_subsection: Installing @<installing>

-If using NPM, you must first install Ethers.
+Ethers' various Classes and Functions are available to import
+manually from sub-packages under the [@ethersproject](link-ethers-npm)
+organization but for most projects, the umbrella package is the
+easiest way to get started.

-_code: installing via NPM @lang<shell>
-  # Install ethers
-  /home/ricmoo/test-ethers> npm install ethers
+_code: @lang<shell>

-_null:
+/home/ricmoo> npm install --save ethers

-Everything in Ethers is exported from its root as well as on the ``ethers``
-object. There are also ``exports`` in the ``package.json`` to facilitate
-more fine-grained importing.

-Generally this documentation will presume all exports from ethers
-have been imported in the code examples, but you may import the
-necessary objects in any way you wish.
+_subsection: Importing @<importing>

-_code: importing in Node.js  @lang<script>
-  // Import everything
-  import { ethers } from "ethers";
+_heading: Node.js

-  // Import just a few select items
-  import { BrowserProvider, parseUnits } from "ethers";
+_code: node.js require @lang<script>

-  // Import from a specific export
-  import { HDNodeWallet } from "ethers/wallet";
+const { ethers } = require("ethers");

-_code: importing ESM in a browser  @lang<script>
-  <script type="module">
-    import { ethers } from "https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/ethers/6.7.0/ethers.min.js";
+_code: ES6 or TypeScript @lang<script>
+
+import { ethers } from "ethers";
+
+
+_heading: Web Browser
+
+It is generally better practice (for security reasons) to copy the
+[ethers library](link-ethers-js) to your own webserver and serve it
+yourself.
+
+For quick demos or prototyping though, you can load it in your
+Web Applications from our CDN.
+
+
+_code: ES6 in the Browser @lang<html>
+
+<script type="module">
+    import { ethers } from "https://cdn.ethers.io/lib/ethers-5.2.esm.min.js";
    // Your code here...
-  </script>
+</script>


-_subsection: Some Common Terminology  @<starting-glossary>
+_code: ES3 (UMD) in the Browser @lang<html>

-To begin, it is useful to have a basic understanding of the types of
-objects available and what they are responsible for, at a high level.
+<script src="https://cdn.ethers.io/lib/ethers-5.2.umd.min.js"
+        type="application/javascript"></script>

-_heading: Provider

-A [[Provider]] is a read-only connection to the blockchain, which allows
-querying the blockchain state, such as account, block or transaction details,
-querying event logs or evaluating read-only code using call.
+_subsection: Common Terminology @<getting-started--glossary>

-If you are coming from Web3.js, you are used to a **Provider** offering
-both read and write access. In Ethers, all write operations are further
-abstracted into another Object, the **Signer**.
+This section needs work...

-_heading: Signer
+_table: Common Terms

-A [[Signer]] wraps all operations that interact with an account. An
-account generally has a private key located //somewhere//, which can be
-used to sign a variety of types of payloads.
+$Provider:  A Provider (in ethers) is a class which provides an abstraction
+            for a connection to the Ethereum Network. It provides read-only
+            access to the Blockchain and its status.
+$Signer:    A Signer is a class which (usually) in some way directly or
+            indirectly has access to a private key, which can sign messages
+            and transactions to authorize the network to charge your account
+            ether to perform operations.
+$Contract:  A Contract is an abstraction which represents a connection to a
+            specific contract on the Ethereum Network, so that applications 
+            can use it like a normal JavaScript object.

-The private key may be located in memory (using a [[Wallet]]) or
-protected via some IPC layer, such as MetaMask which proxies interaction
-from a website to a browser plug-in, which keeps the private key out of
-the reach of the website and only permits interaction after requesting
-permission from the user and receiving authorization.

-_heading: Transaction
+| **Provider**     | $Provider      |
+| **Signer**       | $Signer        |
+| **Contract**     | $Contract      |

-To make any state changes to the blockchain, a transaction is required,
-which requires a fee to be paid, where the fee covers the associated costs
-with executing the transaction (such as reading the disk and performing
-maths) and storing the updated information.

-If a transaction reverts, a fee must still be paid, since the validator
-still had to expend resources to try running the transaction to determine
-that it reverted and the details of its failure are still be recorded.
+_subsection: Connecting to Ethereum: MetaMask @<getting-started--connecting>

-Transactions include sending ether from one user to another, deploying
-a **Contract** or executing a state-changing operation against a
-**Contract**.
+The quickest and easiest way to experiment and begin developing on
+Ethereum is to use [[link-metamask]], which is a browser extension
+that provides:

-_heading: Contract
+- A connection to the Ethereum network (a [[Provider]])
+- Holds your private key and can sign things (a [[Signer]])

-A [[Contract]] is a program that has been deployed to the blockchain,
-which includes some code and has allocated storage which it can read
-from and write to.
+_code: Connecting to MetaMask @lang<script>

-It may be read from when it is connected to a [[Provider]] or
-state-changing operations can be called when connected to a [[Signer]].
+// A Web3Provider wraps a standard Web3 provider, which is
+// what MetaMask injects as window.ethereum into each page
+const provider = new ethers.providers.Web3Provider(window.ethereum)

-_heading: Receipt
+// MetaMask requires requesting permission to connect users accounts
+await provider.send("eth_requestAccounts", []);

-Once a **Transaction** has been submitted to the blockchain, it is placed
-in the memory pool (mempool) until a validator decides to include it.
+// The MetaMask plugin also allows signing transactions to
+// send ether and pay to change state within the blockchain.
+// For this, you need the account signer...
+const signer = provider.getSigner()

-A transaction's changes are only made once it has been included in the
-blockchain, at which time a receipt is available, which includes details
-about the transaction, such as which block it was included in, the actual
-fee paid, gas used, all the events that it emitted and whether it was
-successful or reverted.
+_subsection: Connecting to Ethereum: RPC @<getting-started--connecting-rpc>

+The [JSON-RPC API](link-jsonrpc) is another popular method for interacting
+with Ethereum and is available in all major Ethereum node implementations
+(e.g. [[link-geth]] and [[link-parity]]) as well as many
+third-party web services (e.g. [[link-infura]]). It typically provides:

-_subsection: Connecting to Ethereum  @<starting-connecting>
+- A connection to the Ethereum network (a [[Provider]])
+- Holds your private key and can sign things (a [[Signer]])

-This very first thing needed to begin interacting with the blockchain is
-connecting to it using a [[Provider]].
+_code: Connecting to an RPC client @lang<script>

-_heading: MetaMask (and other injected providers)
+// If you don't specify a //url//, Ethers connects to the default 
+// (i.e. ``http:/\/localhost:8545``)
+const provider = new ethers.providers.JsonRpcProvider();

-The quickest and easiest way to experiment and begin developing
-on Ethereum is to use [[link-metamask]], which is a browser
-extension that injects objects into the ``window``, providing:
+// The provider also allows signing transactions to
+// send ether and pay to change state within the blockchain.
+// For this, we need the account signer...
+const signer = provider.getSigner()

- read-only access to the Ethereum network (a [[Provider]])
- authenticated write access backed by a private key (a [[Signer]])
+_heading: Querying the Blockchain @<getting-started--querying>

-When requesting access to the authenticated methods, such as
-sending a transaction or even requesting the private key address,
-MetaMask will show a pop-up to the user asking for permission.
+Once you have a [[Provider]], you have a read-only connection to the
+blockchain, which you can use to query the current state, fetch historic
+logs, look up deployed code and so on.

-_code:  @lang<script>
-  let signer = null;
+_code: Basic Queries @lang<javascript>

-  let provider;
-  if (window.ethereum == null) {
+// Look up the current block number
+//_result:
+await provider.getBlockNumber()
+//_log:

-      // If MetaMask is not installed, we use the default provider,
-      // which is backed by a variety of third-party services (such
-      // as INFURA). They do not have private keys installed,
-      // so they only have read-only access
-      console.log("MetaMask not installed; using read-only defaults")
-      provider = ethers.getDefaultProvider()
+// Get the balance of an account (by address or ENS name, if supported by network)
+//_result:
+balance = await provider.getBalance("ethers.eth")
+//_log:

-  } else {
+// Often you need to format the output to something more user-friendly,
+// such as in ether (instead of wei)
+//_result:
+ethers.utils.formatEther(balance)
+//_log:

-      // Connect to the MetaMask EIP-1193 object. This is a standard
-      // protocol that allows Ethers access to make all read-only
-      // requests through MetaMask.
-      provider = new ethers.BrowserProvider(window.ethereum)
+// If a user enters a string in an input field, you may need
+// to convert it from ether (as a string) to wei (as a BigNumber)
+//_result:
+ethers.utils.parseEther("1.0")
+//_log:

-      // It also provides an opportunity to request access to write
-      // operations, which will be performed by the private key
-      // that MetaMask manages for the user.
-      signer = await provider.getSigner();
-  }

+_heading: Writing to the Blockchain @<getting-started--sending>

-_heading: Custom RPC Backend
+_code: Sending Ether @lang<script>

-If you are running your own Ethereum node (e.g. [[link-geth]])
-or using a custom third-party service (e.g. [[link-infura]]),
-you can use the [[JsonRpcProvider]] directly, which communicates
-using the [[link-jsonrpc]] protocol.
+// Send 1 ether to an ens name.
+const tx = signer.sendTransaction({
+    to: "ricmoo.firefly.eth",
+    value: ethers.utils.parseEther("1.0")
+});

-When using your own Ethereum node or a developer-base blockchain,
-such as Hardhat or Ganache, you can get access to the accounts with
-[[JsonRpcProvider-getSigner]].

-_code: connecting to a JSON-RPC URL  @lang<script>
+_subsection: Contracts @<getting-started--contracts>

-  // If no %%url%% is provided, it connects to the default
-  // http://localhost:8545, which most nodes use.
-  provider = new ethers.JsonRpcProvider(url)
+A Contract is an abstraction of program code which lives on the
+Ethereum blockchain.

-  // Get write access as an account by getting the signer
-  signer = await provider.getSigner()
+The [[Contract]] object makes it easier to use an on-chain
+Contract as a normal JavaScript object, with the methods
+mapped to encoding and decoding data for you.

+If you are familiar with Databases, this is similar to an //Object Relational Mapper// (ORM).

-_subsection: User Interaction  @<starting-display>
+In order to communicate with the Contract on-chain, this class
+needs to know what methods are available and how to encode and
+decode the data, which is what the //Application Binary Interface// (ABI)
+provides.

-All units in Ethereum tend to be integer values, since dealing with
-decimals and floating points can lead to imprecise and non-obvious
-results when performing mathematic operations.
+This class is a //meta-class//, which means its methods are constructed
+at runtime, and when you pass in the ABI to the constructor it uses it
+to determine which methods to add.

-As a result, the internal units used (e.g. wei) which are suited for
-machine-readable purposes and maths are often very large and not
-easily human-readable.
+While an on-chain Contract may have many methods available, you can safely ignore
+any methods you don't need or use, providing a smaller subset of the ABI to
+the contract.

-For example, imagine dealing with dollars and cents; you would show
-values like ``"$2.56"``. In the blockchain world, we would keep all
-values as cents, so that would be ``256`` cents, internally.
+An ABI often comes from the Solidity or Vyper compiler, but you can use the
+Human-Readable ABI in code, which the following examples use.

-So, when accepting data that a user types, it must be converted from
-its decimal string representation (e.g. ``"2.56"``) to its lowest-unit
-integer representation (e.g. ``256``). And when displaying a value to
-a user the opposite operation is necessary.
+_code: Connecting to the DAI Contract @lang<javascript>

-In Ethereum, //one ether// is equal to ``10 *\* 18`` wei and //one gwei//
-is equal to ``10 *\* 9`` wei, so the values get very large very quickly,
-so some convenience functions are provided to help convert between
-representations.
+// You can also use an ENS name for the contract address
+const daiAddress = "dai.tokens.ethers.eth";

-_code:  @lang<javascript>
-  // Convert user-provided strings in ether to wei for a value
-  eth = parseEther("1.0")
-  //_result:
+// The ERC-20 Contract ABI, which is a common contract interface
+// for tokens (this is the Human-Readable ABI format)
+const daiAbi = [
+  // Some details about the token
+  "function name() view returns (string)",
+  "function symbol() view returns (string)",

-  // Convert user-provided strings in gwei to wei for max base fee
-  feePerGas = parseUnits("4.5", "gwei")
-  //_result:
+  // Get the account balance
+  "function balanceOf(address) view returns (uint)",

-  // Convert a value in wei to a string in ether to display in a UI
-  formatEther(eth)
-  //_result:
+  // Send some of your tokens to someone else
+  "function transfer(address to, uint amount)",

-  // Convert a value in wei to a string in gwei to display in a UI
-  formatUnits(feePerGas, "gwei")
-  //_result:
+  // An event triggered whenever anyone transfers to someone else
+  "event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint amount)"
+];

+// The Contract object
+const daiContract = new ethers.Contract(daiAddress, daiAbi, provider);

-_subsection: Interacting with the Blockchain  @<starting-blockchain>
+//_hide: _page.daiAbi = daiAbi;
+//_hide: _page.daiContract = daiContract;

-_heading: Querying State
+_heading: Read-Only Methods @<getting-started--reading>

-Once you have a [[Provider]], you have a read-only connection to
-the data on the blockchain. This can be used to query the current
-account state, fetch historic logs, look up contract code and so on.
+_code: Querying the DAI Contract @lang<javascript>

-_code:  @lang<javascript>
-  //_hide: provider = new InfuraProvider();
+//_hide: const daiContract = _page.daiContract;

-  // Look up the current block number (i.e. height)
-  await provider.getBlockNumber()
-  //_result:
+// Get the ERC-20 token name
+//_result:
+await daiContract.name()
+//_log:

-  // Get the current balance of an account (by address or ENS name)
-  balance = await provider.getBalance("ethers.eth")
-  //_result:
+// Get the ERC-20 token symbol (for tickers and UIs)
+//_result:
+await daiContract.symbol()
+//_log:

-  // Since the balance is in wei, you may wish to display it
-  // in ether instead.
-  formatEther(balance)
-  //_result:
+// Get the balance of an address
+balance = await daiContract.balanceOf("ricmoo.firefly.eth")
+//_log: balance

-  // Get the next nonce required to send a transaction
-  await provider.getTransactionCount("ethers.eth")
-  //_result:
+// Format the DAI for displaying to the user
+//_result:
+ethers.utils.formatUnits(balance, 18)
+//_log:

-_heading: Sending Transactions

-To write to the blockchain you require access to a private key
-which controls some account. In most cases, those private keys
-are not accessible directly to your code, and instead you make
-requests via a [[Signer]], which dispatches the request to a
-service (such as [[link-metamask]]) which provides strictly
-gated access and requires feedback to the user to approve or
-reject operations.
+_heading: State Changing Methods @<getting-started--writing>

-_code:  @lang<script>
+_code: Sending DAI @lang<script>

-  //_hide: provider = new JsonRpcProvider("http:/\/localhost:8545")
-  //_hide: provider.resolveName = () => "0x643aA0A61eADCC9Cc202D1915D942d35D005400C";
-  //_hide: signer = new Wallet(id("test"), provider);
+// The DAI Contract is currently connected to the Provider,
+// which is read-only. You need to connect to a Signer, so
+// that you can pay to send state-changing transactions.
+const daiWithSigner = contract.connect(signer);

-  // When sending a transaction, the value is in wei, so parseEther
-  // converts ether to wei.
-  tx = await signer.sendTransaction({
-    to: "ethers.eth",
-    value: parseEther("1.0")
-  });
-  //_result:
+// Each DAI has 18 decimal places
+const dai = ethers.utils.parseUnits("1.0", 18);

-  // Often you may wish to wait until the transaction is mined
-  receipt = await tx.wait();
-  //_result:
+// Send 1 DAI to "ricmoo.firefly.eth"
+tx = daiWithSigner.transfer("ricmoo.firefly.eth", dai);


-_subsection: Contracts  @<starting-contracts>
+_heading: Listening to Events @<getting-started--events>

-A **Contract** is a meta-class, which means that its definition
-its derived at run-time, based on the ABI it is passed, which then
-determined what methods and properties are available on it.
+_code: Listening to Events @lang<javascript>

-_heading: Application Binary Interface (ABI)
+//_hide: const daiContract = _page.daiContract;
+//_hide: const formatEther = ethers.utils.formatEther;

-Since all operations that occur on the blockchain must be encoded
-as binary data, we need a concise way to define how to convert
-between common objects (like strings and numbers) and its binary
-representation, as well as encode the ways to call and interpret
-the Contract.
+// Receive an event when ANY transfer occurs
+daiContract.on("Transfer", (from, to, amount, event) => {
+    console.log(`${ from } sent ${ formatEther(amount) } to ${ to}`);
+    // The event object contains the verbatim log data, the
+    // EventFragment and functions to fetch the block,
+    // transaction and receipt and event functions
+});

-For any method, event or error you wish to use, you must include a
-[[Fragment]] to inform Ethers how it should encode the request and
-decode the result.
+// A filter for when a specific address receives tokens
+myAddress = "0x8ba1f109551bD432803012645Ac136ddd64DBA72";
+filter = daiContract.filters.Transfer(null, myAddress)
+//_log: filter

-Any methods or events that are not needed can be safely excluded.
+// Receive an event when that filter occurs
+daiContract.on(filter, (from, to, amount, event) => {
+    // The to will always be "address"
+    console.log(`I got ${ formatEther(amount) } from ${ from }.`);
+});

-There are several common formats available to describe an ABI. The
-Solidity compiler usually dumps a JSON representation but when typing
-an ABI by hand it is often easier (and more readable) to use the
-human-readable ABI, which is just the Solidity signature.
+//_hide: daiContract.removeAllListeners(); /* Don't want to block the docs from compiling... */

-_code: simplified ERC-20 ABI @lang<script>
-  abi = [
-    "function decimals() view returns (string)",
-    "function symbol() view returns (string)",
-    "function balanceOf(address addr) view returns (uint)"
-  ]

-  // Create a contract
-  contract = new Contract("dai.tokens.ethers.eth", abi, provider)
+_heading: Query Historic Events @<getting-started--history>

-_heading: Read-only methods (i.e. ``view`` and ``pure``)
+_code: Filtering Historic Events @lang<javascript>

-A read-only method is one which cannot change the state of the
-blockchain, but often provide a simple interface to get important
-data about a Contract.
+//_hide: const signer = new ethers.VoidSigner("0x8ba1f109551bD432803012645Ac136ddd64DBA72");
+//_hide: const daiContract = _page.daiContract;

-_code: reading the DAI ERC-20 contract @lang<javascript>
-  // The contract ABI (fragments we care about)
-  abi = [
-    "function decimals() view returns (uint8)",
-    "function symbol() view returns (string)",
-    "function balanceOf(address a) view returns (uint)"
-  ]
+// Get the address of the Signer
+myAddress = await signer.getAddress()
+//_log: myAddress

-  // Create a contract; connected to a Provider, so it may
-  // only access read-only methods (like view and pure)
-  contract = new Contract("dai.tokens.ethers.eth", abi, provider)
+// Filter for all token transfers from me
+filterFrom = daiContract.filters.Transfer(myAddress, null);
+//_log: filterFrom

-  // The symbol name for the token
-  sym = await contract.symbol()
-  //_result:
+// Filter for all token transfers to me
+filterTo = daiContract.filters.Transfer(null, myAddress);
+//_log: filterTo

-  // The number of decimals the token uses
-  decimals = await contract.decimals()
-  //_result:
+// List all transfers sent from me in a specific block range
+//_result:
+await daiContract.queryFilter(filterFrom, 9843470, 9843480)
+//_log:

-  // Read the token balance for an account
-  balance = await contract.balanceOf("ethers.eth")
-  //_result:
+//
+// The following have had the results omitted due to the
+// number of entries; but they provide some useful examples
+//

-  // Format the balance for humans, such as in a UI
-  formatUnits(balance, decimals)
-  //_result:
+// List all transfers sent in the last 10,000 blocks
+await daiContract.queryFilter(filterFrom, -10000)

-_heading: State-changing Methods
+// List all transfers ever sent to me
+await daiContract.queryFilter(filterTo)

-_code: change state on an ERC-20 contract  @lang<script>
+_subsection: Signing Messages @<getting-started--signing>

-  abi = [
-    "function transfer(address to, uint amount)"
-  ]
+_code: Signing Messages @lang<javascript>

-  // Connected to a Signer; can make state changing transactions,
-  // which will cost the account ether
-  contract = new Contract("dai.tokens.ethers.eth", abi, signer)
+//_hide: const signer = ethers.Wallet.createRandom();

-  // Send 1 DAI
-  amount = parseUnits("1.0", 18);
+// To sign a simple string, which are used for
+// logging into a service, such as CryptoKitties,
+// pass the string in.
+signature = await signer.signMessage("Hello World");
+//_log: signature

-  // Send the transaction
-  tx = await contract.transfer("ethers.eth", amount)
-  //_result: @TODO
+//
+// A common case is also signing a hash, which is 32
+// bytes. It is important to note, that to sign binary
+// data it MUST be an Array (or TypedArray)
+//

-  // Currently the transaction has been sent to the mempool,
-  // but has not yet been included. So, we...
+// This string is 66 characters long
+message = "0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef"

-  // ...wait for the transaction to be included.
-  await tx.wait()
-  //_result: @TODO
-
-_code: forcing a call (simulation) of a state-changing method @lang<javascript>
-
-  abi = [
-    "function transfer(address to, uint amount) returns (bool)"
-  ]
-
-  // Connected to a Provider since we only require read access
-  contract = new Contract("dai.tokens.ethers.eth", abi, provider)
-
-  amount = parseUnits("1.0", 18)
-
-  // There are many limitations to using a static call, but can
-  // often be useful to preflight a transaction.
-  await contract.transfer.staticCall("ethers.eth", amount)
-  //_result:
-
-  // We can also simulate the transaction as another account
-  other = new VoidSigner("0x643aA0A61eADCC9Cc202D1915D942d35D005400C")
-  contractAsOther = contract.connect(other.connect(provider))
-  await contractAsOther.transfer.staticCall("ethers.eth", amount)
-  //_result:
-
-_heading: Listening to Events
-
-When adding event listeners for a named event, the event parameters
-are destructed for the listener.
-
-There is always one additional parameter passed to a listener, which
-is an [[EventPayload]], which includes more information about the event
-including the filter and a method to remove that listener.
-
-_code: listen for ERC-20 events  @lang<script>
-  abi = [
-    "event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint amount)"
-  ]
-
-  // Create a contract; connected to a Provider, so it may
-  // only access read-only methods (like view and pure)
-  contract = new Contract("dai.tokens.ethers.eth", abi, provider)
-
-  // Begin listening for any Transfer event
-  contract.on("Transfer", (from, to, _amount, event) => {
-    const amount = formatEther(_amount, 18)
-    console.log(`${ from } => ${ to }: ${ amount }`);
-
-    // The `event.log` has the entire EventLog
-
-    // Optionally, stop listening
-    event.removeListener();
-  });
-
-  // Same as above
-  contract.on(contract.filters.Transfer, (from, to, amount, event) => {
-    // See above
-  })
-
-  // Listen for any Transfer to "ethers.eth"
-  filter = contract.filters.Transfer("ethers.eth")
-  contract.on(filter, (from, to, amount, event) => {
-    // `to` will always be equal to the address of "ethers.eth"
-  });
-
-  // Listen for any event, whether it is present in the ABI
-  // or not. Since unknown events can be picked up, the
-  // parameters are not destructed.
-  contract.on("*", (event) => {
-    // The `event.log` has the entire EventLog
-  });
-
-
-
-_heading: Query Historic Events
-
-When querying within a large range of blocks, some backends may
-be prohibitively slow, may return an error or may truncate the
-results without any indication. This is at the discretion of each
-backend.
-
-_code: query historic ERC-20 events  @lang<javascript>
-  abi = [
-    "event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint amount)"
-  ]
-
-  // Create a contract; connected to a Provider, so it may
-  // only access read-only methods (like view and pure)
-  contract = new Contract("dai.tokens.ethers.eth", abi, provider)
-
-  // Query the last 100 blocks for any transfer
-  filter = contract.filters.Transfer
-  events = await contract.queryFilter(filter, -100)
-
-  // The events are a normal Array
-  events.length
-  //_result:
-
-  // The first matching event
-  events[0]
-  //_result:
-
-  // Query all time for any transfer to ethers.eth
-  filter = contract.filters.Transfer("ethers.eth")
-  events = await contract.queryFilter(filter)
-
-  // The first matching event
-  events[0]
-  //_result:
-
-
-_subsection: Signing Messages  @<starting-signing>
-
-A private key can do a lot more than just sign a transaction to authorize
-it. It can also be used to sign other forms of data, which are then able
-to be validated for other purposes.
-
-For example, signing **a message** can be used to prove ownership of an
-account which a website could use to authenticate a user and log them in.
-
-_code:  @lang<javascript>
-
-  // Our signer; Signing messages does not require a Provider
-  signer = new Wallet(id("test"))
-  //_result:
-
-  message = "sign into ethers.org?"
-
-  // Signing the message
-  sig = await signer.signMessage(message);
-  //_result:
-
-  // Validating a message; notice the address matches the signer
-  verifyMessage(message, sig)
-  //_result:
-
-_null:
-
-Many other more advanced protocols built on top of signed messages are
-used to allow a private key to authorize other users to transfer their
-tokens, allowing the transaction fees of the transfer to be paid by
-someone else.
+// This array representation is 32 bytes long
+messageBytes = ethers.utils.arrayify(message);
+//_log: messageBytes

+// To sign a hash, you most often want to sign the bytes
+signature = await signer.signMessage(messageBytes)
+//_log: signature
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
				`@ -1 +0,0 @@`
				`@tornado:registry=https://git.tornado.ws/api/packages/tornado-packages/npm/`